人教版（2019新教材）必修第三册unit4重点句式和语法讲解.docx

1、UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 本单元句法 1.Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment,but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training. 宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空设备,还要进行大量的心理和体能训 练。 【句式剖析】句型 not only.but also.是并列连词,在句中常用来连接 两个对等的成分,着重强调后者,also 可以省略。 【句式拓展】 (1)not only.but also.用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强

2、调后 者。 (2)可连接两个并列的句子。 若 not only 位于句首时, not only 后面的句 子要用部分倒装。 (3)若连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致。 so as to (do sth)为了;以便 【词汇拓展】(1)so as to=in order to,但 so as to 一般不用在句首。 (2)in order to和so as to引导的目的状语可转换为so that或in order that 引导的目的状语从句,从句中常含有情态动词。 He bought an iPad so as to/in order to surf the Inter

3、net. =He bought an iPad in order that/so that he could surf the Internet. 为了上网,他买了一个 iPad。 make sb do sth 使某人做某事 be made to do sth 被迫做某事 The boss made them do very heavy work. 老板让他们干很重的工作。 They were made to do very heavy work. 他们被迫干很重的工作。 2.China became the third country in the world to independentl

4、y send humans into space in 2003,when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 2003年,杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船成功绕地球飞行,中国成为世界上第 三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。 【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是 China became the third country.,when 引导的是定语从句。不定式短语 to independently send humans into space in 2003 作后置定语修饰名词 the third count

5、ry。当被 修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级及 the only,the very 修饰时,常 用不定式作定语。 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 1969 年 7 月他成为第一个登上月球的人。 3.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. 太空行走时,宇航员必须缓慢地移动,这样他们的身体才能得到控制。 【句式剖析】so that=in order that,意

6、为“以便”,引导目的状语从句,从句 中常用 may,can,could 等情态动词。 【句式拓展】 so that 也可引导结果状语从句,从句中一般没有情态动词。 He worked hard at his lessons,so that he gained high grades in the exams. 他努力学习,结果考试获得了好成绩。 4.it would take over two years to get to the closest planet,Mars,and back. 到达最近的行星,火星,并返回,需要超过两年的时间。 【句式剖析】It takes/took sb so

7、me time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某 人时间”。 It takes a long time to get from London to Sydney. 从伦敦到悉尼花了很长时间。 【句式拓展】 sb + spend.on sth/in doing sth sth + cost sb. sb + pay + 钱 + for sth Its going to cost me over 100,000 dollars to buy several new trucks. 买几辆新卡车将花掉我 10 万多美元。 I spent ten yuan on the book/in buyi

8、ng the book. =The book cost me ten yuan. =I paid ten yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元钱买这本书。 5.Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away. 全球各国在无论是火星还是其他更远的行星的太空任务上花费了数 十亿美元和大量时间。 【句式剖析】whether.o

9、r.意为“是还是”,whether 表示一种 选择,其后可以跟介词短语或不定式短语。 She made the mistake whether by accident or by design. 不知她是偶然还是故意去犯这个错误的。 【句式拓展】 (1)whether.or.意为“是还是”,引导名词性从句。 Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear. 他们是否考虑这个意见还不清楚。 I wonder whether we shall be in time for the last bus or have to walk hom

10、e. 我不知道我们是否可以赶上最后一班公共汽车,或是只好步行回家。 (2)whether.or.意为“无论还是”,引导让步状语从句。 Whether you can see the moon or not,it is always round. 不论你能否看得见,月亮总是圆的。 本单元语法 动词不定式作定语和状语 一、动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后,和被修饰的名词或 代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系等。 1.主谓关系 The future to greet us will be bright. 我们的未来会十分美好的。 He is always t

11、he first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来,最后一个离开。 2.动宾关系 On Sundays,he always has a lot of letters to write. 星期天,他总是有许多信要写。 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了许多道题要解答。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可交朋友的人。 注意:由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,因此,如果 该不定式是不及物动词

12、,其后应有必要的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 Brown has something important to deal with at present. 目前布朗有重要的事情要处理。 3.同位关系 He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly. 他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。 4.修饰关系 Now it is t

13、ime to begin our class. 现在是上课时间了。 I need somewhere to take a nap. 我需要一个地方打个盹。 Is that the way to open the can? 那就是打开罐头的方法吗? 二、动词不定式作状语 作状语 用法 例句 表示 目的 动词不定式作目 的状语 We work hard to be admitted into key university. 我们努力学习以便进入重点大学。 in order to do作目 的状语 In order to pass the driving test,he practiced very

14、 hard. 为了通过驾驶考试,他努力练习。 so as to do 作目的 状语 He got up very early so as to get to the airport on time. 他起得很早以便能按时到达飞机场。 作状语 用法 例句 表示 结果 only to do 常表示出乎 意料的结果 He hurried to the railway station only to find the train had left. 他到达火车站却发现火车开走了。 .enough to do;too.to do;so.as to do He is old enough to join the army.他到了参军 的年龄了。 The girl is so kind as to help the old man.那个 女孩很善良,他帮助了那位老人。 表示 原因 to do 直接 表示原因 He was astonished to hear the news.听到那个 消息他很震惊。 Tom was very happy to be elected monitor of the class. 汤姆被选为班长很高兴。