小六英语第11讲：情态动词（教师版）.docx

1、第 11 讲 情态动词 情态动词情态动词 这类词本身虽有意义， 但不完整。 它们表示说话人的能力、 说话人的语气或情态， 如“可能”、 “应当”等。这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might 等。 它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思， 例如：I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会 一一.情态动词的主要特征情态动词的主要特征 1.can、may、must 都有各自的词义，表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态，因词义 不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数

2、的变化。构成疑问句时，通常放在主语前面 ；构成否定句时，not 放在这些情态动词之后 。可用它们的缩写形式（cant, cannot, mustnt 等）。 二、情态动词的种类二、情态动词的种类 情态动词 词义 否定形式 词义 can 能够，会 cant 不能，不会 could 能够，会 couldnt 不能，不会 may 可以 must 必须 mustnt 不允许，不能 shall 将，要 should 应该 shouldnt 不应该 need 需要 neednt 不必 would 将会，愿 wouldnt 不会，不愿 三三情态动词情态动词主要用法主要用法 1.can, could 和和 b

3、e able to 1)表示能力，例如： I can speak a little Japanese. She couldnt speak Chinese when she came to our school last month. Be able to 代替 can, 也可以表示能力。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式，例如： My little brother has been able to write. 2）表示允许，准许，这时 can 与 may 可以互换，例如： Can/May I borrow your bike

4、 tomorrow? Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow. You cant smoke here. 表示请求时肯定的回答方式有：Yes, you can. Of course. Certainly. Sure 否定回答方式有：No, you cant No，you mustnt. 3）表示客观可能性，用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如： He cannot/cant be there. Can this news be true? 4）could 除表示 can 的过去式外，在口语中还常代替 can，表示非常

5、委婉的请求。 这时 could 和 can 没有时间上的差别。例如： Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow? Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy? 2.may 和和 might 1)表示“准许”和“许可”，这时可与 can 替换。例如： May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment? May I take these magazines out of the reading room? No, you mustnt. 2)表示说话人的猜

6、测，认为某事“可能”发生，例如： Wheres John? He may be at the library. Mr. Green hasnt talked with her. He may not know her. He may be at home. Maybe he was at home. 3)might 除表示 may 的过去式外， 在口语中还常代替 may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可 能性较小。这时 might 和 may 没有时间上的差异。 例如：Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes? Might I have a pho

7、to of your family? 3.must 1)must 表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式 同形。如：I must go to school today. He told me I mustnt leave until my mother came. 2)must 表示推测，“一定是”、“准是”，例如： They must be very tired. Let them have a rest. Jack doesnt look well. He must be ill. 注意： have to 表示“必须”、“不得不”，它不仅能代替 must,

8、 用于现在时和过去时以外的其他 时态，表示说话人的主观看法，而且又表示客观上的需要。例如： If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home. The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship. 在回答 must 的疑问句时，否定回答常用 neednt 表示“不必”，例如： Must I return this book to you in two weeks?（这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗？） Yes, you must.（是的。） No, you neednt.（不，不

9、必了。） 4.need need（需要） 既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。 1) need 作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句。例如： Its warm today. You neednt put on your coat. Need I post your books to you? 2) need 作及物动词时： need sth to do sth doing sth 四四情态动词常见句型情态动词常见句型 1、Can I help you? Yes, please. / No, thanks. 2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形? Yes, can. No, cant. 3、Can I

10、borrow your book?-Yes, of course. 4、Can I write on the book? -No, you cantmustnt. 5、Could Can you help me?- Yes, of course.Certainly. Sure. 6、Could Can you tell me the way to the Zoo? 7、May I come in ?- Come in, please. 8、May I sit here?- Yes, please.Sorry, please dont. 9、May I have some Coke?- Yes,

11、 of course. 10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -Speaking. Whos calling? 11、should 、shouldnt 表示劝告： 1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldnt play computer game too much. 12、Should +主语 +动词原形? Yes, should. No, shouldnt. 13、表示建议“你愿意吗” -Would you like to go shopping with me? -Yes, Id love to. /Id love

12、to. But Im busy now. 14、就餐用语 Would you like something to eatdrink? -Yes, Id like 15、shall 用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “好吗?” 1) Where shall we have dinner? 2) Shall we go fishing? -All right. OK. Good idea. 16 、 Must + 主 语 + 动 词 原 形 ? -Yes, must.No, neednt. 1.1. 情态动词的种类和主要用法；情态动词的种类和主要用法； 2.2. 各个情各个情

13、态动词之间的意义区分；态动词之间的意义区分； 3.3. 常见的含有情态动词的口语；常见的含有情态动词的口语； 适当的情态动词填空适当的情态动词填空: 1. Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you _. 答案：答案：neednt 2. _ I use your car? Yes, you _. 答案：答案：Can, cant 3. _ I go home now? No, you _ stay here. 答案：答案：Can, must 4. My mother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after

14、 her. 答案：答案：should 5. _ you like some tea? 答案：答案：Would 6. You _ take more exercise. 答案：答案：should 7. _ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park? 答案：答案：Can 8. The clock _ tell us the time. 答案：答案：can 9. _ you like to go fishing with me? 答案：答案：Would 10. _ we play football this afternoon? 答案：答案：Can Thi

15、s is Lucy and that is Lily. They are twins. They look 1 . They are 2 . They are new students in 3 class. They are 4 Grade One. Jim can 5 them. They are new 6 . They go to the shop(商店) . They would like something 7 and drink. Lucy would like 8 some bread. Lily would like 9 a bottle of 10 . Jim would

16、like some apples. ( )1.A. a same B. the same C. same D. an same 答案与解析：答案与解析：B 固定词组 look the same 意为“看起来很像” 。 ( )2.A. twin B. sisters C. brothers D. American 答案与解析：答案与解析：B Lucy 和 Lily 为女孩名又是双胞胎，所以她们应是姐妹关系。 ( )3.A. Jim B. of Jim C. Jims D. of Jims 答案与解析：答案与解析：C 名词加“s”表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。 ( )4.A. on B. at C

17、. in D. of 答案与解析：答案与解析：C 表示在哪个年级，班级用介词 in. ( )5.A. look like B. look after C. look at D. look 答案与解析：答案与解析： B look after 意为 “照顾， 照看” ， look like 意为 “看起来像” ,look at 意为 “看” look 意为“看” 。 ( )6.A. teachers B. student C. friends D. boys 答案与解析：答案与解析：C 本句是说 Jim 和双胞胎两个是好朋友。 ( )7.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D.

18、eats 答案与解析：答案与解析：B something to eat 意为“一些吃的东西。 ” something to drink 表示“一些喝 的东西” ，两者均为不定式作定语时放在所修饰词的后面。 ( )8.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats 答案与解析：答案与解析：B would like 后面接不定式，即： would like to do sth.意为“想要干某事。 ” ( )9.A. to drink B. to eat C. to give D. drink 答案与解析：答案与解析：A eat 表示“吃” ，drink 表示“喝” 。 ( )

19、10.A. orange B. an orange C. oranges D. some orange 答案与解析：答案与解析：A 瓶子装的应是桔汁而不是桔子。orange 作“桔汁”讲时，为不可数名词， 前面不可用不定冠词修饰，也不能加 s. Its a fine day today. Jims families 1 having a picnic(野餐) .They put a big cloth (布)on the ground(地面). 2 it are some yellow bananas, red apples, 3 and some white eggs. The woman

20、in the white trousers 4 Mrs Green. She is thirty-five . She is 5 English teacher in No. 12 Middle School. The man is 6 father. He is forty. His shirt is black and his trousers 7 yellow. He is a teacher, too. They have a black car, but you cant see 8 in the picture. 9 that boy? Thats Jim. He is drink

21、ing(喝水).His shirt is green. The girl 10 him is his sister, Kate. 11 is in a red dress today. Can you see the bag? Yes, its behind their father. What a nice picture 12 . ( )1.A. is B. are C. isnt D. arent 答案与解析：答案与解析：B family 如果指一个家庭里的成员时，后面的动词要用复数形式。 ( )2.A. In B. Near C. On D. Under 答案与解析：答案与解析：C o

22、n it 指代 on the big cloth. ( )3.A.oranges oranges B.orange oranges C.orange orange D. oranges orange 答案与解析：答案与解析：B orange oranges 意为“桔色的桔子”前一个 orange 是形容词指颜色，后一 个 orange 作名词，意为“桔子。” ( )4.A. is B. are C. in D. am 答案与解析：答案与解析： A 本句主语 The woman in the white trousers 意为“穿白色的裤子的那位女子”， 是单数，所以系动词用 is. ( )5.

23、A. a B. the C. an D. x 答案与解析：答案与解析：C an 用在发元音音素开头的单词前。 ( )6.A. Sam B. Sams C. Samss D. Sams 答案与解析：答案与解析：B 表示有生命的东西的名词所有格用单数名词+s. ( )7.A. are B. be C. is D. have 答案与解析：答案与解析：A trousers 作主语时，谓语动词应用复数。 ( )8.A. them B. him C. it D. her 答案与解析：答案与解析：C 此处填 it 指代上句提到的 a black car. ( )9.A. Whats B. Whos C. W

24、heres D. Hows 答案与解析：答案与解析：B Who 用于问某人的姓名或某人与他人的关系。 ( )10.A. back B. behind C. of D. to 答案与解析：答案与解析：B behind 是表示方位的介词，意为“在后面”。 ( )11.A. Her B. Hers C. She D. He 答案与解析：答案与解析：C 本空要填作主语的人称代词 She 指代 The girl. ( )12.A. is it B. it is C. is D. it 答案与解析：答案与解析：B 本句为一个感叹句。感叹句一般由 What 或 How 引导。What 用作定语 修饰名词。H

25、ow 用作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词。另外感叹句中的主谓要用陈述句的 语序。 A 选选出正确答案。出正确答案。 1）Lucy should her homework now. A. finishes B. finishing C. finished D. finish 答案：答案：D 2）My mother would back soon. A. came B. comes C. come D. will come 答案：答案：C 3）Could you me a hand. A. giving B. gives C. given D. give 答案：答案：D 4）Should I now

26、. A. started B. starting C. start D. starts 答案：答案：C 5） I take this one? A. Could B. Will C. Are D. Do 答案：答案： 6）- Can you speak English? - No, I . A. mustnt B. cant C. couldnt D. may not 答案：答案：B 7）You go and see a doctor because you had a fever(发烧). A. could B. might C. should D. would 答案：答案：C 8）Jim

27、come tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. should B. might C. would D. shall 答案：答案：B 9）The children play football on the road. A. couldnt B. could C. must D. mustnt 答案：答案：D 10）- Can I take this book out? - No, you . A. must not B. could not C. will not D. arent 答案：答案：A 11）I like to go with you. A.

28、could B. would C. should D. will 答案：答案：B 12）She is bleeding (流血). She go to hospital quickly. A. could B. would C. should D. will 答案：答案：C 13）You watch TV after finishing your homework. A. would B. can C. must D. should 答案：答案：D 14）It is late. I go home now. A. could B. would C. should D. will 答案：答案：C

29、 15）- What I do at the meeting? A. has to B. would like C. should D. not should 答案：答案：C B 按要求改写句子。按要求改写句子。 1. I can swim fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句) 答案：答案：cant swim 2. You must return the books now.（一般疑问句） - _ I the books now? - No, you _. 答案：答案：Must, neednt 3. They could take the books out of the room.

30、 （否定句） They _ _ the books out of the room. 答案：答案：couldnt take 4. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well? 答案：答案：Can, play 5. You should get up early. (否定句) You _ get up late. 答案：答案：shouldnt 6. Could I borrow your pen? (肯定否定回答) 答案：答案：Yes, you could./ No, you coulnt. C Mr Hu 1 us E

31、nglish this term. He is nice. He 2 wearing a white shirt and black trousers. He 3 very good English . He often 4 with us. We all like him very much. Mr Hu 5 two little sons. Theyre twin brothers. They are only five. They often 6 the same clothes. 7 Betty goes to Mr Hus home. She loves to 8 the twins

32、 and play with 9 . Mr Hu 10 his sons, Bao Bao and Bei Bei. ( )1.A. tells B. teaches C. speaks D. works 答案与解析：答案与解析：B 句型 teach sb sth 意为“教某人” ( )2.A. is B. likes C. want D. does 答案与解析：答案与解析：A 此空填 is 补全现在进行时结构：主语+be+动词 ing 的形式。 ( )3.A. speaks B. says C. tells D. teaches 答案与解析：答案与解析：A 说某种语言用 speak. ( )

33、4.A. says B. speaks C. talks D. tells 答案与解析：答案与解析：C talk with sb 表示“和某人交谈”。 ( )5.A. wants B. has C. looks after D. teaches 答案与解析：答案与解析：B 表示某人有某物，主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用 has. ( )6.A. wear B. put on C. have D. in 答案与解析：答案与解析：A wear = be in 表示“穿着”、“戴着”，强调状态。 ( )7.A. But B. And C. Then D. Sometimes 答案与解析：答案与解析

34、：D Sometimes 意为“有时”，本句意思是贝蒂有时去胡先生的家。 ( )8.A. look B. think C. take D. see 答案与解析：答案与解析：D 此处 see sb 表示看望某人。 ( )9.A. twins B. ones C. they D. them 答案与解析：答案与解析：D with 为介词后面要用代词的宾格形式。 ( )10.A. calls B. name C. thinks D. think 答案与解析：答案与解析：A 此处 call 表示“称呼、叫” ( B ) 1、You _ be careful with fire when you have

35、 a picnic in the forest. Its too dangerous. A、will B、must C、 can D、may ( C ) 2、- Tom , dont drive too fast , you _ hit the others cars. - OK , I wont , Mum. A、must B、need C、 may D、have to ( D ) 3、You gave made the same mistake once again. You _ be more careful next time. A、can B、may C、 had to D、shou

36、ld ( C ) 4、- What are you going to eat for supper? - I _ have noodles. A、need to B、must C、 may D、can ( C ) 5、- May I put my bike here? - No, you _. You should put it over there. A、chouldnt B、neednt C、 mustnt D、wont ( C ) 6、- _ you come to my birthday party tomorrow, Robert? - Im afraid not. I have t

37、o study for my exam. A、Must B、Should C、 Can D、need ( A ) 7、- _ you play golf? - No.But I can play table tennis. A、Can B、May C、 Must D、Should ( D )8、- Jill looks so painful, there _ be something wrong with her. - Oh, dear! Wed better take her to the nearest hospital at once. A、can B、should C、 would D

38、、must ( A ) 9、- Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _know, her name is Joe. A、must B、may C、 D、 ( A ) 10、That tall boy _ be John. John is medium height. A、mustnt B、must C、 cant D、might ( A ) 11、- My car was broken down. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow. - Im sorry I _ . Im lea

39、ving for London tonight. A、cant B、mustnt C、 couldnt D、shouldnt ( A ) 12、- Shall we go shopping now ? - Im afraid we _ buy anything. All shops are closed. A、cant B、neednt C、 mustnt D、shouldnt ( B ) 13、- Must I stay here for hours? - No, you _. You can leave any time. A、mustnt B、neednt C、 cant D、can (

40、 B ) 14、- May I go surfing alone this afternoon? - No, you _ . Its dangerous. A、may not B、cant C、 neednt D、dont ( A )15、You _ stop your car when the traffic light is red. A、must B、may C、 can D、might 单单项选择。项选择。 （ ）1. you like some milk ? A. Would B. Could C. Can 答案：答案：A （ ）2. We pick the flower in th

41、e park. A. cant B. dont C. mustnt 答案：答案：C ( ) 3.W e should more trees, and we shouldnt cut any trees. A. plant B. planting C. plants 答案：答案：A ( ) 4.May I have some coffee? A. Yes, you have. B. Yes, you can. C. Yes, certainly. 答案：答案：C ( ) 5.Would you like something to eat? A. Yes, we would. B. Yes, Id

42、 like some cakes. C. Yes, of course. 答案：答案：B ( ) 6. What can I do for you? A. Yes, you can. B. No, I can do it. C. Yes. Id like some oranges. 答案：答案：C Jim and Bill are 1 .They are 2 twelve. They are American and they are in the same class 3 their school. 4 Li is 5 English teacher. He is a good 6 . Th

43、ey love 7 very much. They have two good 8 . 9 names are Lucy and Lily. They are 10 . ( )1.A. teachers B. workers C. students D. twin 答案与解析：答案与解析：C 由下文 They are twelve，确定他们不可能是 teachers, workers,而选项 D 没有加 s，因此只能选 C。 ( )2.A. both B. all C. too D. two 答案与解析：答案与解析： A both 是“两者都”之意， 用于 be 动词之后。 B 项 all 是

44、三者、 三者以上“都”， 选项 C、D 都不合题意。 ( )3.A. at B. in C. of D. to 答案与解析：答案与解析：B “在学校”可用 at school，但 school 前有修饰词 a 或 ones 介词要用 in. ( )4.A. Mr B. Mrs C. Miss D. Teacher 答案与解析：答案与解析：A 由下文 He 确定老师是男性，B 项 Mrs 是“夫人”之意，C 项 Miss“女士”“小 姐”均为女性，选项 D 为 teacher，英语中对老师的称呼用 Miss 或 Mr 加姓，不能用汉语直 译。 ( )5.A. a B. an C. their D

45、. they 答案与解析：答案与解析： C 由上下文判断此处应用物主代词 their“他们的”。 如： 李老师可说 Miss Li， Mr Li 而不能用 Teacher Li. ( )6.A. worker B. teacher C. father D. mother 答案与解析：答案与解析：B 由文中知道 He 是老师。 ( )7.A. her B. his C. he D. him 答案与解析：答案与解析：D him“他”是句子宾语，应用代词的宾格形式，四个选项中只有 D 为宾格。 ( )8.A. friends B. students C. brothers D. sisters 答案

46、与解析：答案与解析：A 根据下文可知本句应是他们有两位好朋友。 ( )9.A. Their B. Our C. They D. Theyre 答案与解析：答案与解析：A “名字叫”names 前要加物主代词 their，句首要大写。 ( )10.A. all American B. American girl C. America D. American teachers 答案与解析：答案与解析：A 此题用排除法。选项 D 是美国老师们，而这些孩子是学生不可能是老师， 选项 C 是国家名词“美国”，B 项 American 后面的名词未加 s，且四个孩子不都是女孩。只 有选项 A 适合题意，意为“他们都是美国人” 。