Unit 4 Space Exploration Section Ⅱ 练习 （新教材）人教版（2019）必修第三册.doc

1、Section Reading and Thinking (1) 阅读理解 A However exciting space exploration sounds, theres a necessary and important point about it that needs to be considered: food supplies. Right now, astronauts typically rely on dry food in airtight bags and cans, since there are strict weight limits on items tak

2、en into space. Foods that we take for granted, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, are out of the question for space explorers. For those whove made an effort to try to grow food during space flights, theyve faced many difficulties, including the absence of gravity, and a lack of soil, air and humid

3、ity(湿度). However, growing food to add and minimise(最小化) the food that must be carried to space will be increasingly important on long-duration flights into space. Great efforts have been made to explore the concept(idea) of space farming. Recently, a team led by Federico Maggi at the University of S

4、ydney in Australia have worked out how plants can absorb nutrients from human urine(尿), as was reported by New Scientist on March 27. After over 20 years of experiments, the results suggested that human urine could supply three to four out of the six nutrients that plants need. The researchers also

5、found out that urine-fertilised plants produce no harmful by-products, such as carbon dioxide or ammonia. According to New Scientist, human urine is 95 percent water, with the other 5 percent made from nutrients which are harmful to the human body but not to plants. The advantage of this urine-fuele

6、d life support system is obvious: By recycling liquid waste and producing food, an efficient cycle will be created. And most importantly, said New Scientist, the duration of space flights will be greatly extended to “20 years of flight”, meaning we may be soon sending astronauts on flights to Mars,

7、or even beyond. 1. What does the underlined part “out of the question” in the first paragraph probably mean? A. Impossible. B. Unnecessary. C. Unimportant. D. Uncertain. 解析: 词义猜测题。根据上文词义猜测题。根据上文“Right now, astronauts typically Right now, astronauts typically rely on drely on dry food in airtight bag

8、s and cans, since there are ry food in airtight bags and cans, since there are strict weight limits on items taken into space.strict weight limits on items taken into space.”可知可知, ,目前目前 宇航员通常依赖于装在密封的袋子和罐子里的干燥食品宇航员通常依赖于装在密封的袋子和罐子里的干燥食品, ,因为带进太因为带进太 空的物品有严格的重量限制。故可推测我们认为理所当然的食品空的物品有严格的重量限制。故可推测我们认为理所当

9、然的食品, ,如如 新鲜水果和蔬菜对于太空探索者来说是新鲜水果和蔬菜对于太空探索者来说是“不可能的不可能的; ;难以实现的难以实现的”。 impossibleimpossible 不可能的不可能的;unnecessary;unnecessary 不必要的不必要的;unimportant;unimportant 不重要不重要 的的;uncertain;uncertain 不确定的。故不确定的。故选选 A A。 答案:A 2. What can we learn from the research by the University of Sydney? A. Human urine is har

10、mless to plants. B. Human urine provides six necessary nutrients for plants. C. Urine fertiliser is safer and more productive than chemical fertiliser. D. Urine-fertilised plants only release a small amount of carbon dioxide. 解析: 细节理解题。 根据第三段中细节理解题。 根据第三段中“The researchers also found out The research

11、ers also found out that urinethat urine- -fertilised plants produce no harmful byfertilised plants produce no harmful by- -products, products, such as carbon dioxide or ammonia.such as carbon dioxide or ammonia.”可知可知, ,研究人员发现尿肥植研究人员发现尿肥植 物不产生有害的副产品物不产生有害的副产品, ,如二氧化碳或氨。由此可知将人类尿液如二氧化碳或氨。由此可知将人类尿液用于用于

12、太空农业的最大优势是它对植物无害。太空农业的最大优势是它对植物无害。 答案:A 3. What is the biggest advantage of using human urine for space farming, according to New Scientist? A. It does little harm to the environment in space. B. It could create conditions for long-term space flights. C. It will greatly reduce the cost of farming in

13、 space. D. Urine-fertilised plants are healthier and taste better. 解析: 细节理解题。 根据最后一段可知细节理解题。 根据最后一段可知, ,最重要的是最重要的是, ,太空飞行的时间太空飞行的时间 会延长会延长, ,到更远的行星探索成为可能。故选到更远的行星探索成为可能。故选 B B。 答案:B 4. Whats the text mainly about? A. The significance of space farming. B. Problems faced by astronauts on long-term spa

14、ce flights. C. How to use human urine to produce food in space. D. A possible new way to grow food in space. 解析: 主旨大意题。根据第二段中主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Recently, a team led by Recently, a team led by Federico Maggi at the University of Sydney in Australia have Federico Maggi at the University of Sydney in Austral

15、ia have worked out how planworked out how plants can absorb nutrients from human urine, ts can absorb nutrients from human urine, as was reported by New Scientist on March 27.as was reported by New Scientist on March 27.”可知可知, ,本文主本文主 要介绍了一种使在太空上种植植物成为可能的新方式。要介绍了一种使在太空上种植植物成为可能的新方式。 答案:D B The full

16、moon climbs over the eastern horizon(地平线) and hangs like a huge orange globe in the sky. After a few hours, the moon is overhead but seems to have changed. The huge orange globe has become a small silver disk. What has happened? Why has the orange colour disappeared? Why does the moon seem so much s

17、maller and farther away now that it is overhead? The moon appears orange on the horizon because we view it through the dust of the atmosphere. The overhead moon does not really shrink(缩 小) as it moves away from the horizon. Our eyes inform us that the overhead moon is farther away. But in this posit

18、ion the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the horizon. The change in size is a trick our eyes and minds play on us. When the moon is low in the sky, we can compare its size with familiar objects. It is easy to see that the moon is much larger than trees or buildings, for examp

19、le. When the moon is high in the sky, however, it is hard to compare it with objects on Earth. Compared to the vastness of the sky, the moon seems small. There is another reason why the moon seems to shrink. We are used to staring at objects straight ahead of us. When an object is difficult to see,

20、our eyes have to try to focus on it. When we move our heads back to look up, we will try hard again. Looking at something from an unaccustomed position can fool you into believing an object is smaller or farther away than it is. However, scientists do not yet understand completely why the moon seems

21、 to shrink as it rises in the sky. 5. What makes us puzzled when the moon is high in the sky? A. It becomes large. B. It looks different. C. Its colour disappears. D. Its shape changes. 解析: 推理判断题。根据第一段中的推理判断题。根据第一段中的“After a few hours, the moon After a few hours, the moon is overhead but seems to ha

22、ve changed. The huge orange globe is overhead but seems to have changed. The huge orange globe has become a small silver disk. What has happened? Why has the has become a small silver disk. What has happened? Why has the orange colour disappeared? Why does the moonorange colour disappeared? Why does

23、 the moon seem so much seem so much smaller and farther away now that it is overhead?smaller and farther away now that it is overhead?”可知可知, ,当当 月亮高挂天空的时候月亮高挂天空的时候, ,它的颜色、大小都变了它的颜色、大小都变了, ,看起来不同了。看起来不同了。 答案:B 6. What really happens when the moon floats farther away from the horizon? A. It comes near

24、er. B. It turns orange. C. It goes farther. D. It gets through dust. 解析: 细节理解题。根据第二段中的细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The overhead moon does not The overhead moon does not really shrink as it moves away from the horizon. Our eyes inform really shrink as it moves away from the horizon. Our eyes inform us that the over

25、head moon is farther away. But in this position us that the overhead moon is farther away. But in this position the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the moon is actually closer to our eyes than when it is near the the horizon.horizon.”可知可知, ,当月亮离地平线远的时候当月亮离地平线远的时候, ,其实它离我们更近。

26、其实它离我们更近。 答案:A 7. What can we infer from the text? A. The size of the moon often changes. B. The moon is in fact a huge orange globe. C. The moon is beginning to shrink much. D. We do not see the moon as it really is. 解析: 推理判断题。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句根据最后一段最后一句“However, scientists However, scientists do no

27、t yet understand completely why the moon seems to shrink do not yet understand completely why the moon seems to shrink as it rises in the sky.as it rises in the sky.”可知我们没有看清月亮的可知我们没有看清月亮的“真面目真面目”。 答案:D C Television has changed our lives in many ways. Many people now spend more time watching TV than

28、 doing anything else. Researchers have estimated(估计) that when most students leave school they have spent 11,000 hours in the classroom and 22,000 hours watching television. 8 ? Benefits of television: 1. Television helps us to learn more about the world and to know and see many new things. Televisi

29、on can offer present information to us in a more effective way than books. 9 . 2. It entertains us. It is an enjoyable way to relax ourselves. For millions of people around the world, television is a source of companion- ship and helps them to cope with everyday life. 3. It has increased the popular

30、ity of sports and arts. 4. 10 . In 2000, for example, 1.5 million people in 147 countries watched a TV pop concert and helped to collect more than $100 million for people in Africa. Dangers: 1. Television makes us passive(被动的). 11 . 2. It encourages us to buy unnecessary things sometimes. There are

31、many advertisements on television, 12 . 3. It takes time away from activities such as reading, conversation, and games. 4. Some critics(批评家) say that television makes people violent. A ten-year study showed that children who watch television programmes are more likely to be violent themselves. A. Te

32、levision makes us active B. But what effect does this have C. It can also make things more memorable D. We dont have to think and our brains become lazy E. however, this kind of advertisement might not be suitable F. Television has made us aware of our global responsibilities G. the main purpose of

33、which is to make customers spend money 答案:8.B 9.C 10.F 11.D 12.G Reading and Thinking (2) 基础测评 . 单句语法填空 1. I work during my spare time, which gives me (independent) from my family. 2. My parents desire me (behave) well at school. 3. From the (disappoint) voice, we knew he failed the exam. 4. The fis

34、h (leap) out of water and landed on the shore. 5. As we all know, (satellite) have been used for communica- tion as well as weather forecasts. 6. During our free time, well be able to travel to places of interest in new (vehicle) like flying cars. 7. The government is taking measures to prevent the

35、(transmit) of the disease. 8. The (frontier) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on. 9. We are not sure when universe came into being. 10. He stood up, signalling the officer that he had finished with his client. 答案:1. independence 2. to behave 3. disappointed 4. leaped/leapt

36、 5. satellites 6. vehicles 7. transmission 8. frontiers 9. the 10. to . 完成句子 1. 你是第一个将这项工作做得这么好的人。 You are _ _ _ _ _ the work so well. 2. 虽然战士们已经工作了 15 个小时,但他们仍继续在废墟中寻找幸 存者。 Though the soldiers had been working for fifteen hours, they _ _ _ for survivors in the ruins. 3. 攀登者们继续前迚,希望尽最后的努力到达山顶。 The c

37、limbers kept up _ _ _ _ reaching the top with the last effort. 4. 人们相信努力工作就能成功。 It is believed that working hard can success. 5. 微笑不仅仅让我们高兴,还能愉悦别人。 Smiling can make us happy, please others. 答案:1. the first person to do 2. carried on looking 3. in the hope of 4. lead to 5. not only; but also . 语法填空 1

38、. _(look) up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world 2. _(go) into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto

39、the moon, famously saying, “Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, many more goals 3. (achieve). 4. _scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. All the 5. _(astronaut) on the USSRs Soyuz 11 and Americas Challenger died during the

40、ir missions, which made everyone sad and 6. _(disappoint). Despite the huge risks, people carry 7. exploring space. Chinas space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it 8. _(make) great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to 9. _(independent)

41、 send humans into space in 2003. Now China as well as Europe and the U.S. has plans to further study and explore planets like Mars 10. _ Jupiter. 答案: 1. Looking 2. to go 3. were achieved 4. Although/Though 5. astronauts 6. disappointed 7. on 8. has made 9. independently 10. and 提升测评 . 阅读理解 Three day

42、s before Christmas in 1968, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders had adventured out to the moon, becoming the first human beings to reach and orbit our closest neighbour in space. On Christmas Eve, they pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8 and showed a global audience(观众) of 1 billi

43、on the ancient moon moving slowly below their spaceship. “I didnt choose it,” Anders said, when all three astronauts met to mark the 50th anniversary(周年) of their moon flight, at Chicagos Museum of Science and Industry, where their spaceship is displayed. When the three men returned to Earth on Dece

44、mber 27, they were surrounded by a sea of joy. That kind of collective(集体的) joyborn of collective effortcan seem beyond us now. From the factory floor to the three men in the spaceship, an estimated 400,000 people had a hand in making the moon flight possible. Behind the joy there was also a dark da

45、nger Apollo 8 might face. If the astronauts made it into the moon orbit but their engine failed to fire when it was time to return, rescue would be impossible. They would circle the moon forever. But the astronauts did come home, and in the process they gave the world another gift: the celebrated ph

46、otograph that came to be known as Earthrise. Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders, 85 then. “Im still trying to figure out who did it,” said Borman, with a wink(眨眼睛). “You did it, I think,” Lovell answered. “Bill did it,” Borman admitted. “He didnt want me to t

47、ake it at first,” Anders said. “I have never said it before publicly,” said Borman, “but Im just proud that I was able to fly with these two talented guys. You did a really good job.” 1. The men pointed a camera out of the window of Apollo 8 to _. A. show the moon to the world B. read some sentences

48、 to the audience C. do some research into the ancient moon D. record what they were doing in the spacecraft 解析: 细节理解细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的题。根据文章第一段中的“On Christmas Eve, they On Christmas Eve, they pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8 and showed pointed a TV camera out of the window of Apollo 8

49、and showed a global audience of 1 billion the ancient moon moving slowly a global audience of 1 billion the ancient moon moving slowly below their spaceship.below their spaceship.”可知他们把照相机伸出可知他们把照相机伸出 Apollo 8Apollo 8 的窗外的窗外, , 是为了向世界展示月球。是为了向世界展示月球。 答案:A 2. How old was Bill Anders when he reached space? A. 27. B. 30. C. 35. D. 50. 解析: 推理判断题。根据文章第四段推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Even fifty years later, Even fifty years later, Borman and Lovell continued to play jokes on Anders,