2021新版人教版选修二英语Unit 1 预习新知早知道 同步讲解 .doc

1、.匹配词义 A单词匹配 第一组 ( )1.severe An.感染；传染 ( )2.contradictory Badj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 ( )3.infection Cadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 ( )4.multiple Dn.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子 的人 ( )5.household Eadj.数量多的；多种多样的 ( )6.intervention Fadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原 始的 ( )7.raw Gadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 ( )8.substantial Hn.介入；出面；干涉 ( )9.statistic In.显微镜

2、( )10.microscope Jn. pl. 统计数字；统计资料；统计学 答案 15 BCAED 610 HFGJI 第二组 ( )1.thinking An.蛋白质 ( )2.protein Bn.病毒 ( )3.cell Cn.思想；思维；见解 ( )4.virus Dadj.最初的；开始的；第一的 ( )5.initial En.细胞；小房间；单间牢房 ( )6.framework Fn.彩虹 ( )7.rainbow Gn.框架；结构 ( )8.concrete Hn.领导；领导地位；领导才能 ( )9.mechanic In.机械师；机械修理工 ( )10.leadership

3、Jn.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的； 具体的 答案 15 CAEBD 610 GFJIH B短语匹配 ( )1.once and for all A同意；赞同 ( )2.subscribe to B幸亏；由于 ( )3.thanks to C水泵 ( )4.water pump D最终地；彻底地 ( )5.theoretical framework E(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然 开始；爆发 ( )6.break out F理论框架 ( )7.in charge of G下降；坠落 ( )e down H最重要的是；尤其是 ( )9.above all I主管；掌管 答案 15 DA

4、BCF 69 EIGH .默写单词 第一组 1subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 2proof n. 证据；证明；检验 3suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4blame vt. 把归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责 5handle n. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 6link n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把连接起来；相关联 7decrease n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 8transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi.

5、 改变；转变 9finding n. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决 10solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 第二组 1cast vt. 投射；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 2shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 3pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 4defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 5assistant n. 助理；助手 6outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 7gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 8brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 9fault n. 弱点；过错 10shift n. 改变；转换

6、；轮班 vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向 .语境填空 suspect； blame； subscribe； decrease； link； handle； pour； transform； outstanding； defend 1I subscribed to a morning paper. 2We all suspect the truth of the report. 3My brother broke the window，but I got the blame 4Do you know how to handle the machine? 5Is there a link bet

7、ween lung disease and smoking? 6The unemployment rate of the country decreased last year. 7A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom. 8Andy poured the glass full and lifted it to Bobby. 9The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 10Her late husband was an outstanding scientist. .语法填空之派生词 1If

8、the primary infection (infect) is not treated，further outbreaks may occur. 2We would resist any armed intervention (intervene) from outside in our countrys affairs. 3An accident was avoided by his quick thinking (think) 4The findings (find) of the commission have not yet been made public. 5The mecha

9、nic (machine) was busy repairing the machine. 6Ill ask my personal assistant (assist) to deal with this. 7He was praised for his firm leadership (leader) 8Their helpers are gifted (gift) with amazing powers of patience. 9He did something contradictory (contradict) to his orders. 10The blood on his s

10、hoes was a proof (prove) of his guilt. 1This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death. 这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。 2 As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰 斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治 疗霍乱。 3In general，doctors in those day

11、s had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. 一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。 4Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 5Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. 通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。 词语助读 used to 过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做 one of the most feared dis

12、eases 最可怕的疾病之一 cause severe diarrhoea 导致严重的腹泻 an outbreak of cholera 爆发霍乱 die from 死于 become frustrated 变得沮丧 in time 最后 attend to 照料；照顾 give birth 生孩子 once and for all 最终地；彻底地 in general 一般而言 two contradictory theories 两种相互矛盾的理论 an infection from germs 细菌感染 subscribe to 同意；赞同 need proof 需要证据 begin t

13、o investigate 开始调查 more than 500 people 500 多人 be determined to do.决心做某事 find out why 找出原因 mark on a map 在地图上标出 21multiple deaths 多人死亡 22house numbers 门牌号 23some households 一些家庭 24such as 例如 25free beer 免费的啤酒 26suspect vt.怀疑 27be to blame 对某事应负责任 28what is more 而且，此外 29die of 死于 30move away 搬走 31hav

14、e sth.done 使某事被做 32as a result of 由于 33accordingly adv.因此 34the handle of the pump 水泵的把手 35through this intervention 通过这种干预 36in ones tracks 立即 37moreover adv.再者，此外，而且 38a link between.and.与之间的联系 39water companies 供水公司 40raw waste 未经处理的废物 41be likely to do.很可能做某事 42get cholera 得霍乱 43boiled water 白开水

15、 44tireless efforts 不懈努力 45around the world 全世界 46a substantial decrease 大幅减少 47millions of people 数百万人 48prevent cholera 预防霍乱 49thanks to 幸亏；由于 50statistic n统计数字 51transform vt.改变 52for this reason 由于这个原因 53modern epidemiology 现代流行病学 原文呈现 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Cholera used to be one of t

16、he most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome(1) This illness causes severe diarrhoea ，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe(2)， millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor，

17、John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(3) In time ， he rose to become a famous doctor， and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth(4)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all . (1)until 引导时间状语从句，其中 how.be overcome 为宾语从句。

18、 (2)when 引导时间状语从句。 (3)because 引导原因状语从句。 (4)when 引导时间状语从句。 In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread(5)One theory was that bad air caused the disease(6)Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water(7) Snow subscribe

19、d to the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof .Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854(8)，Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days(9)He was determined to

20、find out why. (5)不定式短语作名词 theories 的后置定语， 其中 how cholera spread 为宾语从 句。 (6)that 引导表语从句。 (7) that 引导表语从句。 (8)when 引导时间状语从句。 (9)第一个 that 引导宾语从句，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived(10)There were multiple deaths 21 near the water pump i

21、n Broad Street (especially house numbers 22 16，37，38，and 40)However，some households 23 (such as 24 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer 25 ，and so had not drunk the water from the pum

22、p(11)Snow suspected 26 that the water pump was to blame 27 (12) What is more 28 ， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of 29 cholera after moving away 30 from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered 31 to her house

23、 every day(13) As a result of 32 this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs(14) Accordingly 33 ， he had the handle of the pump 34 removed so that it could not be used(15) Through this intervention 35 ，the disease was stopped in its tracks 36 . (10)where 引

24、导定语从句，修饰先行词 places，其中 who died 也是一个定语 从句，修饰先行词 those。 (11)and so 因而，连接两个并列谓语。 (12)that 引导宾语从句。 (13)固定句式 It seemed that.似乎，其中 so.that.引导结果状语从句。 (14) that 引导宾语从句。 (15)so that.引导目的状语从句。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste(16)Moreover 37 ，Snow was later abl

25、e to show a link between other cases of cholera and 38 the different water companies 39 in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste 40 (17)The people who drank this water were much more likely to 41 get cholera 42 than those who drank pure or boiled water

26、 43 (18) (16)that 引导表语从句。 (17) that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 water。 (18)who 引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为 people；第二个定语从 句的先行词为 those。 Through Snows tireless efforts 44 ，water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world 45 saw a substantial decrease 46 (19) However， cholera is still a p

27、roblem.Each year， millions of people 47 around the world get cholera and many die from it(20)Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera 48 (21)，thanks to 49 the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics 50 ， Snow transformed 51 the way scientists study diseases(22)For this rea

28、son 52 ，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology 53 (23) (19)and 连接表示顺承关系的并列句。 (20) and 连接表示顺承关系的并列句。 (21)“疑问词不定式短语”作宾语。 (22)省略关系词 that 或 in which 的定语从句，修饰先行词 the way。 (23)名词短语作主语补足语。 译文参考 约翰 斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰 斯诺展示了如何 战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19 世纪初，欧洲爆发 霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作

29、为一名年轻的医生，约翰 斯诺变得沮丧，因 为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多 利亚女王生孩子的时候照顾她。然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。 一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。有一种理 论是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。 另一种观点是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染 引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，当 1854 年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非 常严重，10 天内就有 500 多人死亡。他决心找出原因。 斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。 布罗德街的水泵

30、附近有多人死亡(尤其是门牌号 16 号、 37 号、 38 号和 40 号)。 然而， 一些家庭(如 布罗德街 20 号和 21 号，剑桥街 8 号和 9 号)没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街 7 号的 酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有喝这个水泵的水。斯诺怀疑是水 泵的问题。此外，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后 死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢这个水泵的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到 家。根据这些证据，约翰 斯诺能够宣布这个水泵的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此， 他让人把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，这种疾病的 蔓延被立即阻止了。 事实上，布罗德街的水泵的水已经被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了 其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水， 这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易 得霍乱。 在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的 威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍 乱，并且许多人因此而死亡。幸运的是，由于约翰斯诺的工作，我们现在知道 如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。