2021新版人教版选修二英语Unit 4 教学知识细解码 同步讲解 .doc

1、1please vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)满意pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友 好的pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的pleasure n高兴(的事) 2literal adj.照字面的；原义的literally adv.字面上；真正地 3breath n呼吸的空气breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的breathe v呼 吸 4freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻 的；严寒的 5anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望anticipation n预期；期盼 6during

2、prep.在的期间；在的时候duration n持续时间；期间 1arise vi.出现；发生；产生；起床；起身 Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately. vi.起身 New problems will arise one after another in future. vi.出现 They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park. vi.起床 2highlight n最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出；强调；使醒目 Ill show

3、 you the highlights of the event. n.最好或最精彩的部分 These figures clearly highlight the difference in world living standards. vt.突出 Featured ads are placed topmost in each category and are shown highlighted. vt.使醒目 3drill vi.& vt.钻(孔)；打(眼) n. 钻(头)；训练；演习 He used a drill to bore a hole in the door. n.钻(头) T

4、he dentist drilled my tooth. vt.钻(孔)；打(眼) The soldiers have drill every day. n.训练 4thunder vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动 n雷声；轰隆声 There was a loud crash of thunder and large drops of rain started falling. n.雷声 He bowed to the thunder of applause from the audience. n.轰隆声 It thundered，but no rain fell. vi.打雷 Th

5、e guns thundered in the distance. vi.轰隆隆地响 5frost n霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt.使蒙上霜 vi.结霜 The fields have frosted up in this wintry morning. vi.结霜 The cold has frosted the windows. vt.使蒙上霜 The car windows were covered with forst. n.霜；霜冻 Words And Phrases 知识要点1 arise vi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由引起 (教材 P38) The next mo

6、rning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies. 第二天早上，这两个女孩起得很早，坐火车去路易斯湖，途经加拿大落基山 脉。 例 1 During the night a great storm has arisen. 夜里来了一场大风暴。 例 2 He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colourful in his mind. 他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。

7、 翻译 目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。 The current debate arose from/out of the concerns of parents. 知识拓展 (1)arise from/out of 由而引起；由而产生； 从中产生 arise from. 从上站起来 (2)arise 作 “ 呈 现 ； 出 现 ； 发 生 ” 之 意 时 ， 主 语 多 为 抽 象 名 词 argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement 等 即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译 I arose from the chair to answer the do

8、orbell. We often meet with a difficulty arising(arise) out of the peculiar natural conditions. As we all know，most car accidents arise out of carelessness.As we all know，most car accidents arise from carelessness. 众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。 图形助记 知识要点2 take sb.s breath away 令人惊叹 (教材 P38) When the train a

9、rrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令 她们惊叹不已。 例 1 These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！ 这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！ 例 2 Life is not the amount of breaths you

10、take，its the moments that take your breath away. 生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。 翻译 那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。 The entertainers performances often take our breath away. 知识拓展 hold ones breath 屏息；屏气 lose ones breath 喘不过气来 catch ones breath 喘口气；缓口气 take/have a deep breath 深吸一口气 out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来 即学即练 完成句

11、子 Its amazing that he can hold his breath under the water for five minutes. 令人吃惊的是，他能在水下屏住呼吸 5 分钟。 If you run very fast，you will lose your breath 如果你跑得非常快，你会气喘吁吁的。 To make the movement easier I tried to take a deep breath of fresh air. 为了活动起来更容易，我努力呼吸了一口新鲜空气。 Tired and out of breath，we reached the t

12、op of the mountain. 我们到达了山顶，累得喘不过气来。 知识要点3 bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会 (教材P38) They spent the night， and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. 她们过了一夜，然后乘坐长途汽车，向北穿越加拿大的落基山脉，来到贾斯 珀。 例 1 This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing. 这列火车是从上海开往南京的。 例 2 Who said that making a r

13、obot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble? 谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？ 翻译 他在事业上一定会成功。 He is bound to succeed in his enterprise. 知识拓展 be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事；有义务做某事 be bound for 开往；飞往；驶往 be bound up with sth. 与某事有密切关系 be bound up in sth. 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 Wed better take a plane (t

14、hat is) bound for China. We are bound to do (do) what we can to help the disabled. So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success 只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。 He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community. 他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。

15、知识要点4 freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住 (教材 P38) Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging 10 . 埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为10 。 例 1 A freezer freezes water solid. 冰箱能使水结成固体。 例 2 Water freezes at 0 . 水在摄氏零度结冰。 翻译 笑容在他们脸上僵住了。 Smiles froze on their faces. 知识拓展 freeze with 因而呆住

16、freeze to death 冻死 freeze up (某物)冻住；因紧张、害怕或兴奋 不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆 freeze sb. with a frown 皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧 即学即练 单句语法填空 She froze with horror when she saw the body. I was so nervous that I froze up Hundreds of homeless people could freeze to death this winter. 知识要点5 anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望 (教材 P39) However， they d

17、id not anticipate seeing such an open country， and were truly amazed. 然而，她们没有料到会看到这么空旷的一个国家，着实感到惊讶。 例 1 The directors anticipated a fall in demand. 董事们预感需求会降低。 例 2 I anticipate that the result will be a draw. 我预料结果会打成平局。 翻译 结果比我们原先设想的还要好。 It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticip

18、ated. 知识拓展 anticipate doing. 期望或预料做某事 it is widely anticipated that. 普遍预料 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 We anticipate seeing (see) you again soon. It is widely anticipated that she will resign. 许多人预料她会辞职。 Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 rather than 与其；不愿 (连接两个并列成分) (教材 P38) Rather than travel by commercial airline all t

19、he way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班。 句式分析：句中 rather than 连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接 不带 to 的不定式。 例 1 He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information， which must be facts rather than opinions. 他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息， 这些信息必须是事实

20、而不是个 人观点。 例 2 They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it. 他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量。 翻译 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 知识拓展 (1)rather than 连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与 rather than 前面的成分 在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)rather than 后接不定式时， 不定式可

21、以带 to， 也可以不带to， 但当 rather than 位于句首时，只能接不带 to 的不定式。 即学即练 完成句子 He was busy writing a letter rather than watching TV 他正忙于写信而不是看电视。 I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame 我认为是汤姆，而不是你应受到责备。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone Rather than telephone I decided to write. 我决定写信而不是打电话。 重点句式2 过去分词短语

22、作状语 (教材 P38) Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 透过火车车窗加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。 句式分析： 句中过去分词短语 Seen from the train window 在句中作时间状语。 例 1 Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now. 这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。 例 2 Born in a poor family，Nadi

23、a had only two years of schooling. 由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。 翻译 尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。 Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties. 知识拓展 过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。 过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。 即学即练 完成句子 Given a lot of money，he lived a better life. 给他许多钱后，他的

24、日子过得好多了。(表示原因) Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks. 如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。(表示条件) The teacher came in，followed by a group of students 老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随) The girl met with an accident when crossing the road，wounded in the head 那个女孩过马路时出了事故，头部受了伤。(表结果) 重点句式3 with 复合结构 (教材 P38) Edmonton is fre

25、ezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging 10 埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为10 。 句式分析：句中 with daily temperatures averaging 10为 with 复合结构， 在句子中作状语。 例 1 With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily. 他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。 例 2 Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut durin

26、g a snowstorm with nothing to eat. 相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。 翻译 他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。 He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling. 知识拓展 with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其 结构如下： with宾语 to do 表示将来的动作 doing 表示主动或正在进行的动作 done 表示被动或已完成的动作 prep.短语 adj.表示状态 adv.表示状态 即学即练 完成句子 In the afternoon，with n

27、othing to do，I went to the bookstore. 因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。 With the guide leading the way，we found his home easily. 因为有那位向导带路，我们很容易找到了他的家。 The man sat in the chair，with his hands tied behind his back 这个人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。 The student fell asleep with the light on 这个学生开着灯就睡着了。 1When the train arrived at the

28、 station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 分析 句中 When the train arrived at the station 为 when 引导的时间状语从 句，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty 为 where 引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Lake

29、Louise。 译文 火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常 美丽，令她们惊叹不已。 2They went through two wheat- growing provinces，where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area. 分析 句中 where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area 为 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 provinces，其中 that covered a very large a

30、rea 为 that 引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 farms。 译文 他们经过了两个种植小麦的省份，在那里他们看到了一大片农田。 教材 高考 1.Despite the weather，they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay， and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. (2019 浙江卷)He finds old military (军 队的) medals for sale in antique store

31、s and on the Internet. 2.Later，they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away. (2018浙 江 卷 )Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break. 3.The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise， passing through the Canadian Rockies. (2019 全国卷)While I hav

32、e only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise. 4.In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests ， one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures. (2019 天津卷)Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script(剧本)，or docu

33、mentary highlights. 5.They went through two wheat- growing provinces，where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area. (2019 全国卷)Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. .单句语法填空 1Airlines (airline) should stand or fall on their ability to attract passengers. 2The antiques (antique)

34、on display are all marked with dates. 3He was pleasantly (pleasant) surprised to discover that he was no longer afraid. 4Heavy Metal Music really arose (arise) in the late 60s. 5Hold your breath for a count of five，then slowly breathe (breath) out. 6 Her decision to cancel the concert is bound to di

35、sappoint (disappoint) her fans. 7Last year Collins wrote a moving ballad (情歌) which highlighted (highlight) the plight (困境) of the homeless. 8Frozen (freeze) fish is a kind of very healthy convenience food. 9The patient got off the bed，supported (support) by the nurse. 10All the afternoon he worked

36、with the door locked (lock) .短语填空 be bound up with；freeze up；take sb.s breath away；arise from；rather than 1So he arose from the ground and sat on the bed. 2He invited me to his house and the luxury took my breath away 3Your future is bound up with the fate of your motherland. 4This book is intended

37、for the general readers rather than the students. 5Every time you need to communicate with interviewer in English，you freeze up .课文语法填空 Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada 1.to visit (visit) their cousins.They decided to fly to Vancouver and then by rail rather 2.than travel by commercia

38、l airline all the way.Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights.3.The next morning，the two girls took the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests，one of their 4.highlights (highlight)

39、was being able to see many different creatures，5.including (include) deer，mountain goats，and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.From Edmonton，the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie.They did not anticipate 6.seeing (see) such an open country，and were truly 7.amazed (amaze)After an

40、other day on the train，8.eventually (eventual) they were back in the city of Winnipeg.The train 9.thundered (thunder) on，through the rolling hills.It was not until 9：30 am.10.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto.All in all，their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.