2021新版人教版选修一英语常考重点词语辨析与练习（上）.docx

1、常考重点词语辨析常考重点词语辨析 常考重点词语辨析（上）常考重点词语辨析（上） 1. accuse/charge accuse 和 charge 都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样 accuse 不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为 accuse sb of sth charge 般用于重大过失或罪行， 其结构为 charge sb with sth， 还有“使某人负责任” 之意。 My father accused me of my being too careless.父亲责备我太粗心。 He accused me of neglecting my duty.他指控我玩忽职守。

2、 He charged me with neglecting my duty.他指控我玩忽职守。 Jimmy was charged with murder.吉米被控谋杀。 2. elder/elderly elder 与 elderly 两者都为“年老的”，但有细微的差别。 elderly 指中年与暮年之间的年龄，表示人已过中年，因此，这词常用来代替 old。 elder 指年龄稍长者，适用于家庭的兄弟姐妹之间。 如：Tom is the elder of the two. 汤姆是两个孩子中较大的一个。 如：an elderly gentleman. 一位年长的绅士。 3. announce

3、/declare declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。 例：The chairman declared the exhibition open. （主席宣布展览会开幕。） announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。 例：The government announced that the danger was past. It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用 announce

4、to sb. sth. 例：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.” （他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”） 4. alive/live/living alive, live, living 这些形容词均有活着的，活的之意。 alive: 其反义词为 dead，指生命从奄奄一息到精力旺盛的各种状态。 live: 通常作定语，指活生生的，生气勃勃的，还可表示现场直播的。 living: 其反义词为 dead，指包括人和动植物的生

5、命没有消失、仍然存在的状态。 lively: 充满活力的；活泼的 例如：例如： This is my favourite live album 这是我最喜爱的现场专辑。 I never expected to feel so alive in my life again. 我怎么也没想到自己会再一次这样活力 焕发。 He has a lively sense of humour and appears naturally confident. 他有一种活泼外向的幽默感，看上去大方自信。 4. agree with/agree to/agree on agree with 同意，赞成（后接“人”

6、或 what 从句作宾语）；适合，适应；一致 例：I dont quite agree with you. 例：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting. 例：The weather here doesnt agree with most of us 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。 例：Your words do not agree with your action 你的言行不一 agree to 同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等 例：John cant agree to Joes idea. agree on 对

7、达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如： 例：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan. 5. argue/quarrel argue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。 如：What are you arguing about? I argued with him the whole day. quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。 Its unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. 为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。 6. arrive/reach/get 都有“到达”的意

8、思 arrive 通常与介词 at 或 in 连用，它和 reach 是比较正式的用语； get 通常与介词 to 连用，在口语中常用。 arrive 和 get 后接副词如 here, there, home 等时，不用介词。 reach 是及物动词； reach 和 arrive at 还有“达成协议，做出决定”的意思。 例 When we arrived at the station, the train had left. At five, they arrived in Beijing. The letter didnt reach me until yesterday. At wh

9、at time did you get to the post office? The two sides failed to reach/arrive at an agreement after several hours discussion. 几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见 7. ask/inquire/question ask：问 ask sb. sth.或 ask sth. of sb.；请求 ask sb. to do sth.；要索取 ask for sth. May I ask you some questions? Why did he ask you to co

10、me again? Did he ask for anything? inquire：问，询问。它与 ask 同义，但是比较正式的用语；与 into 连用时，表示“查究， 调查” I have inquired of him whether he could help me. 我已经问过他能否帮我。 We must inquire into the matter. look into，我们必须调查此事。 question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。 At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher b

11、egan to question them. I question whether he was once questioned by the police. 8. be familiar with/be familiar to be familiar with：对熟悉。 Most of us are familiar with the pop star. John was very familiar with this kind of situation. be familiar to：对来说是熟悉的；为所熟知。 The pop star is familiar to most of us.

12、 This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar) 9. catch/seize/hold/catch hold of catch：抓住，捉住；赶上车。常指从空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。 He caught the ball and shot the basket. 他抓住球，投篮。 We caught lots of fish today. I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. seize：抓住 指用力猛抓；捉拿，逮捕。 Its a pit

13、y that I didnt seize the chance. Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station. hold：握住，手持，抱着。 She was holding an umbrella. At that moment I held him by the arm. 就在这一刻我抓住了他的手臂。 catch hold of：抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相当于 get hold of。 Be sure to catch hold of the rope. 10. collect/gather gathe

14、r：收集，聚集；采摘。指把零散的东西集中到一起。宾语通常可以是人，也可以 是物。 She is gathering wild flowers in the field. Please gather the students for me. He wants to gather money for a motorbike. 他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。 collect：收集，集合。指精心地、有选择地收集；作为该意思时，其宾语只能是物。 Are you fond of collecting stamps? They are collecting money for the kids in those p

15、oor areas. 他们正在为贫困地区的孩子们集资。 注意：作为不及物动词时，两者可以互用。 Well gather/collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow. 11. compare with/compare to compare with：把和相比。 compare to：比喻为，把比作；把和相比。 Can you compare this word with that one? Young people are usually compared to the rising sun. 年轻人常被比作初升的太阳 comp

16、ared to/with：比起来，与相比。过去分词短语作状语，介词用 to/with 均可。 Compared to/with other people, you were indeed very fortunate. 比起其他人，你算够幸运的了。 12. contain/include contain：包含全部，容纳。 include：包括部分。 Senior Book One contains twelve units, including two chosen from the old textbook. This atlas contains forty maps, including

17、 three of Great Britain. 这地图集含有四十幅地图，包括英国地图三幅在内。 How much does this bottle contain? 这瓶能装多少？ 13. cost/spend/pay/buy/charge/sell cost：花费，付出代价。以事物做主语，即 sth+ cost + (sb) + 金钱、时间、劳力或其他 代价。 The book cost me $10. Careless driving cost him his life. 粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。 spend：花费。主语是人，可以指花金钱，也可以指花时间。 sb. + spend

18、+时间+ (in) + v.-ing/sb. + spend +金钱 (时间) + on sth. I spent $10 on the book. I spent two hours (in) finishing the composition. take: 花费时间或金钱 it takes sb. +时间/金钱+ to do sth. It took me two hours to finish the composition. pay：付款 pay for sth. I paid $10 for the book. charge：收费 charge sb. money for sth.

19、They charged me $10 for the book. 买这本书，他们收我十美元。 sell：卖。 sell sth. for money They sold me the book for $10 （答题时间：（答题时间：40 分钟）分钟） 一、单项选择一、单项选择 1. It is the _ for Westerners to celebrate Christmas. A. habit B. manner C. custom D. way 2. Most parents think that computer games have a bad _ on their child

20、ren. A. expression B. influence C. impression D. conclusion *3. She will _ an important meeting next week. A. join B. take part in C. join in D. attend 4. Recently CCTV station has made a program that reviews the important _ of the past 20 years. A. affairs B. events C. incidents D. matter 5. The te

21、acher gave them _ to arrive early tomorrow morning. A. descriptions B. instructions C. introductions D. constructions 6. She was so _ when she saw the snake and let out a loud cry immediately. A. frightened B. disappointed C. energetic D. anxious *7. A horrible thought _ him when he was waiting for

22、Tom in the airport: what if the plane from Malaysia had been hijacked（劫持）? A. attacked B. struck C. beat D. occurred 8. My lawyers hourly（每小时的）_ is 130 dollars. A. fee B. cost C. fare D. money 9. The doctor tried to _ him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen. A. advise B. suggest C. agree D. pe

23、rsuade *10. Your basketball team _ our team yesterday, but we _ the game this afternoon. A. beat; beat B. beat; won C. won; won D. won; beat 二、阅读七选五 Do you keep getting fired? You say you dont have any idea why this keeps happening to you. It must be that all your ex-bosses were losers or that you j

24、ust had bad luck, right? Hmm. Thats probably not it. Take an honest look at your behavior and ask yourself if you might be to blame for your repeated job loss. Only after you do this can you take the actions necessary to change this pattern. 11. _ 12. _ Do you take pride in your work or do you not c

25、are how it turns out? If you are more interested in simply completing a project than in doing it well, you may have just found the root of your problem. Most bosses do not want to pay employees (雇员) whose work is poor. If you are careless or if you make a lot of mistakes, you will have to change you

26、r ways. You Arent Completing Work on Time 13. _ As they say, time is money. Employees who cant complete work as quickly as required cause problems for their employers. Is this your problem? You can solve it by improving your time management (管理) skills. Learn how to perfect your work. You Dont Get A

27、long with Your Co-workers Are you always getting into disagreements with your co-workers? *14. _ As workers become distracted (注意力分散的) from their work, productivity declines. Obviously this concerns employers who will want to fire anyone responsible for the disagreement. 15. _ you dont even have to

28、like them all but if you dont want to keep getting fired, try to have good working relationships (关系). A. Do you find it difficult to stick to deadlines? B. You Arent Doing Your Work Well C. You Are Unwilling to Take on Difficult Projects D. Lets explore some things that may be causing you to keep g

29、etting fired. E. When employees dont get along with one another, workplaces suffer. F. You dont have to love everyone with whom you work. G. If you are unable to manage your anger at work, your boss is likely to see you as a trouble. 三、阅读理解 During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed s

30、haring my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I

31、soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start in

32、terpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Th

33、ose who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior. ” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the high

34、est in status based on student surveys （调查研究） . “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite

35、effect on us. Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion

36、: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 16. What sort of girl was the author in her early year

37、s of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. *17. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior 18. What did Dr. Prinstei

38、ns study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. *19. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice-You Wont Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C.

39、Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 一、单项选择 1. C 解析： custom 意为“传统， 习俗” （指某个民族的） ； 而 habit 是指个人的习惯； manner 意为“方式，方法；态度，风度”；way 则指“方式，手段；道路”。根据句子意思“西方人庆 祝圣诞节是一种传统和习俗”，所以应选 C。 2. B 解析：expression 表情，表达；influence 影响；impression 印象；conclusion 结论。 句意：大部分的父母都认为电脑游戏对孩子有不好的影响。固

40、定搭配 have an influence on 对有影响。故 B 正确。 3. D 解析：句意：下周她将参加一个重要会议。参加会议 attend a meeting。 4. B 解析：句意：近来，中央电视台做了一个节目对过去 20 年重大的事件进行评 论。affair 个人的事情；event 重大事件；incident 小事；matter 麻烦事。 5. B 解析：句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。instruction 指示；说明，常用作复数， 符合题意。description 描述；introduction 介绍；construction 建造，建筑物。 6. A 解析：句意：当她看到蛇

41、时，吓得立即大声叫起来。frightened 惊恐的；disappointed 失望的；energetic 精力旺盛的；anxious 担心的。 7. B 解析：句意：当他在机场等待汤姆的时候，突然有了一种可怕的想法，如果从马来 西亚的飞机被劫持怎么办？strike sb.“某人突然想起”，如果用 occur，应该是 occur to sb. A 项 attack 袭击，beat 击败，所以选 B。 8. A 解析：句意：我每小时的律师费是 130 美元。fee 指给医生，律师等的费用；cost 成本；fare 汽车，出租车等的费用；money 钱。 9. D 解析：advise 劝说； su

42、ggest 建议，后不能接不定式作宾补；agree 同意；persuade 说服。句意：那位医生设法说服他戒烟，但是他不听。根据句意选 D。 10. B 解析：句意：你们的篮球对昨天打败了我们队，但今天下午我们赢了比赛。beat 打败，宾语是人或团队；win 赢，宾语是比赛、奖牌等。 二、阅读七选五 本文是篇说明文。文章简要介绍了几种老板可能解雇你的原因。 11. D 根据下文中的几个小标题可知，此空应该是总结概括可能被老板解雇的原因。因此 D 项“让我们看看有哪些事情可能导致你总是被解雇”符合语境。 12. B 从本段中的 poor，careless，mistakes 等关键词可以看出，本段

43、主要讲你的工作做得 不好，故选 B。 13. A 根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲无法准时完成任务。A 项“你认为在最后期限 前完成任务困难吗”与小标题相呼应，故选 A。 14. E 根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲同事之间的相处，故 E 项“当你和同事不能和 谐相处的话， 工作场所就会变糟”符合语境。 另外， E 项的句型也和该空后一句的句型相似。 15. F 根据空后的“you dont even have to like them all”可知，F 项“你不必喜欢和你一起工 作的每一个人”符合语境。 三、阅读理解 16. C 推理判断题。根据第一段 During the rosy yea

44、rs of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status（在美好的小学时光里，我 喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在小学早期 时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind 不友善的;lonely 寂寞的;generous 慷慨的;cool 冷静的，故选 C。 17. A 主旨大意题。 第二段 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts

45、the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. （临床心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 将受欢 迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。 ） 是段落主题句， 本段内容分别对 the likable 和 the status seekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选 A。 18. B 推理判断题。根据第四段 It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，可爱

46、可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选 B。 19. A 主旨大意题。 通过阅读全文内容， 尤其是最后一段， 可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎， 讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项 A“对别人好最终，你的收获 无穷无尽”一致，故选 A。 常考重点词语辨析（下）常考重点词语辨析（下） 1. cure/treat/heal cure：治愈疾病，后常接介词 of。 The new medicine cured (him of) his heart trouble. 这种新药治愈了他的心脏病。 treat：治疗

47、。强调用药物或医疗手段进行医治的过程，并不表示治疗的结果。后常接介 词 for。另外还有“对待”的意思，后常接 as。 It was difficult to treat patients (for their diseases) because of a shortage of medicine. 由于缺 少药物，所以很难给病人治疗。 He treats the orphan as his own son. 他把那个孤儿当作自己的亲生儿子看待。 heal：治愈外伤。 It took three months for my arm to heal properly. 2. die of/die

48、 from die of：死于。常指由于疾病、饥饿、情感等原因而死亡。 Many of them died of hunger during the voyage. The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death. die from：死于。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡，及因某种具体疾病造成 的死亡。 In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air. It is said that he died fr

49、om/of heart attack. 3. discover/invent/create discover：发现(它的对象原来就存在) invent：发明(被发明的东西原来不存在) create：创造 It is well known that Madame Curie discovered the element radium. As is known to all, Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. As we know, Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays. 4. disturb/interrupt/trouble disturb：打扰，扰乱使无法正常进行。 The loud noise disturbed his thought. interrupt：打扰；打断，中断。 Sorry to interrupt you, but I have an urgent message. trouble：使麻烦，指心情上苦恼或行动上带来不便。 Never trouble