小六英语第11讲：情态动词（学生版）.docx

1、第 11 讲 情态动词 情态动词情态动词 这类词本身虽有意义， 但不完整。 它们表示说话人的能力、 说话人的语气或情态， 如“可能”、 “应当”等。这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might 等。 它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思， 例如：I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能, 会 一一.情态动词的主要特征情态动词的主要特征 1.can、may、must 都有各自的词义，表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态，因词义 不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数

2、的变化。构成疑问句时，通常放在主语前面 ；构成否定句时，not 放在这些情态动词之后 。可用它们的缩写形式（cant, cannot, mustnt 等）。 二、情态动词的种类二、情态动词的种类 情态动词 词义 否定形式 词义 can 能够，会 cant 不能，不会 could 能够，会 couldnt 不能，不会 may 可以 must 必须 mustnt 不允许，不能 shall 将，要 should 应该 shouldnt 不应该 need 需要 neednt 不必 would 将会，愿 wouldnt 不会，不愿 三三情态动词情态动词主要用法主要用法 1.can, could 和和 b

3、e able to 1)表示能力，例如： I can speak a little Japanese. She couldnt speak Chinese when she came to our school last month. Be able to 代替 can, 也可以表示能力。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could), 而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式，例如： My little brother has been able to write. 2）表示允许，准许，这时 can 与 may 可以互换，例如： Can/May I borrow your bike

4、 tomorrow? Yes, of course. You can/may use my bike tomorrow. You cant smoke here. 表示请求时肯定的回答方式有：Yes, you can. Of course. Certainly. Sure 否定回答方式有：No, you cant No，you mustnt. 3）表示客观可能性，用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如： He cannot/cant be there. Can this news be true? 4）could 除表示 can 的过去式外，在口语中还常代替 can，表示非常

5、委婉的请求。 这时 could 和 can 没有时间上的差别。例如： Could/Can you tell me if he will go tomorrow? Could/Can I ask you something if you are not busy? 2.may 和和 might 1)表示“准许”和“许可”，这时可与 can 替换。例如： May (can) I use your dictionary for a moment? May I take these magazines out of the reading room? No, you mustnt. 2)表示说话人的猜

6、测，认为某事“可能”发生，例如： Wheres John? He may be at the library. Mr. Green hasnt talked with her. He may not know her. He may be at home. Maybe he was at home. 3)might 除表示 may 的过去式外， 在口语中还常代替 may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可 能性较小。这时 might 和 may 没有时间上的差异。 例如：Might (May) I speak to you for a few minutes? Might I have a pho

7、to of your family? 3.must 1)must 表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式 同形。如：I must go to school today. He told me I mustnt leave until my mother came. 2)must 表示推测，“一定是”、“准是”，例如： They must be very tired. Let them have a rest. Jack doesnt look well. He must be ill. 注意： have to 表示“必须”、“不得不”，它不仅能代替 must,

8、 用于现在时和过去时以外的其他 时态，表示说话人的主观看法，而且又表示客观上的需要。例如： If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home. The ship started to go down slowly. We must leave the ship. 在回答 must 的疑问句时，否定回答常用 neednt 表示“不必”，例如： Must I return this book to you in two weeks?（这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗？） Yes, you must.（是的。） No, you neednt.（不，不

9、必了。） 4.need need（需要） 既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。 1) need 作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句。例如： Its warm today. You neednt put on your coat. Need I post your books to you? 2) need 作及物动词时： need sth to do sth doing sth 四四情态动词常见句型情态动词常见句型 1、Can I help you? Yes, please. / No, thanks. 2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形? Yes, can. No, cant. 3、Can I

10、borrow your book?-Yes, of course. 4、Can I write on the book? -No, you cantmustnt. 5、Could Can you help me?- Yes, of course.Certainly. Sure. 6、Could Can you tell me the way to the Zoo? 7、May I come in ?- Come in, please. 8、May I sit here?- Yes, please.Sorry, please dont. 9、May I have some Coke?- Yes,

11、 of course. 10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom? -Speaking. Whos calling? 11、should 、shouldnt 表示劝告： 1) He should get up early. 2) She shouldnt play computer game too much. 12、Should +主语 +动词原形? Yes, should. No, shouldnt. 13、表示建议“你愿意吗” -Would you like to go shopping with me? -Yes, Id love to. /Id love

12、to. But Im busy now. 14、就餐用语 Would you like something to eatdrink? -Yes, Id like 15、shall 用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议 “好吗?” 1) Where shall we have dinner? 2) Shall we go fishing? -All right. OK. Good idea. 16、Must + 主语 + 动词原形? -Yes, must.No, neednt. 1.1. 情态动词的种类和主要用法；情态动词的种类和主要用法； 2.2. 各各个情态动词之间的意义区

13、分；个情态动词之间的意义区分； 3.3. 常见的含有情态动词的口语；常见的含有情态动词的口语； 适当的情态动词填空适当的情态动词填空: 1. Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you _. 2. _ I use your car? Yes, you _. 3. _ I go home now? No, you _ stay here. 4. My mother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her. 5. _ you like some tea? 6. You _ take more exe

14、rcise. 7. _ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park? 8. The clock _ tell us the time. 9. _ you like to go fishing with me? 10. _ we play football this afternoon? This is Lucy and that is Lily. They are twins. They look 1 . They are 2 . They are new students in 3 class. They are 4 Grade One. Jim c

15、an 5 them. They are new 6 . They go to the shop(商店) . They would like something 7 and drink. Lucy would like 8 some bread. Lily would like 9 a bottle of 10 . Jim would like some apples. ( )1.A. a same B. the same C. same D. an same ( )2.A. twin B. sisters C. brothers D. American ( )3.A. Jim B. of Ji

16、m C. Jims D. of Jims ( )4.A. on B. at C. in D. of ( )5.A. look like B. look after C. look at D. look ( )6.A. teachers B. student C. friends D. boys ( )7.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats ( )8.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats ( )9.A. to drink B. to eat C. to give D. drink ( )10.A. orange B. an ora

17、nge C. oranges D. some orange Its a fine day today. Jims families 1 having a picnic(野餐) .They put a big cloth (布)on the ground(地面). 2 it are some yellow bananas, red apples, 3 and some white eggs. The woman in the white trousers 4 Mrs Green. She is thirty-five . She is 5 English teacher in No. 12 Mi

18、ddle School. The man is 6 father. He is forty. His shirt is black and his trousers 7 yellow. He is a teacher, too. They have a black car, but you cant see 8 in the picture. 9 that boy? Thats Jim. He is drinking(喝水).His shirt is green. The girl 10 him is his sister, Kate. 11 is in a red dress today.

19、Can you see the bag? Yes, its behind their father. What a nice picture 12 . ( )1.A. is B. are C. isnt D. arent ( )2.A. In B. Near C. On D. Under ( )3.A.oranges oranges B.orange oranges C.orange orange D. oranges orange ( )4.A. is B. are C. in D. am ( )5.A. a B. the C. an D. x ( )6.A. Sam B. Sams C.

20、Samss D. Sams ( )7.A. are B. be C. is D. have ( )8.A. them B. him C. it D. her ( )9.A. Whats B. Whos C. Wheres D. Hows ( )10.A. back B. behind C. of D. to ( )11.A. Her B. Hers C. She D. He ( )12.A. is it B. it is C. is D. it A A 选出正确答案。选出正确答案。 1）Lucy should her homework now. A. finishes B. finishing

21、 C. finished D. finish 2）My mother would back soon. A. came B. comes C. come D. will come 3）Could you me a hand. A. giving B. gives C. given D. give 4）Should I now. A. started B. starting C. start D. starts 5） I take this one? A. Could B. Will C. Are D. Do 6）- Can you speak English? - No, I . A. mus

22、tnt B. cant C. couldnt D. may not 7）You go and see a doctor because you had a fever(发烧). A. could B. might C. should D. would 8）Jim come tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. should B. might C. would D. shall 9）The children play football on the road. A. couldnt B. could C. must D. mustnt 10）- Can I

23、 take this book out? - No, you . A. must not B. could not C. will not D. arent 11）I like to go with you. A. could B. would C. should D. will 12）She is bleeding (流血). She go to hospital quickly. A. could B. would C. should D. will 13）You watch TV after finishing your homework. A. would B. can C. must

24、 D. should 14）It is late. I go home now. A. could B. would C. should D. will 15）- What I do at the meeting? A. has to B. would like C. should D. not should B B 按要求改写句子按要求改写句子。 1. I can swim fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句) 2. You must return the books now.（一般疑问句） - _ I the books now? - No, you _. 3. They cou

25、ld take the books out of the room. （否定句） They _ _ the books out of the room. 4. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well? 5. You should get up early. (否定句) You _ get up late. 6. Could I borrow your pen? (肯定否定回答) C C Mr Hu 1 us English this term. He is nice. He 2 wearing a white sh

26、irt and black trousers. He 3 very good English . He often 4 with us. We all like him very much. Mr Hu 5 two little sons. Theyre twin brothers. They are only five. They often 6 the same clothes. 7 Betty goes to Mr Hus home. She loves to 8 the twins and play with 9 . Mr Hu 10 his sons, Bao Bao and Bei

27、 Bei. ( )1.A. tells B. teaches C. speaks D. works ( )2.A. is B. likes C. want D. does ( )3.A. speaks B. says C. tells D. teaches ( )4.A. says B. speaks C. talks D. tells ( )5.A. wants B. has C. looks after D. teaches ( )6.A. wear B. put on C. have D. in ( )7.A. But B. And C. Then D. Sometimes ( )8.A

28、. look B. think C. take D. see ( )9.A. twins B. ones C. they D. them ( )10.A. calls B. name C. thinks D. think ( ) 1、You _ be careful with fire when you have a picnic in the forest. Its too dangerous. A、will B、must C、 can D、may ( ) 2、- Tom , dont drive too fast , you _ hit the others cars. - OK , I

29、wont , Mum. A、must B、need C、 may D、have to ( ) 3、You gave made the same mistake once again. You _ be more careful next time. A、can B、may C、 had to D、should ( ) 4、- What are you going to eat for supper? - I _ have noodles. A、need to B、must C、 may D、can ( ) 5、- May I put my bike here? - No, you _. You

30、 should put it over there. A、chouldnt B、neednt C、 mustnt D、wont ( ) 6、- _ you come to my birthday party tomorrow, Robert? - Im afraid not. I have to study for my exam. A、Must B、Should C、 Can D、need ( ) 7、- _ you play golf? - No.But I can play table tennis. A、Can B、May C、 Must D、Should ( ) 8、- Jill l

31、ooks so painful, there _ be something wrong with her. - Oh, dear! Wed better take her to the nearest hospital at once. A、can B、should C、 would D、must ( ) 9、- Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _know, her name is Joe. A、must B、may C、 D、 ( ) 10、That tall boy _ be John. John is medium

32、height. A、mustnt B、must C、 cant D、might ( ) 11、- My car was broken down. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow. - Im sorry I _ . Im leaving for London tonight. A、cant B、mustnt C、 couldnt D、shouldnt ( ) 12、- Shall we go shopping now ? - Im afraid we _ buy anything. All shops are closed. A、cant B、n

33、eednt C、 mustnt D、shouldnt ( ) 13、- Must I stay here for hours? - No, you _. You can leave any time. A、mustnt B、neednt C、 cant D、can ( ) 14、- May I go surfing alone this afternoon? - No, you _ . Its dangerous. A、may not B、cant C、 neednt D、dont ( ) 15、You _ stop your car when the traffic light is red

34、. A、must B、may C、 can D、might 单项选择。单项选择。 （ ）1. you like some milk ? A. Would B. Could C. Can （ ）2. We pick the flower in the park. A. cant B. dont C. mustnt ( ) 3.W e should more trees, and we shouldnt cut any trees. A. plant B. planting C. plants ( ) 4.May I have some coffee? A. Yes, you have. B. Y

35、es, you can. C. Yes, certainly. ( ) 5.Shall we visit the factory? A. Yes, we do. B. Yes, we shall. B. All right. ( ) 6.Would you like something to eat? A. Yes, we would. B. Yes, Id like some cakes. C. Yes, of course. ( ) 7. What can I do for you? A. Yes, you can. B. No, I can do it. C. Yes. Id like

36、some oranges. Jim and Bill are 1 .They are 2 twelve. They are American and they are in the same class 3 their school. 4 Li is 5 English teacher. He is a good 6 . They love 7 very much. They have two good 8 . 9 names are Lucy and Lily. They are 10 . ( )1.A. teachers B. workers C. students D. twin ( )

37、2.A. both B. all C. too D. two ( )3.A. at B. in C. of D. to ( )4.A. Mr B. Mrs C. Miss D. Teacher ( )5.A. a B. an C. their D. they ( )6.A. worker B. teacher C. father D. mother ( )7.A. her B. his C. he D. him ( )8.A. friends B. students C. brothers D. sisters ( )9.A. Their B. Our C. They D. Theyre ( )10.A. all American B. American girl C. America D. American teacher