2021新版人教版选修二英语Unit 5 突破语法大冲关 同步讲解 .doc

1、复习动词- ing 形式 观察例句 1As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 2You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth. 3The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 4It is best to place burns under cool running water，especi

2、ally within the first ten minutes. 5If you see someone choking，first call the emergency services. 6In 1974，an American doctor，Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre，saving thousands of lives around the world. 归纳用法 1例句 1 中的 getting 为动词- ing 形式在句中作主语。 2例句 2 中的 covering 为动词- ing 形式在句中作宾语。 3例句 3

3、中的 giving 为动词- ing 形式在句中作表语。 4例句 4 中的 running 为动词- ing 形式在句中作定语。 5例句 5 中的 choking 为动词- ing 形式在句中作宾语补足语。 6例句 6 中的 saving 为动词- ing 形式在句中作状语。 一、动词- ing 形式的基本情况 1动词- ing 形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。 动词- ing 形式在句中的语法作用： 动名词在句中作主语、 宾语、 表语和定语， 现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。 2动词- ing 形式的时态和语态： 语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doin

4、g being done 完成式 having done having been done Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Having studied his lessons very hard，he passed the exam. 努力学习了功课， 他通过了考试。 The building being built now will be finished next month. 正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。 二、动词- ing 形式作主语 1动词- ing 形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、

5、习惯性的动作，通常置于句 首。 Saying is one thing，and doing is another. 说是一回事，而做是另一回事。 Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy. 每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 名师点津 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old. 对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 2形式主语 it 代替动词- ing 形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有： Its a waste of time doing sth.做

6、某事是浪费时间 Its useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的 Its no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 It is no good/use regretting for the past. 悔恨过去是没用的。 3v.ing 形式和 to do 作主语时的区别。 ving 形式和 to do 都可以作主语。v.ing 形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般 行为，to d

7、o 作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Singing is my hobby， and to sing at my friends birthday party is my dream.唱歌 是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 即学即练 1 单句语法填空 I cant stand working (work) with Jane in the same office. Its no use complaining (complain) without taking action. Voluntee

8、ring (volunteer) just feels so good. Being invited (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family. 三、动词- ing 形式作宾语 1作动词的宾语。接 v.ing 形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有： avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期 advise，finish，practise 建议完成多练习 enjoy，imagine，cant help 喜欢想象禁不住 admit，deny，envy 承认否定与嫉妒 escape，risk，excuse 逃避冒险莫

9、原谅 stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意 He admitted referring to his notes in the exam. 他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。 She cant stand being looked down upon in public. 她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？ He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 2作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词- ing 形式作介词的宾语： be go

10、od at 擅长； dream of 梦想； care about 在乎； be concerned about 关心； be interested in 对感兴趣； feel like 想要； insist on 坚持； think of 认为； aim at 瞄准； set about 开始做； be used to 习惯于； get down to 开始做； lead to 导致； devote oneself to 献 身于；look forward to 期待；stick to 坚持；pay attention to 注意；give up 放弃等。 I dream of sailin

11、g around the world and leading a happy life. 我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 Im looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着你下一次的到来。 Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow. 因为天气不好， 他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。 3在以下结构中，动词- ing 形式作介

12、词的宾语，介词常省略。 spend.(in) doing 花费做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing.做有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent.(from) doing 阻止做某事 waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing 高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 There is no point (in) doing 做某事毫无意义 He is always busy working every day，which has made

13、 him have little time to play with his child. 他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 There is no point giving him such a good chance. 给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。 即学即练 2 用所给词的适当形式填空 Im looking forward to hearing (hear) from you. He devotes himself to looking (look) into the matter. She likes spending much money buying (buy)

14、 clothes for herself. 4动词- ing 形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况 (1)动词- ing 的复合结构 名词（宾格）/名词s所有格 代词（宾格）/形容词性物主代词 动词- ing His/Toms being late made the teacher very angry. 他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。 Would you mind my/me closing the window? 你介意我关上窗户吗？ Would you mind Marys/Mary closing the window? 你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？ 名师点津 动词- ing 的复合结构的否定形

15、式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名 词的所有格not doing.。 Jerrys not arriving on time made the people present angry. 杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。 (2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词- ing 作宾语。 动词 begin，start， continue 等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词- ing 作宾语， 意义基本相同。 They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest. 休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。

16、 动词 love，like，hate 等后可跟动词- ing 和不定式作宾语，但接动词- ing 表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。 I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光 明媚的日子里散步。 It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是 个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。 一些动词后既可跟动词- ing 作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大 差别。 He forgot turning t

17、he light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯。 The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。 名师点津 对比记忆作宾语的动词含义 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事 go on to do sth.接着做另一件事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 try to do sth.努力做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do st

18、h.记住要做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事 mean to do.打算/意欲做 mean doing.意味着做 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情 cant help to do.不能帮着去做 cant help doing.禁不住做 They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery. 他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。 They stopped working and had a rest. 他们停止工

19、作，休息了一下。 (3)用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词- ing 形式。 其结构如下： 主语 think consider find feel believe it useless no use no good . doing. I found it useless/no use arguing about it. 我发现争论这件事没有用。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试会有用吗？ (4)在动词 need，require，want，deserve 后，用动词- ing 形式表示被动意义， 即 need/require/wa

20、nt/deserve doingneed/require/want/ deserve to be done。 These clothes need washing.These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要 洗。 The house requires repairing.The house requires to be repaired.这座房子 需要修理。 (5)在(be) worth 后面只能用动词- ing 形式来表示被动意义。 The film is worth seeing a second time. 这部电影值得再看一次。 即学即练 3 单句语法

21、填空 (1)I remember seeing (see) her before，but I cant remember when it was. You must remember to tell (tell) Jackson the news tonight. (2)I didnt mean to visit (visit) him yesterday afternoon. Giving up your plan means losing (lose) a large amount of money. (3)All of us stopped talking (talk) when we

22、saw our teacher come in. She felt thirsty，so she stopped to get (get) a drink of water. 四、动词- ing 形式作表语 作表语的动词- ing 形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容， 与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。 One of his weaknesses is telling lies. Telling lies is one of his weaknesses. 他的缺点之一就是说谎。 His hobby is reading

23、books in his spare time. Reading books in his spare time is his hobby. 他的爱好是在业余时间读书。 2现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可 以看作形容词。 Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure. 她的表演非常有趣， 给我们带来很多乐趣。 The trip is very exciting， and we have decided to have a similar one.这次旅行很 是激动人心， 我们

24、已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。 名师点津 作表语的现在分词， 许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来 的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring， surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing.这类分词有“令人的”的含义， 常修饰物。 即学即练 4 单句语法填空 Going into hospital can be very frightening (frighten) for a child. Henrys job is teaching/to teach (teac

25、h) physics in a local middle school. Your task is cleaning (clean) the old car over there on your own. 五、动词- ing 作定语 1动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供用” 讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.在阅览室里学生 们不许大声喧哗。 2现在分词(

26、短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在 分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。 The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates. 聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。 The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance. The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for da

27、nce. 那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。 名师点津 单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放 在被修饰词后。 即学即练 5 单句语法填空 The topic being discussed (discuss) now has drawn some experts attention. Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking (walk) stick in her hand. 六、动词- ing 形式作宾语补足语 动词- ing 形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动 词- ing 形式常作以下动词

28、的宾语补足语。 1 动词- ing 位于感官动词后： feel， smell， listen to， hear， watch， see， notice， observe 等。 I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。 When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone swimming in it. 当他经过游泳池时， 他看见有人在游泳。 名师点津 动词- ing 与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义 在 see，hear，watch 等感官动词后，用动词- ing 形式作宾语补足语表示

29、动作 正在进行；用省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行) 我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。 I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)昨晚我听到 玛丽在隔壁唱歌。 2动词- ing 位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send 等。 She couldnt have him getting away with telling lies. 她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。 Pl

30、ease dont keep the little boy staying alone. 不要让这个男孩独自待着。 3用于 with 复合结构中。 I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。 即学即练 6 句型转换 As time passes by，we will have a better and better life. With time passing by

31、，we will have a better and better life. I saw that they were coming across the street. I saw them coming across the street. I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by. I stood on the bridge and watched boats passing by 七、动词- ing 形式作状语 1作时间状语。 Hearing the news，he couldnt help laughing. W

32、hen he heard the news，he couldnt help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁 不住大笑起来。 2作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. As I dont know her address，I had better telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 3作条件状语。 Working hard，youll surely succeed. If you work hard，youll sur

33、ely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。 4作结果状语。 The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door. The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door. 那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 名师点津 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式 作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加 only。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶

34、到学校，结果发现是星期天。 5作让步状语。 Having been told many times，he still didnt learn these rules by heart. Although he had been told many times，he still didnt learn these rules by heart. 尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。 6作伴随状语。 Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time. Morris lay on the grass and stared a

35、t the sky for a long time. 莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches. The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches. 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。 7作方式状语。 He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 名师点津 动词- ing 形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及 结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语

36、。 即学即练 7 句型转换(用非谓语动词转换句子) It rained heavily and it caused great damage. It rained heavily，causing great damage After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. All night long he lay awake and he thought of the problem. All night long he lay awake，thinking

37、 of the problem 8现在分词作状语时的注意事项 (1)现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)， 还是用完成式(having done)。 当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。 Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking 和谓语动词 met 同时发 生) 当现在分词的动作先发生， 而谓语动词的动作后发生时， 用分词的完成式。 Having finished the letter，he went t

38、o post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。 (having finished 是先发生的， went 是后发生的) (2)现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式， 这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间 的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。 Having been shown around the factory， they were very happy.(现在分词的被动 式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。 Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式) 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。 (3)动词- ing 形式的否定

39、式：notv.ing；not havingv.ed Not knowing this，he didnt come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 (4)现在分词作评注性状语 有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语， 它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰 整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”， judging by/from.“从判断”，taking everything into

40、 consideration“从全局考 虑”。 Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。 即学即练 8 单句语法填空 Having worked (work) for three hours，he took a rest. Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand. Having spent (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call. .

41、单句语法填空 1Talking (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important. 2The bird narrowly escaped being shot (shoot) by the hunter. 3It is no use regretting (regret) your past mistakes. 4My parents dont allow us to watch (watch) violent TV programs. 5They are planning to build a swimming (swim) pool

42、 for the kids. 6The student talking (talk) with the foreigners over there is our monitor. 7With the temperature rising (rise)，the leaves and grass begin to appear. 8Seen (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful. 9Working (work) harder at English，youll make greater progress. 10To finish (fi

43、nish) the work ahead of time，we have to work hard. .完成句子 1总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。 In a word，getting along well with your classmates is considered an important thing. 2当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。 After the man finished reading the letter，he looked at his friend. 3李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。 Li Ming has always been

44、dreaming of starting his own business in the future. 4因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再犯同样的错误。 Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manners， he made a promise that he wouldnt make the same mistake. 5因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。 Respecting his father，he didnt want to argue with him. 6被雨淋后他感冒了。 He was caught in the

45、 rain，thus making himself catch a cold 7玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book 8因为在这个村里住了很多年，我熟悉每个人。 Having lived in the village for years，I know everyone quite well. 9她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 10我们让火整夜燃烧着。 We kept the fire burning all night long.