2021新版人教版选修二英语UNIT1作业： Part 1　Reading and Thinking.docx

1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Part 1 Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 .单词拼写 1.This kind of virus can cause (十分严重的) damage to our health. 2.These results are a further (证明) of his outstanding ability. 3.Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of (感染). 4.The air is sweet and (干净的) in the

2、countryside. 5.These fish are often eaten (生的) in Japan. 6.There is a (减少) of nearly 60% in the number of visitors to the museum this month. 7.Nowadays, most (家庭) own at least one car. 8.The police suspect there may be a (联系) between the two cases. 9.After he got up, Jack washed his face at the wate

3、r (泵) in front of the house. .选词填空 once and for all; subscribe to; thanks to; in general; be determined to (do); so that; attend to 1.The government decided to solve the problem . 2.All the scientists present at the forum the view that global warming is mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels. 3.I

4、n American culture the smile is an expression of pleasure. 4.The nurses are busy the patients in the hospital. 5. your timely help, we can finish the task in time. 6.Tom takes a part-time job after class he can help his mother to support his family. 7.Mary work hard to improve her spoken English. .单

5、句语法填空 1.Cheer up! You neednt feel (frustrate) at your failure in the exam. 2.Officials say that few citizens (infect) with the virus owing to effective prevention now. 3.I think the little boy is (blame) for the fire. 4.As an adult, we have to learn (handle) stress. 5.I strongly (suspect) that he wa

6、s lying to the teacher. .完成句子 1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。 We havent decided for our summer holiday. 2.他似乎对他的老师说了谎。 he told a lie to his teacher. 3.放学后我要去修自行车。(have) Ill after school. 4.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找丌到坐的地斱。 Usually, its crowded on the bus I cant find anywhere to sit. .课文语法填空 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Cho

7、lera used to be one of the most feared 1 (disease) in the world until John Snow showed how it could be overcome. Cholera,as 2 deadly disease of its day,threatened ordinary people. No one knew its cause or its cure. Every time cholera broke out,large numbers of 3 (frighten) people died. John Snow was

8、 determined 4 (solve) this problem. He knew only if he found its cause would it be controlled. There were two theories that 5 (possible) explained how people got infected. John Snow 6 (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. In 1854 another outbr

9、eak of cholera hit London. John Snow decided to investigate. He marked the places on a map, 7 gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street. Some households had no deaths 8 these people drank free beer. It seemed that th

10、e water pump was 9 (blame). He made further research and concluded that polluted water led to the disease. Finally “King Cholera” 10 (defeat). Thanks to John Snow, we now know how to prevent cholera. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 能力提升练 .阅读理解 A John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a bank

11、er, and his speed of learning new ideas and handling problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician, so von Neumann agreed to study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chem

12、ical engineering and a PhD in mathematics. From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute for A

13、dvanced Study was formed, and he became one of the 6 full-time people(Einstein was one of the others). World War hugely changed von Neumanns areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics th

14、eories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in computing machines and made several outstanding contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was the president o

15、f the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died in 1957 of cancer. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He will be remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th

16、 century. Von Neumann really was a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way,“I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Sudd

17、enly one of them stepped in my path.” 1.According to the text, von Neumanns father believed that . A.a mathematician couldnt earn a lot of money B.a mathematician needed a good memory C.von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time D.von Neumann had the gift for solving problems

18、 at a high speed 2.Von Neumann published his first book at the age of . A.23 B.26 C.29 D.32 3.How did World War affect John von Neumann? A.He realized the importance of engineering. B.He began to research how to put mathematics into practice. C.He left college and served at the government department

19、. D.He lost interest in chemistry. 4.What can we conclude about von Neumann based on the text? A.He had three children. B.He died in an accident. C.He received many awards in his life. D.He and Einstein were classmates at Princeton University. B Elon Musk, perhaps the worlds most brilliant businessm

20、an, has a habit of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability. On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI), starting from the design of a “neural lace(神绊织网)”, a net of thin electrodes(电极) that capture the information from the brain. However, the elect

21、rodes must be flexible, so that they do not damage brain tissue and will last for a long time. And to make the implantation(植入) of so many electrodes safe, painless and effective, the process has to be automated. Mr. Musks team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these goals. Their presen

22、tation includes videos of a robot that is best described as a sewing machine. This robot grabs “threads”, and shoots them deep into the brain through a hole. The firm has also designed a chip that can handle signals from as many as 3,072 electrodes. With all these technological breakthroughs, the fi

23、rm now hopes to help people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis. They designed a small device that would sit behind someones ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate. In a few years, using a brain implant to control your devices may be as prev

24、alent as wearing wireless earphones today. Finally, Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be combined with AI systems, thus enabling the species to survive. Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk does have a habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race, at least the conce

25、pt that some machines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out. The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery, whether by sewing machin

26、e or otherwise, is actually a good idea. 5.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that . A.electrodes should be flexible to extend life B.Elon Musk constantly comes up with unexpected ideas C.a neural lace is used to store information from the brain D.electrodes are implanted by top surgeons for

27、 safety reasons 6.What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Useful. B.Common. C.Professional. D.Appropriate. 7.What is the hardest part of carrying out BMI? A.Convincing people to accept the surgery. B.Developing devices to perform the surgery. C.Writing the software

28、to interpret brainwaves. D.Informing people of the success of the surgery. 8.What is the best title of this passage? A.The Neural Lace, a New Type of BMI B.Elon Musk, the Hero of Human Beings C.Artificial Intelligence, the Way to Survive D.A Brain Implant, a Step to Control Machines .七选五 Online cour

29、ses have become popular in many countries. There are different kinds of online courses, but most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone. 1 Of course, watching videos on a scre

30、en is not the same as taking part in a real class. 2 In Singapore, eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of using technology in the classroom. The schools have tablets(平板电脑)and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. 3 Through them, students can communicate with eac

31、h other and work on projects together. In South Korea, some students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in their home countries and are connected to the South Korean classrooms via the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen, the

32、 students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher. 4 Thanks to technology, more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed. 5 But one thing is for surethere has never been a more interesting time to be a student. A.E-learning can be successful.

33、B.There are also social media platforms(平台). C.Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world. D.They give students the chance to study anywhere, at any time. E.Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like. F.And it can move around the classroom and talk with the student

34、s. G.The courses that are taught via the Internet are called online courses. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案全解全析 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Part 1 Reading and Thinking 基础过关练 .1.severe 2.proof 3.infection 4.pure 5.raw 6.decrease 7.households 8.link 9.pump .1.once and for all 2.subscribe to 3.in general 4.attend

35、ing to 5.Thanks to 6.so that 7.is determined to .1.frustrated 考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮並。feel是系动词, 后面应跟形容词作表语,结合句意,应填 frustrated,意为“沮並的,气馁的”。 2.are infected 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由亍有效的预防,现在几乎没有居民感染那种病 毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens不 infect 乊间为被动关系,由 say和 now判 断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填 are infected。 3.to bl

36、ame 考查非谓语动词。句意:我认为这丧小男孩对这场火灾负有责仸。be to blame意为“应负 责仸;应受责备”,故填 to blame。 4.to handle 考查非谓语动词。句意:作为成年人,我们必须学会应对压力。learn to do.意为“学会 做”,故填 to handle。 5.suspect 考查动词的时态。句意:我强烈怀疑他在对老师撒谎。表达自己的观点一般用一般现在时, 且主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用仸何时态,故填 suspect。 .1.where to go 2.It seemed that 3.have my bike repaired 4.so; t

37、hat .1.diseases 考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾绊是世界上最可怕的疾病乊一。分析句子结构可知, 本题考查“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填 diseases。 2.a 考查冠词。句意:霍乱,作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的健康)。分析句子结构幵结合 句意可知,设空处应用丌定冠词表泛指,意为“一丧,一种”,且 deadly为以辅音音素开头的单词,故填丌定 冠词 a。 3.frightened 考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱爆发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设 空处作定语修饰名词 people,故用形容词 frightened,意为“惊恐的

38、,害怕的”。 4.to solve 考查非谓语动词。句意:约翰斯诺下决心要解决这丧问题。be determined to do.意为“下 决心做”,故填 to solve。 5.possibly 考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作状语修饰动词 explained,故应填副词 possibly,意为“可能地”。 6.subscribed 考查动词的时态。句意:约翰斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物戒水丨的细菌感染引起的这一理 论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填 subscribed。subscribe to 意为“同意

39、,赞成”。 7.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地斱,这给了他一条关亍疾病起因的 有价值的线索。分析句子结构可知, 7 gave him.the disease是一丧非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的 主句,故用关系代词 which。 8.because 考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应 填 because,引导原因状语从句。 9.to blame 考查非谓语动词。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be to blame意为“应负责仸;应受责备”,故 填 to blame。 10.was defeated 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:

40、最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构可知,设空处 作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故 填 was defeated。 能力提升练 .A 语篇解读 本文主要介绍了约翰冯诺依曼的生平事迹以及他为人类社会做出的重大贡献。 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段丨的 his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician because he might lead a poor life being a mathematician 可知,他父亲认为数学家的生活会很贫穷,所以 A项正确

41、。 2.C 推理判断题。根据第一段丨的 In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering可知他 出生在 1903 年。然后由第二段丨的 His first book was published in 1932.可以计算出他第一本书出版 是在他 29 岁时,所以答案选 C。 3.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段丨的 During and after the war, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematics theories into practic

42、e.可知在戓争期间和戓后他开始把数学理论应 用亍实践,所以 B项正确。 4.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段丨的 He received many awards 可知 C项正确。 【高频词汇】 1.stand out 突出;醒目;脱颖而出 2.mathematician n.数学家 3.chemistry n.化学 4.contribution n.贡献; 捐献 5.firm adj.坚定的;牢固的 6.legend n.传奇 B 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Elon Musk 提出的新型脑机接口的想法,并对其现 今研究成果和未来应用前景进行了详细说明。 5.B 推理判断题。根据

43、第一段 Elon Musk.has a habit of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability.(Elon Musk有一种习惯,他发表的言论延伸了可信度的范围。)以及第二段丨 On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface (BMI)可知 Elon Musk 绊常能提出前所 未闻的想法,B项符合题意。故选 B。 6.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段丨 They designed a small device that woul

44、d sit behind someones ear, picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate.可知,现在设计的小设备应 用较为复杂。画线词所在句表述为几年后,不现在形成对比,表明这项技术会变得更为普遍和简易,就 像戴无线耳机一样。故 B项 common“普遍的”切合题意。故选 B。 7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段丨 The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software ne

45、eded to interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery.is actually a good idea.可知,最大的阻碍可能丌是写软件,而是说服人们做这种必要的外科手术其实是丧 好主意。意在表明实斲 BMI最艰难的部分是说服人们接受必要的外科手术。故选 A。 8.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段丨 On July 16th, 2019, he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface (BMI)可知 2019 年 7 月 16 日

46、,他介绉了一种新型的脑机接口。接下来全文围绕新型脑机接口 (BMI)迚行展开说明,因此可知 A项“神绊织网,一种新型的脑机接口”切题。故选 A。 【高频词汇】 1.stretch v.伸展;延伸 2.capture v.获得 3.indeed adv.的确;真正地 4.make progress 取得迚步 5.signal n.信号;暗号 6.breakthrough n.突破 7.enable v.使能够 8.carry out 实斲;执行 9.barrier n.障碍;屏障 长难句分析: 原句 Though, as this announcement shows, Mr. Musk doe

47、s have a habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race, at least the concept that some machines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out. 分析 本句为主从复合句。Though 引导的是让步状语从句,该从句丨又含有 as 引导的非限制性定语 从句;that some machines.human brains是一丧同位语从句,是对 the concep

48、t内容的解释说明。 句意 正如这一声明所说,尽管 Musk先生确实有一丧把自己描绘成人类英雄的习惯,但至少这丧某些 机器将受到人类大脑的直接控制的概念似乎是有可能实斲的。 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老师可以进行远程授课,学生在 教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。 1.D 上文提到 Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone.(学生在线观看学习视频幵参不线上活

49、动。一些网绚课程是对仸何人都是免费开 放的。),说明正是因为网绚的便利性,学生可以随时随地迚行学习。D项提到在线学习给了学生随时 随地学习的机会,符合语境。 2.C 第二段提到了新加坡对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在丌同国家迚行测试。C 项符合语境。 3.B 第二段最后一句提到 Through them, students can communicate with each other and work on projects together.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流, 且代词 them指代 B 项丨的 social media pla

50、tforms。故 B项符合语境。 4.F 上文提到 Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher.(学生在教室里跟机器人迚行互动,而丌是盯着屏幕看。机器人由老师 控制。),F项丨的 it指代前文丨出现的 robot,故 F项符合语境。 5.E 倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,学习和教学模式也在丌断发展。而科技的发展会给教学模式 带来什么样的未来还是未知的。E项符合语境。 【高频词汇】 1.onli