2019新人教版高中英语选修第二册unit4 知识盘点.docx

1、Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND 一、重点短语一、重点短语 1.please vt.使高兴;使满意 pleased adj.高兴的;满意的 pleasing adj.令人愉快的 pleasure n.愉悦;快乐 She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对自己的考试成绩非常满意。 2.arise from/out of 由引起/产生;从中产生 The countrys present difficulties arise from/out of the shortage of petroleum. 这个国家当前的

2、困境是由石油短缺造成的。 【温馨提示】 arise为 不 及 物 动 词 , 表 示 “ 出 现 , 发 生 ” 时 , 主 语 一 般 为 argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problem,quarrel,trouble 等抽象名 词,无被动语态。 3.(1)hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 catch ones breath 喘息;恢复正常呼吸 lose ones breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 take sbs breath away 令人惊叹 out of breath 上气不接下气 4.be b

3、ound to do 一定会做;注定会做 be bound for 准备去 When you are dealing with so many problems,mistakes are bound to happen. 当你处理那么多问题的时候,肯定会出错。 5.freeze vt.(使)冻住 frozen adj.冷冻的;冷藏的 freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室 Its so cold that even the river has frozen. 天气冷得河都封冻了。 6.anticipate problems/difficulties 预见问题/困难 anticipate doing

4、sth 预料做某事 It is anticipated that 人们预料 It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications. 预计这项研究将有许多不同的实际应用。 7. (1)prefer to do sthratherthan do sth would do sthratherthan do sth would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 (2)or rather 更确切地说 other than 除之外(常用于否定句中) m

5、ore than 超过;多于 The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself. 这个表格不能由除你以外的任何人签字。 【温馨提示】 rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前 面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 8.a number of “许多”,后接可数名词的复数形式。 He has a number of interests,ranging from playing chess to swimming. 他的爱好很多,下棋、游泳都有涉猎。 【词汇拓展】 “a number of

6、+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+ 复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 9.contrary to 与相反 on the contrary 相反 Contrary to expectation,he didnt win in the contest. 与预期相反,他在竞赛中没有获奖。 10.in 表示在某范围内,on 指与某地毗邻,to 指在某环境范围之外。 Changchun is in the northeast of China. 长春在中国的东北部。(范围之内) Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古在中国的北

7、面。(范围之外,接壤) Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。(范围之外,不接壤) 【词汇拓展】 off 表示“离一些距离”或“离不远的海上”。 New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia. 新西兰位于澳大利亚的东海岸。(离开一段距离) 11.proceed with sth 继续做某事 proceed to do sth 继续做某事 proceed towards/to 朝行进 Were not sure whether we still want to proceed with the s

8、ale. 我们不确定是否还要继续促销。 12.(1)It astonishes sb that.令某人惊讶的是 (2)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj.感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth 因/对某事感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 (3)astonishment n.惊讶 to ones astonishment 使某人惊奇的是 13.advertise vt.做广告 advertiser n.广告商;广告人员 If you want to attract more customers,t

9、ry advertising in the local paper. 如果你想要吸引更多顾客,就试试在当地报纸登广告。 14.owe sth to sb 欠(某人情);把归功于某人 owe it to sb that.把归功于某人 owing to 因为;由于 I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family. 我很感激我的家人。 二、二、重点句式重点句式 1.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto. 直到上午 9 时 30 分,他们

10、才终于到达多伦多的首府安大略省。 【句式剖析】本句是一个强调句,强调的是句子的时间状语 until 9:30。 含有 not.until.的句子的强调句为 It is not until.that.,that 后面的句 子要用肯定形式。 2.They must have spent a pleasant evening together. 他们在一起一定度过了一个愉快的夜晚。 【句式剖析】句中的 must have been 是 must have done 结构,表示对过 去事情的肯定推测,译成“过去一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。 You must have read widely a

11、nd put a lot of work into it. 你过去一定进行了广泛阅读并投入了大量的工作。 【句式拓展】 (1)表示对过去发生的事情否定或疑问的推测要用 can 或 could。 Mr Smith cant have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 (2)may/might have done也可表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能 已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。might 与 may 意思相同,但可能性 更小。 What has happen

12、ed to George? 乔治发生了什么事? I dont know.He may have got lost. 我不知道,他可能迷路了。 3.Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. 中国人来这里已经一百多年了。 【句式剖析】本句是一个现在完成进行时结构,表示动作从过去某时 开始,一直延续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也有可能继续进行下去。 Im sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this

13、year. 我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩,因为这一年里你一直用功 学习。 4.It is said that a person who travels far knows more. 人们说读万卷书不如行万里路。 【句式剖析】 It 是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,在主语从句中有一 个 who 引导的定语从句。It is said that.意为“据说”。 It is thought that.据认为 It is believed that.人们相信 It is reported that.据报道 It is hoped that.人们希望 It is well-known that.众所周知