2021新版人教版选修一英语单元综合检测5（含答案）.doc

1、1 单元综合检测单元综合检测(五五) (时间：100 分钟；满分：120 分) 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Anyone who has gardened will be familiar with insects.You may not know them by name, but you know that they can do a lot of damage to plants, sometimes destroying them

2、completely.But not all insects are bad.There are many beneficial insects that can help to fight those plant- eating insects in your garden.You can attract beneficial insects to your garden by providing specific plants just for them.Beneficial insects are like teenage boys.If you feed them, they will

3、 keep coming back for more. There are a large variety of common plants and flowers that attract beneficial insects.Beneficial insects are not only attracted to plants which are infected with their insect prey, but they also tend to be selective about the plants on which they lay their eggs.Some of t

4、hese plants may already be in your garden, and others are a worthy addition. Plants with umbrellashaped flowers are very attractive to a number of beneficial insects.Queen Annes lace and dill are examples of plants that produce blooms with an umbrella shape. Green or brown lacewings and ladybugs wil

5、l also appreciate the same umbrella shaped flowers.Lacewings prefer to lay their eggs in shady areas that are protected from the weather.Theyll be happy to find some of their favourite plants in a quiet, protected corner of the garden.Lacewings lay eggs on their favorite host plants, with each tiny

6、egg appearing on the end of a thin thread attached to a leaf.Learn to recognize the beneficial insects in your garden in both their adult and larval (幼虫的) stages so you dont neglectfully destroy these little garden helpers.Tachinid flies look like hairy house flies, and they lay their eggs on caterp

7、illars (毛虫) that can do a lot of damage in a garden.Tachinid fly larvae will destroy corn earworms, cabbage worms and armyworms. 2 【语篇解读】 我们可以吸引益虫到花园里来控制病虫害， 本文主要介绍益 虫偏好的植物类型。 1What is mainly talked about in the text? AHow to protect beneficial insects. BHow to tell beneficial insects from harmful o

8、nes. CWhat kinds of plants beneficial insects like most. DWhat beneficial insects can do for us. C 综合分析全文可知，本文主要介绍益虫偏好的植物类型。 2We can attract beneficial insects by Agiving them food often Bproviding proper plants Cgiving them money often Dproviding harmful insects B 从文章第一段倒数第三句可知， 主要靠在花园里种植特定的植物来吸引 益

9、虫。 3What kinds of plants do beneficial insects like most? APlants with umbrellashaped flowers. BPlants with a lot of leaves. CPlants with sweet smells. DPlants with a lot of flowers. A 从文章第三段可知，益虫最喜欢开伞状花的植物。 4Which of the following belong to beneficial insects? ATachinid flies. BCorn earworms. CCabb

10、age worms. DArmyworms. A 从文章第四段可知，寄生蝇的幼虫寄生在害虫体内，因此是益虫。 B Salads of the future may still be served in bowls, but their ingredients (成分) might be grown in skyscrapers.Thats the hope of scientists and architects who are setting up a unique plan to feed an increasing population on a planet with limited

11、farmland. 3 “In another 40 years, therell be another three billion people.Thats the problem， ” said Dickson Despommier, a professor of public health at Colombia University.One solution is to grow everything from salad grains to main grains year round in highrise buildings at the hearts of urban cent

12、ers.This socalled vertical (垂 直的) farming could put food within easy reach for billions of people while reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) from shipping crops across continents and oceans. “It is based on technologies already in use throughout the world, mainly high tech greenhouses， ” Despommier said.

13、For example, many existing greenhouses use hydroponics, a technique for growing crops in smaller spaces using water instead of soil. But for now highrise farming remains just an idea.One challenge is how to build the greenhouses so that layers of crops get enough light to be grown in a vertical stru

14、cture.Despommier says that architects are already designing buildings to harvest the maximum amount of natural light.Whats more, by using new energy sources such as hydrothermal power (热能) and wind power， these buildings dont necessarily have to look like skyscrapers. Another consideration is creati

15、ng a vertical farm design that would be economically practical.Despommier said he was particularly interested in Eco Laboratory.It would be just 12 stories tall and would mix houses with gardens that produce food for the local neighborhood. “This was an attempt at something that seemed practical to

16、a developer， ” said project designer Myer Harrell.People might tend the crops，or they might assign the work to outside agricultural firms and later purchase the crops at a local market. Harrell believes breaking ground on Ecolaboratory or a similar small building could be probable within the next fe

17、w years, as people become more interested in self sufficiency (自足) such as growing their own food. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了垂直农业将成为未来解决粮食短缺问题的办法， 并预测了它的前景。 5According to Despommier，vertical farming can Aproduce crops with more nutrients Bprovide enough food for the world population 4 Creduce farmers cost of grow

18、ing crops Dbe helpful in slowing down global warming D 细节理解题。 从第二段最后一句可知， 垂直农业的实施将有助于降低碳 排放量，从而有利于减缓大气变暖。 6What does Harrell think of Eco- Laboratory? AExpensive. BWorkable. CFantastic. DDifficult. B 推理判断题。从倒数第二段引述的 Harrell 的话尤其是“practical”以及最 后一段第一句中的“probable”可推知，Harrell 认为垂直农业是切实可行的，故选 B。 7 All o

19、f the following are advantages of vertical farming EXCEPT that Ait creates yearround crop production Bit makes use of less farmlands Cit is far away from urban centers Dit offers opportunities of selfsufficiency for citizens C 细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句和最后一段可知，A、B、D 三项都 属于垂直农业的优点。由文章第二段倒数第二句可知， 垂直农业一般是位于市中 心的高

20、层建筑内，故 C 项表述错误。 8Which of the following would be the best title of this passage? AVertical farming: the pride of architects BSkyscrapers: the base of growing crops CHighrise farms: the future of food DGreenhouses：the promise of free carbon emissions C 标题归纳题。 本文主要介绍了垂直农业将成为未来解决粮食短缺问题的 办法，并预测了它的前景，故 C

21、 项最符合文章主旨。 C We often hear about how air pollution is changing earth temperatures.New evidence from a mountaintop in China now suggests that pollution can also change the amount of rain and snow falling in some places. 5 Usually, more precipitation (降水量) falls in mountainous places than in flat area

22、s upwind (逆风的) from the mountains.In recent years, however, many mountainous areas in the USA have been getting 25 percent less precipitation than normal.Mountains that are downwind of cities have experienced the biggest drops. Some British scientists have theorized that pollution moves from the cit

23、ies into the mountains, affecting rainfall.To get answers, scientists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (耶路撒冷) turned to a mountain in China called Mount Hua.The mountain is 2，060 metres tall and lies about 120 kilometers east of the Chinese city of Xian.Since 1954, meteorologists (气象学家) have

24、been collecting details about rainfall, humidity, and visibility (能见度) in the area.Scientists compared rainfall on Mount Hua with rainfall in the nearest city, Huayin, on days with varying levels of visibility using these dataWhen the air was clear and people could see 20 km away, the scientists fou

25、nd that 65 percent more rain fell on the mountain than in the city.But when smoggy, allowing only 8 km of visibility through the haze (薄雾), the mountain received just 20 percent more rain than the city did.The new data support the theory. Some scientists believe that there are other explanations for

26、 the numbers.For example, some believe that naturally occurring particles (颗粒) in the air rather than particles produced by pollution are affecting visibility.This is the first study to observe a connection between rainfall and changes in visibility due to air pollution.However, more studies are nee

27、ded to confirm the link. 9The scientists carrying out the study on Mount Hua are most probably from AChina Bthe USA CIsrael (以色列) DBritain C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem”可 以判断这些科学家最有可能来自以色列。 10 In the third paragraph “these data” dont include the information about Athe popula

28、tion there Bthe amount of rainfall 6 Cthe humidity Dthe visibility A 细节理解题。根据上文所提到的“.collecting details about rainfall, humidity, and visibility in the area.”可以判断不包括 A 项。 11From the last paragraph, we can learn that Ascientists havent paid enough attention to weather changes Bnot all scientists beli

29、eve that there is a connection between visibility and rainfall Cthe low visibility must be caused by the heavy air pollution Dair pollution may not be the only reason for the change of the visibility D 推理判断题。注意 B 项的迷惑性，从最后一段可以看出科学家都已知 道能见度和降雨量有关系， 在这点上没有什么分歧；而对于能见度影响雨量的原 因，他们的看法不同，一部分科学家认为是污染导致了能见度降

30、低，而另一部分 科学家认为有其他原因，比如说大气中自然存在的颗粒也会导致能见度的降低， 由此判断正确答案为 D。 12What does the passage mainly talk about? AThe factors affecting the amount of rainfall. BThe effect of air pollution on earth temperatures. CA weather study carried out on a mountain in China. DAir pollution reducing precipitation. D 推理判断题。

31、文章第一段提出污染和降水量有关， 接着开始写科学家用 数据来证明能见度越低(即污染越严重)，降水量越小，可推出 D 正确。 D Jezz and Julian Wright have become an Internet hit.The devoted parents created their own childrens programs and even built up their own channel.They believed popular programs, such as Power Rangers and In the Night Garden, were “numbing

32、” their two young childrens brains, so they decided to make their own. The creative couple were inspired to make films when Cillian was four and began asking questions about Christmas.They looked for programs to help explain, but found nothing suitable.Instead, they created a series of films based o

33、n characters called Jack and Holly best friends who learn educational value through their 7 adventures.They proved so popular with their children and friends children that the couple decided to continue. Mr Wright produces and writes the whole series of stories, which are designed for preschool chil

34、dren.Cillian performs the voice of Jack and Mrs Wright performs the voice of Holly, and their friend Graham Jones draws animation (动画制作) Later, they started their own online channel. The 70minute show can be viewed, only once it is started by parents.The couple believe this will get children to inte

35、ract (互动) with their parents and discuss the show.Mr Wright said, “Were delighted at the success we have made.We are just fed up with the unnecessary nonsense that childrens heads are filled with.We want to make something we feel happy about so that our son and daughter could happily sit down to wat

36、ch them.Jack and Hollys Christmas Countdown fulfills educational material and traditional values.And it can also catch childrens imagination.This is what weve aimed for.” The programs can be currently downloaded for free, but they also sell DVDs via their website .They set up a “shoestring budget” p

37、rogram, donating all the money they earn from selling the DVDs to childrens hospices across the UK. 【语篇解读】 Wright 夫妇自编自导了适合孩子看的动画节目 Jack and Hollys Christmas Countdown，他们甚至还在网上开设了自己的频道。 13Cillian was likely to be the name of Aa character in a cartoon Ba famous actor CJezz s friend Da child of Jezzs

38、D 推理判断题。 根据上下文可知当 Cillian 4 岁的时候， 询问父母关于圣诞 节的事情，在 Wright 夫妇搜寻可以帮助解答孩子问题的节目无果后，Mr Wright 才决定为孩子们创办适合他们的节目。因此可推断出 Cillian 应该是 Wright 夫妇 的孩子。 14Jack and Hollys Christmas Countdown Ais filled with educational material and traditional values 8 Bis very suitable for the adults to watch Cis written and per

39、formed by Julian Wright Dis popular with people of all the ages A 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段倒数第二句“Jack and Hollys Christmas Countdown fulfills educational material and traditional values.”可知，Mr Wright 自 制的节目 Jack and Hollys Christmas Countdown 富含教育意义和传统价值观。 15Which of the following is TRUE, according to the pas

40、sage? AMr Wright would like his children to watch cartoons. BPeople can download Mr Wrights programs and get DVDs for free. CFewer and fewer people care about Christmas. DMr Wrights programs get children to communicate more with parents. D 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段第一句“The 70- minute show can be viewed, only on

41、ce it is started by parents.The couple believe this will get children to interact (互动) with their parents and discuss the show.”可知，Mr Wright 的自制节 目有利于孩子和父母间的互动和交流。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选 项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Welcome Change in Your Life Do you embrace(欣然接受) t

42、he road you are now on or resist and avoid change at all costs when a recent event has shaken you greatly? Here are things you can do in the midst of uncertainty to choose differently to change the track of your life. Dont react. What do we do when we dont know what to do? First, stop, take a deep b

43、reath and dont do anything. 16 It is having faith and trusting what you do know in the unknown. Reflect on the past. Another activity is to recall times in your life when you were faced with an unknown.Then, think about how you handled the situation. 17 Use your past experiences to bring you strengt

44、h, and to remain you what you are capable of. Make conscious decisions. 9 18 However, more possibilities open up when we are at peace.Go over your list of what ifs and make a more balanced list of the best and worst situations possible.Then talk to loved ones about what you would do in each situatio

45、n and the choices you do have. 19 We often see fears as our greatest enemy, yet they provide us with an enormous opportunity for selfgrowth.What if we were to see them as friends who want to help us become a better person? Let your fears help you instead of hurting you.Then, write down what comes to

46、 you. 20 ADont panic. BBefriend your fears. CYou may be surprised by the answers. DWhen we are fearful，our options seem limited. EThen try to feel at ease with the state of “not knowing” FLearning from past failures helps you make better decisions. GRemembering these incidents will remind you that y

47、ouve gone through difficult situations. 【语篇解读】 本文叙述的是如何迎接生活中的变化。 16E 根据上文：首先，停下来，深呼吸，不要做任何事情。所以接下来 应该是： 然后试着以“不知道”的状态感到轻松自在。 First， .， then.首先， 然后。答案为 E。 17G 根据上句：然后，考虑你怎样处理这个境况。再根据空格下句： 利用过去的经历带给你力量，保留你的能力。此空的意思是：记得这些事情将会 提醒你记起你所经历的困难境况。故选 G。 18 D 根据下句： 然而， 当我们处于和平状态时， 可能会有更多的可能性。 可知上句的意思是：当我们害怕时，我

48、们的选择似乎是有限的。however 在这里 是关键词，前后是一种转折关系，故选 D。 19B 此空是一个小标题，应该是一个短小精悍的祈使句，在 A/B 中选 择。再根据下句：我们经常把恐惧看作是我们最大的敌人，然而，它们为我们提 供了一个自我成长的巨大机会。fears 是关键词，可知答案为 B 项，Befriend your fears.把恐惧当作朋友相待。 10 20 C 空格前两句是前面问句的回答： 让恐惧帮助你而不是伤害你。 然后， 写下你的感受。可知：你可能会对答案感到惊讶。故选 C。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15

49、 分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。 “When I grow up, I want to be a mountain climber， ” Jack, my fouryearold son, announces.My husband, Jack and I are now 21 Cradle Mountain.Here the sky is clear and the plants are green.We dont know how our kid will progress, but were 22 to give it a go

50、. Usually some parents，me included, would 23 that bushwalking would present a great opportunity for disaster.However, we couldnt be more 24 We are swallowed up by the wonder of the nature. My husband and I 25 glances as Jack runs ahead of us.He keeps a confident and steady 26 ， staying three or four