新人教版（2019）必修三 Unit1 核心词汇和重要短语的用法.doc

1、Unit1 Festivals 核心词汇核心词汇 单元核心词汇用法（旨在提供综合运用所需材料） .词语辨析词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1.Discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and what people do at that time. 辨析: take place,happen,break out 均表示“出现，发生” ，均为不及物动词，没有被动语态，不能直接跟宾语 take place 发生、碰巧:有意向性的举行，生发, 侧重有一定原因，或按照计划,安排举行的事情(发生了)。 happen:

2、发生、想到、突然想起偶然性的突发，偶发。侧重没有预料到的事情，碰巧的事（出现了） 。 happen to sb /sth. 某人某事发生什么事 happen to do sth 碰巧：It happens that碰巧，恰巧 break out 爆发.强调其出人意料，指火灾、战争、疾病等(突然爆发了) occur 突然地发生想起。某事，某想法出现在人的头脑中，常与介词 to 连用。 sth occurs to sb 某人想到某物 It occurred/pccurs to sb. +that 从句 某人突然想起某事 come about:发生、产生:常指已发生的事,还不知道为什么(多与 how

3、 连用，用于疑问和否定句),与 happen 用法接近。 【练习】根据句子的意思翻译或按要求填词。 1). Great changes have_ (发生) in our hometown during the past ten years. 2). _ (我突然想起) I saw him on my way home yesterday. 3). I _ (碰巧) to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterday. I was in such a hurry that I had no time to ask what had h

4、appened _ (介词) her? 4). When the Second World War _ (爆发), Tom was only a newborn infant. 5). I ll never understand how it _ (发生) that you were late three times a week. 6). A big earthquake _ (发生) in the south of China last year. 答案：1). taken place 2). It occurred to me that 3). happened; to 4). brok

5、e out 5). came about 6). occurred / happened 2. celebrate / congratulate 【解释】celebrate“庆祝” ，后面跟某个节日或物。congratulate“祝贺”: congratulate sb. on (doing)sth.“祝贺某人某事” 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). We all _ Jessica on her winning the first prize in the writing competition. 2). At Christmas the people in the we

6、stern countries will _ the birth of Jesus. 3). Lets hold a party to _ your birthday and at the same time _ you _ your passing the examination. 答案： 1). congratulated 2). celebrate 3). celebrate; congratulate; on 3. gather / collect【解释】这两词用不及物动词时用，常可互换，都表 “ 聚集；聚拢 ” 。 gather 用途较广泛,可用于人、物或抽象事物，如人群的集合,财产

7、,文件,书籍等的收集。强调将分散的东西收集在一起。 collect 强调为了研究目的而做的有鉴别,有计划的收集,并指为了爱好而做的有条理的安排,对某些事物进行逐渐的收集 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The dustmen_the rubbish once a week. 2). A group of people were_ at the accident spot. 3). She_up her scattered belongings and left. 4). So when did you start_antique glass? 答案： 1). collec

8、t 2). gathering/(collecting) 3). gathered/collected 4). Collecting 4. award / reward 【解释】award n.“奖品” 、 “奖金” ，指因为作出杰出成就而受奖 win/get/receive an award for sth. vt.“授与” 、 “颁发” 、 “判给” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. reward n.赏金,报酬 as a reward vt.报答、酬谢 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth. 【练习】根据句

9、子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). They _ John the first prize in the contest. 2). Is that how you _ me for my help? 3). The film won an _ _ its photography. 答案：1). awarded 2). reward 3). award; for II核心词汇用法核心词汇用法 1.mean means n. 手段,方法 E-mail is an efective means of communication.电子邮件是一种有效的通信手段。meaning n. 意思,意义 me

10、aningless 毫无意义的,毫无目的的 meaningful 重要的 adj.吝啬的(小气),刻薄的(卑鄙)be mean with/over/about sth 对-很吝啬 John has always been mean with money while his sister is generous with it. 他在花钱方面总是非常吝啬，然而她妹妹却很慷慨 It is mean of him to say bad word on me. mean (meant, meant) vt. What did he mean by saying that? Did Jim mean t

11、hat he was satisfied with our servise? mean to do sth.示意,打算去做 mean doing sth . 意味着结果 What dodid you mean by.? “你是什么意思？” My father meant me to be an engineer. I didnt mean you to read the letter.我没有打算让你就看那封信。 The new law means working overtime without pay.新法律意味着无偿加班工作。The sign means that the road is

12、blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通.What do you mean to do with it?你打算把它怎样处理？ I mean you to work as our spokesman. 我想请你当我们的代言人。 练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). Can you tell me what this sentence_ (mean)? 2). Your friendship _ (mean) a great deal _ (介词) me. 3). In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ (wait) for another hour.

13、 4). What did he mean _ (介词) saying that remark? 5). I _ _ _ _（本来打算来）yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 6). 这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。_ 答案：1). mean 2). means; to 3). waiting 4). by5). had meant to come6).These rooms are meant for the childrens centre. 2.starve: vi.受饿的 the starving 饥民 starvation nu.挨

14、饿;饿死 starvation diet 极少量的食物 重点用法 starve to death = die of starvation/hunger 饿死 starve sb to death 把某人饿死 Millions of people starved to death during the war. 战争中数百万计的人挨饿至 死。starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth. 希望/渴望得到某物 Whats for dinner?Im starving to death!晚饭吃什么?我饿死了!She failed a

15、gain,starving for success.她又失败了，渴望成功。be starved of 缺乏,通常用被动 (1) The homeless children _love.这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。 (2) The proud man said he would _ rather than beg for food. 句型转换 (3)Those motherless children were longing for affection. =Those motherless children _ _ _ affection. 句型转换 (4)The _ (starve) peo

16、ple of this area were suffering from the terrible _ (starve) and many people lost their lives. 填空 (5)He_ love. 他缺乏爱。 6). Thousands of people _ _ _ in Africa. 7). These children are _ _ love. 8). The people on the island _ _ _ fresh water since it hadnt rained for nearly half a year.答：(1)are starving

17、 for (2) starve, (3)were starving for/were starved of starving;starvation Keys: 1). starved to death/died of starvation 2). starving for 3). were starved of 3.honor (表示)尊敬=(show)respect，(颁发)奖励/(授予)荣誉=(give)award ; in honor of :为向表示敬意，纪念 have the honor of doing sth= be honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸 (1)

18、The Blacks honored us with a great spcial party. 布莱克一家举办特别聚会，使我们感到荣幸。 (2)(授予)荣誉 He has been honored with Dr. for his scientific work.他因科研成就而获授予博士头衔。 (3) We held a ceremony in honor of those who was killed. 我们为了纪念死难者而举行了仪式。 (4)I was honored to have been here to give a speech=It is my honor to have be

19、en here to give a speech. I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner. 我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。 Some festival are held to honor the dead.有些节日举办给故人以示尊敬 We show our honor to the police.我们向警察表示敬意。 Today well meet an honored guest.今天我们将会见一位贵宾。 I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors of e

20、xalted rank.我做了特色饭敬上敬上我们的尊贵客人。 改错 At eleven oclock in the morning,well meet an honoring guest in the meeting room.答案： honoringhonored 辨析 admire/honour/respect/regard 这些动词均含“尊重、钦佩”之意。 honour：侧重(通过某些活动形式)对某人或某物表示敬意。great respect for 某人； admire： 侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕、 钦佩， 并含欣赏爱慕之情。 respect sb for 其人其事.I dont ag

21、ree with her,but I admire her for keeking her words.我不同他的意见，但是赞赏她恪守诺言。总结:_ respect, 指对（年长人或地位高者）的行为、品德、才华或成就的仰慕尊重。有关方面。 I respect her for her honesty. 我敬重她诚实这一点。I deeply respect her courage. 我深深敬佩她的勇气。 I have the great respect for you brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 He has no respect for her feeling.不尊重 The book

22、 is admirable in respect of style.这本书(在)风格(方面)极佳. 1._building a charming city， almost all the citizens have joined in the big clean-up in and out of their homes A in respect of B in favour of C in response to D in need of 4.belief n. c,u 信任；信仰；信心信任；信仰；信心 believe vt.举行 典例 1). The football match will

23、take place tomorrow. 足球赛将在明天举行。 2). The accident took place/ happened only a block from my home. 事故发生在离我家仅一个街区远的地方。 短语归纳take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代 in place of (介词短语)代替；交换 take sb s place / take the place of sb. 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务 in the last place 最后 in place 放在原来的位置；适合的，恰当的 out of place 不在合适的位置；不适当的

24、 in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点 in ones place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想 练习 用 place 短语的适当形式填空。 1). A little gratitude would be _ _. 2). I m at a loss what to do next. What would you do (if you were ) _ _ _? 3). Plastics have _ _ _ _ many other materials. 4). We use plastics _ _ _ many other materials.5). W

25、hile the manager was on holiday, he _ _ _. 答案： 1). in place 2). in my place 3). taken the place of 4). in place of 5). took his/her place 2. in memory of = to the memory of 纪念；追念 典例 1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。 2). The statue was built in memory of the famous sci

26、entist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。 短语归纳 in + n. + of 短语：in honour of 为了纪念；向表示敬意 in praise of 歌颂 in favor of 赞同, 支持 in charge of 负责 in need of 需要 in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有 in place of 代替 练习 用 in + n. + of 构成的词组填空。 1). A monument was set up _ _ _ the dead soldiers. 2). He founded the charity (兴办

27、那项慈善事业)_ _ _his late wife. 3). If you are _ _ _ anything, don t hesitate to let me know.4). In the discussion, I was _ _ _ Mr. Li. 答案：1). in memory/honour of 2). in memory of 3). in need of 4). in favor of 3. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰 典例 1). Don t bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不著穿讲究衣服就穿平常的衣服来吧。 2).

28、Were supposed to dress (ourselves) up as movie characters for the party. 我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色。 归纳 dress up for sth.为某事而盛装 dress up as sb.打扮成为某人 be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色) dress sb./oneself 给某人 或自己穿衣服 练习用 dress 构成的词组填空1). The boy_ _ _a short pant. 2). He_ _ _Christmas Father to amuse the children. 3). The

29、kids are too young to _ _, so she has to _ _ every morning. 答案：1). was dressed in 2). dressed up as 3). dress themselves; dress them 4. play a trick/tricks on 对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑；对某人施计谋 典例 The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。 短语归纳play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb.

30、 开某人的玩笑 augh at sb. 嘲笑某人 练习 填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。 1). He was let in by playing a trick _ (介词) the guard. 2). She hated _ (play) tricks on in public. 答案：1). on 2). being played 5. look forward to 盼望；期待 典例 1). Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假见到你。 2). I m really looking forward t

31、o our vacation. 我盼望着假期早日到来。 短语归纳 短语中 to 是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing 形式： lead to 导致；通向 object to 反对 refer to 查阅；提到 stick to 粘住；坚持 add to 增加 add up to 总计 compare.to 把比作 see to 负责，处理 get close to 接近；差点 get down to 着手做 get/be used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意 put an end to 结束，停止 admit to 承认 devote.to 贡献给；致力于 练习 用所

32、给词的适当形式填空。1). The boy hurried forward _ (see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to _ (see) it for a long time. 2). The day I had been looking forward to _ (come). 3). I used to _ (get) up late, but now I m used to _ (get) up early. 答案：1). to see; seeing 2). came 3). g

33、et; getting 6. turn up 出现；到达；发现；调大(音量等) 典例 1). It s time for the meeting, but he hasn t turned up. 到开会的时间了，但他还没到。 2). Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。 归纳turn on 打开(煤气/自来水/电灯等) turn off 关上 turn down 减弱,降低，拒绝 turn around/about 转过身来 turn away 转过头 turn out 生产,制造

34、;(常与 to, that 连用)结果是 turn to sb./sth. (for help) 向求助,查阅 练习用 turn 词组填空 1). Don t worry. The file is sure to _ _.2). Please _ the television_ a bit, I can t hear clearly. 3). It _ _ that it was Tim who broke the vase.4). The sad child _ _ his mother for comfort. 答案：1). turn up 2). turn; up 3). turned

35、out 4). turned to 7. keep one s word (= keep one s promise) 守信用；履行诺言 典例 He never keeps his word. 他从不履行诺言。 归纳 break one s word/promise 违背诺言，失信 Word came that有消息传来说 leave word 留言,口信 have/say the last word 下结论；说了算 have a word with sb. 和某人说几句话 have words with sb. 与某人争吵 take back ones words 收回自己说过的话 in o

36、ther words 换句话说，也就是说 in a/one word 总之，简言之 in words 用文字 beyond words 无法用语言表达 练习 用 word 词组填空。 1). His score was only 53. _ _ _, he failed in the exam. 2). Could I _ _ _ with you, Miss Jones? 3). You ll find that she is a girl who always _ _ _. 4). _ _ _, I think he s a fool. 答案：1). In other words 2).

37、have a word 3). keeps/breaks her word 4). In a word 8. hold one s breath 屏息；屏住气 典例 1). How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久? 2). The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸。 归纳 (be) out of/short of breath 呼吸急促；喘不过气来；上气不接下气 catch one s b

38、reath 屏住气；歇口气 lose one s breath 气喘嘘嘘；上气不接下气 get one s breath 恢复正常呼吸 waste one s breath (on sb/sth)（对某人/某事物）白费唇舌 save one s breath 不必白费唇舌 练习 用 breath 短语填空。 1). He _ _ _ while the results were read out. 2). They won t listen, so don t _ _ _ telling them. 3). It s useless talking to him. You may as wel

39、l _ _ _. 4). It took us a few minutes to _ _ _ _after the race. 5). I m a bit _ _ _ after my run. 答案：1). held his breath 2). waste your breath 3). save your breath 4). get our breath back 5). out of breath 8. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 典例 1). What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程? 2). Th

40、e terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people. 恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了六个人。 短语归纳 set 短语：set off for a place 出发到某地 set about doing sth 开始（某工作） ；着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路 set out to do sth. 开始做某事 set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立 set sth aside 将某事物放在一边； （为某目的）节省或保留钱或时间 练习用 set 词组填空1). The new govern

41、ment must _ _ finding solutions to the country s economic problems. 2). The children _ _ the fireworks in the yard. 3). She _ _ a bit of money every month. 4). They _ _a statue in honor of the national hero.5). They ve _ _ on a journey round the world. 答案： 1). set about 2). set off 3). sets aside 4). set up 5). set off/out