2021新版人教版选修二英语unit1&unit2 课文原文及译文.docx
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- 2021新版人教版选修二英语unit1&unit2 课文原文及译文 2021新 版人教版 选修 英语 unit1 unit2 课文 原文 译文 下载 _选择性必修第二册_人教版(2019)_英语_高中
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1、1 Unit1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” 约翰斯诺约翰斯诺战胜战胜“霍乱王“霍乱王” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.In the early19th century, when an outb
2、reak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his de
3、sire to destroy cholera once and for all. 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一,直到英国医生约翰 斯诺展示了如何 克服它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水,甚至死亡。19 世纪初,霍乱在欧 洲爆发,数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生,约翰 斯诺非常的沮丧, 因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。随着时间的推移,他成为了一名著名的医 生,甚至在维多利亚女王生孩子时照顾过她。然而,他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的 愿望。 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explai
4、n how Cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow be
5、gan to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 一般来说,当时的医生们有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。 2 有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。 另一种理论是霍乱是由食物或水 中的细菌感染引起的。 斯诺赞同第二种理论。 理论是正确的, 但他仍然需要证据。 因此,当 185
6、4 年伦敦爆发霍乱时,斯诺开始进行调查。他发现在两条特定的街 道霍乱爆发非常严重,10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。他决心找出原因。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact place where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37,38, and 40). However, some household s (such as20 and
7、21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more,in another part of London, a woman and he
8、r daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Sno w was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, h
9、e had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 起初,斯诺在地图上标出了所有死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点。 布罗德街 (Broad Street)的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是 16、37、38 和 40 号房子)。但是, 一些家庭(如布罗德街 20 号和 21 号,剑桥街 8 号和 9 号)没有死亡。这些人在剑 桥街 7 号的酒吧工作。 他们得到了免费的啤酒, 所以没有喝从水泵里
10、抽出来的水。 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。更重要的是,在伦敦的另一个地方,一个女人和她的 女儿在离开布罗德街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水,所以她每 天都让人把水送到家里来。有了这个证据,约翰 斯诺就能宣布水泵里的水携带 霍乱病菌。因此,他把泵的把手拿下来,使它不能使用。通过这一干预措施,疾 病被遏制住了。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between othe
11、r cases of cholera and 3 the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 事实是,从布罗德街水泵流出的水受到了废物的污染。此外,斯诺后来还指 出了其他霍乱病例
12、与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。 一些公司出售被未经处理的 废水污染的泰晤士河水。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或开水的人更容易得霍乱。 Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get ch
13、olera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientist study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology 通过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始销售洁净水,世界
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