2019新人教版高中英语必修第一册词汇表Unit 5含教材例句及词汇用法讲解.docx
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- 2019新人教版高中英语必修第一册词汇表Unit 5含教材例句及词汇用法讲解 2019 新人 高中英语 必修 一册 词汇表 Unit 教材 例句 词汇 用法 讲解 下载 _必修 第一册_人教版(2019)_英语_高中
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1、1 2019 人教版高一英语新教材必修一词汇表 (含教材例句及词汇用法讲解) 本词汇表主要特色: 1.呈现教材原文例句,重视词汇在语境中的运用。 2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲,深度和广度适中,条理清晰,系统完整。 3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句,例句具有典型性和示范性。 4.展示高考真题,揭示高考命题角度和思路。 5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。 Book 1 Unit 5 1.billion / bljn / n. 十亿 How many billion people speak the UN s official languages as their nat
2、ive or second language? 有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言?(P60) They have spent billions of dollars on the problem . 他们花了几十亿美元解决这个问题。 【拓展】 表数量的词的用法 dozen(十二),score(二十),hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万), billion(十亿) 之前有确切的数字时,用单数形式;没有确切的数字时,用复数形式,而且多和 of 连用。 two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs 几十个鸡蛋 2 five
3、 hundred people 五百人 hundreds of people 数百计的人 three billion years 30 亿年 billions of years 数十亿年 2.native / netv / adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人,即使他们所讲不是同一种英语,他们也能彼此听懂。 China is our native country, and Chi
4、nese is our native language. 中国是我们的祖国,汉语是我们的母语。 Australians are proud of their native wildlife. 澳大利亚人为他们的野生动物感到骄傲。 be native to. 原产于某地 The panda is native to China. 大熊猫产于中国。 n.本地人 a native of 当地人/产于的动/植物 He is a native of Beijing. 他是北京人。 3.attitude / ttju:d ; NAmE titu:d/ n. 态度;看法 What is the attitu
5、de of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 演讲者对外语学习的态 度是什么?(P60) Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age. 美是一种态度,与年龄无关。 a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度 Remember, keep a positive attitude and good things will happen. 记住:保持乐观的心态,好事自然会发生。 an attitude to /towards 对
6、 .的态度 We should develop a good attitude to/towards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。 3 4.reference / refrns / n. 指称关系;参考 She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans. 她没有提到她的病,只说了她未来的计划。 I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference. 我记下了这家酒店的名字,以后也许用得着。 reference books 参考书 There a
7、re several reference books to help you make your choice. 有几本参考书帮你作出选择。 5.refer/ rf:(r) / (referred , referred , referring) vi.提到;参考;查阅 refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. 代词(it, they, she, etc.)指前面提到的某物或某人。 (P60) Pay attention to the
8、 context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 注意 单词的上下文,帮助你理解代词指代什么。 (P60) In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. 他在讲演中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。 That remark does not refer to her. 那句话不是指她说的。 Dont refer to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了. You may refer to your notes if you want.
9、 如果需要,可以查阅笔记。 refer to a dictionary 查词典 Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word. 当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时,查阅一下词典. vt.查询;叫求助于 4 For further details I refer you to my secretary. 详情请问我的秘书。 6.system / sstm / n.体系;制度;系统 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT 汉语书写系统:连接
10、过去和现在(P62) solar system 太阳系 a transport system 运输系统 educational system 教育体制 ecosystem 生态系统 People think that there are many shortcomings in our educational system. 人们认为我们的教育制度有很多缺陷。 The global warming will surely influence the ecosystem. 全球变暖一定会影响生态系统。 As the public transport system cant satisfy peo
11、ples needs, many people turn to private cars. 因为公共交通系统不能满足人们的需求,许多人转向了私家车。 7.civilisation NAmE -ization /svlazen / n. 文明;文明世界 China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modem times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 中国以其古老的文明而闻名,它 一直延
12、续到现代,尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏。 (P62) Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. 雅典是希腊的首都,作为西方文明的发源地而文明。 The Yangtze is one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilisation. 长江是中华文明的母亲河之一。 【拓展】 (1)civilize / svlaz / vt. 使文明;使开化;启发 Knowledge can civilize people. 知识能够使人有教养。 The
13、 wild child found in the forest was gradually civilized 5 在森林里发现的野孩子逐渐被开化了。 (2)civilized /svlazd/ adj. 文明的;有教养的 A unified writing system is considered to be an important part of civilised society. 统一的书写系统被认为是文明的重要组成部分。 (P63) Many volunteers are playing an active part in making Jinan a civilized city
14、. 许多志愿者正为济南建设文明城市发挥积极作用。 He was very kind and civilized. 他非常和蔼可亲,十分文雅。 8.despite / dspat / prep. 即使;尽管 despite the many ups and downs in its history 尽管在历史上有许多起起伏伏(P62) Despite all these differences, lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. 尽管有这些差异,生活方式变化可能在影响法国的饮食习惯。 Despite applying
15、 for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. 尽管他申请了数百个工作,但仍然在失业中。 despite the fact that 尽管 She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 尽管她认为物理枯燥无味,她却学得很好。 despite /in spite of(doing)sth = although/though+从句 尽管 He always did well at school despite /in spite of doing part-tim
16、e jobs every now and then. = He always did well at school although/though he did part-time jobs every now and then. 尽管偶尔做兼职,他在学校总是学习成绩很好。 【注意】 despite 和in spite of是介词,其后接名词或动名词做宾语,而although/though是连词,其 后要接句子,引导让步状语从句。 6 9.ups and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱 When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember t
17、hat life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups would mean nothing. 当生活很艰难,你想要放弃的时候,请记 住,生活充满了起起落落,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。 The relationship between China and America has seen ups and downs in the past fifty years. 在过去的 50 年里,中美两国关系跌宕起伏。 10. factor / fkt(r)/ n. 因素;要素 There are many reas
18、ons why this has been possible but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system . 这种可能是有很多原因的, 但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。(P62) Physical activity is an important factor in keeping healthy. 进行体育活动是保持身体健康的一个重要因素。 Knowledge is one of the important factors for a countrys development. 知识是一个国家发展的重要因素之一
19、。 11. base /bes/ vt. 以.为据点;以.为基础 base on/upon be based on/upon 以为基础;以为根据 I based my opinion on facts. = My opinion was based on facts. 我的看法是以事实为根据的。 Their marriage was based on love and respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。 Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just read. 第 16 到 18 个问题来源于你刚 刚读过的
20、这段文章。 n. 底部;根据 ;基础 the economic base 经济基础 Plants are the base of the food chain. 植物处于食物链的最底层。 7 12.based /beist/ 以(某事)为基础的; 以为重要部分(或特征)的 At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. 起初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 (P62) a Chicago-based company 总部设在芝加哥的公司 【注意】 直接可以用based on 作定语或状语。 His uncle
21、is going to make a film based on his story in his childhood. 我的叔叔打算拍一部以他的童年故事为基础的电影。 Based on a true story, the film deeply moved us. 以一个真实的故事为基础,这部影片深深打动了我们。 【拓展】 basic /besk/ adj. 基本的;首要的 The basic forms of the English writing system are known as letters. 英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。 (P63) Sleep is, after all,
22、 a very basic need. 毕竟,睡眠是非常基本的需要。 Basic skills of reading and writing are needed in communication. 沟通中需要基本的读写技能。 basic education 基础教育 13.date back to . 追溯到 (= date from) It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu . 它可以追溯到数千年前龙骨的使用. . (P62) Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirte
23、enth century. 牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。 What time can the marathon date back to? 马拉松可以追溯到何时? Our school dates from the 1950s. 我们的学校创办于 20 世纪 50 年代。 8 【注意】 date back to . / date from 不用于进行时, 也不用于被动语态中, 但可以用现在分词形式作 定语。 My family has a vase dating back to the Ming Dynasty. 我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。 14.bone / bn / n. 骨头;
24、骨(质 ) .animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 中国古代人在动物骨骼和贝壳上雕刻符号。 (P62) Many passengers suffered broken bones in the accident. 在事故中许多乘客骨折。 This fish has a lot of bones in it. 这种鱼多刺。 15.shell /el / n.壳;壳状物 We collected shells on the beach. 我们在海滩拾贝壳。 16. symbol
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