小六英语第4讲：形容词（学生版）.docx

1、第 4 讲 形容词 形容词的用法：形容词的用法： （一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容 词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。 【难点】 （二）形容词的种类 1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如： The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。 2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如： She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一

2、件蓝色的外套。 3. -ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如： 4. ed 形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容 词，如： She looked tired. 5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的 （三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置 1、形容词在句中主要可用作： 1）定语： What a fine day! 2）表语： She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语） ： Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？ 4）状语： He arr

3、ived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。 【重点】 2） 当形容词词组形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时， 或形容词用来修饰 somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如： The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐感兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？ 三、形容词的比较等级：三、形容词的比较等级： （一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 1单音

4、节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成 情况 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况 加-er 或-est new long newer longer newest longest 以 e 结尾的词 加-r 或-st fine late finer later finest latest 以“辅音+y” 结尾 的词 变y为i再加-er 或 -est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 重读闭音节的词 末尾只有一个辅 音字母 先双写辅音字母， 再加-er 或-est hot thin fat hotter thinner fatter

5、hottest thinnest fattest 2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加 more 或 most。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 【重点】 3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least

6、 far farther farthest old older oldest （二） 形容词比较级的用法 1形容词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ 2也可以和 than 连用，表示两者相比，than 后可以跟： a. 名词或代词： He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。 b. 动名词： Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。 c. 从句： I was a better singer than he

7、 was. 我唱歌比他好。 （三） 形容词比较级的修饰语 1形容词比较级前可加 much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly 之类表示程度的状语： Hes feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。 2也可在比较级前 any, no, some, even, still 这类词： Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？ 3比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词： My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。 【难点】 （四）形容词比较级的特殊用

8、法 1和 more 有关的词组 ： 1) the morethe more 越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，进步越大。 2) no more than 与一样。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 3） more than 超过，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和 less 有关的词组 1) less than

9、 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多达 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了 2 百万人。 3) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。 3还有 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1) not so/asas。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2) 当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式： as +形

10、容词+ a +单数名词/； as + many much +名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。 3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在 as 的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。 （五） 形容词最高级用法 1the

11、+ 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 说明说明 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要 的问题。 注意注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 （错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （对） To

12、m is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如： This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。 3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： Mike is more

13、intelligent than any other students in his class. （六）形容词最高级的特殊用法 1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词 the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。 2.形容词最高级还可和 at 构成许多短语作状语，如 at best, at least, at most 等。 例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。 1、 了解形容词，掌握形容词的作用 2、 形容词的同级。比较级和最高级的用法 1. We want to go to

14、 Japan to have a _ study. A. farther B. farthest C. further D. furthest 解析：far 有两个比较级 farther 是路远，further 是有抽象的意思进一步，这个题目中是 深造，有进一步学习的意思，故答案是 c 2. The meeting hall is _ to hold 5000 people. A. large enough B. enough large C. so large D. too large 解析：enough 修饰形容词和副词放在后边，足够大的表达是 large enough。故答案是 a 3.

15、 When spring comes, the trees get _. A. green and green B. green and greener C. greener and green D. greener and greener 解析：get 后加比较级，越来越。 。 。后边是两个比较级连用故答案是 D 4. My _ brother is three years _ than I . A. old; older B. elder ; older C. older; elder D. old; elder 解析：题目是我的哥哥比我大三岁，第一个是年长的用 elder，后一个是大 o

16、lder，故答 案是 B 5. This year our school is _ than it was last year. A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C. the most beautiful D. beautiful 解析：than 用比较级，只有答案 A 是，故选择 A 6. _ the ground is, _ air becomes. A. The high; the thin B. The highest; the thinnest C. The higher; the thiner D. The higher; the

17、thinner 解析：the 加比较级，the 加比较级的用法，C 的拼写不对，故答案是 D A 部分基础练习 根据句意填入单词的正确形式根据句意填入单词的正确形式 1. Maria is _ (thin). Lucy is _ (thin) than Mary. 2. Mike is _ (heavy) boy in his class. 3. Tom is not as_ (tall) as the other boys. 4. I am much _ (well) than yesterday. 5. This skirt is _ (expensive) of the three. 6

18、. Today is _ (busy) day this week. 7. That is _ (easy) of all. 8. He is _ (clever) boy in the class. 9. John is _ (short) than Tom. 10. This box is _ (heavy) than that one. B 部分提高练习 1. Paris is one of _ cities in the world. A. more beautifully B. more beautiful C. the most beautifully D. the most be

19、autiful 2. The Yellow River is one of _ in China. A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river D. the long river 3. The coat is _ than the cap. A. cheap B. cheapest C. much cheaper D. the cheapest 4. When spring comes, days are getting _. A. warm and warm B. warmer and warmer C. mo

20、re warmer D more and more warm 5. I think it is too small. I want a _ one. A. bigger B. biggest C. bigger D. more bigger C 部分阅读专项练习 Babysitter (临时照顾幼儿者临时照顾幼儿者) Wanted Do you like children? Do you have free time in the afternoon? We need a babysitter for our son. He is five years old. Hours are 3:00

21、pm to 6:00 pm from Monday to Friday. Sometimes you have to work on the weekend. Pay (薪水) is $10 each hour. For the job, you will: Watch our son Read to him Play with him You will work at our house. We live in Fourth Road, near Hoaxing Clothes Store. Please call Mr. Wang at 010-58899333. 阅读上面的招聘信息，选择

22、正确答案。 ( ) 1. On Friday, the babysitter will _. A. not work B. get $10 C. live there D. work three hours ( ) 2. _ is not a part of the job. A. Cooking for the child B. Working at the childs house C. Taking care of the child D. Reading books to the child ( ) 3. The babysitter must _. A. drive a car to

23、 work B. go to the office to work C. play with the child D. work every Saturday and Sunday ( ) 4. Which of the following is true? _. A. The child is less than (不足) ten years old. B. The babysitter must be a college student (大学生). C. The babysitter must work six days a week. D. The babysitter can get

24、 more pay on weekends. ( ) 5. The best babysitter for the job _. A. get $10 every day B. is busy on Wednesday afternoon C. cant read story-books D. likes playing with children A Trip to the Forest One day Bob took two of his friends into the mountains. They put up their tents (帐篷) and then rode off

25、to a forest to see how the trees were growing. In the afternoon when they were about ten kilometers from their camp(营地), it started to snow. More and more snow fell. Soon Bob could hardly see his hands before his face. He could not find the road. Bob knew there were two roads. One road went to the c

26、amp, and the other went to his house. But all was white snow. Everything was the same. How could he take his friends back to the camp? Bob had an idea. The horses! Let the horses take them back! But what would happen if the horses took the road to his house? That would be a trip of thirty-five kilom

27、eters in such cold weather! It was getting late. They rode on(一直骑) and on. At last the horses stopped. Where were they? None of them could tell. John looked around（环顾四周）. What was that under the tree? It was one of their tents! ( ) 1. John and his two friends went to the forest to _. A. build their

28、camp B. find their way home C. enjoy the mountains in the snow D. watch the trees in the forest ( ) 2. They could not find their way back because _. A. there was only one road to their camp B. they couldnt decide which of the two roads led to their tents C. there were no roads in the mountains at al

29、l D. everything was covered by the white snow ( ) 3. It is clear that they wanted the horses to take them to _. A. Johns house B. the camp C. the forest D. the mountains ( ) 4. The horses stopped because_. A. it was getting late B. they were tired after running for a long way C. they knew that they

30、had got to the camp D. they had seen Johns house ( ) 5. The story happened _. A. on a cold winter day B. on a dark snowy evening C. in a cold camp far from villages D. at night when nothing could be seen 一单项选择。 （ ）1Who is _than you ？ Aheavy Bheavyer Cheavier （ ）2My arms are longer than _ Ayou Byour

31、Cyours （ ）3My little sister is four years _ than me Asmall Byoung Cyounger （ ）4My fish is smaller than _ ATom BToms CToms （ ）5Mike is 45kg He is _than John Athin Bthiner Cthinner （ ）6Amy is taller _ Sue Athan Bthen Cthat （ ）7I am bigger and _than you Astrong Bstronger Cstrongger （ ）8Your dog is smal

32、ler than _ Amine B my CI （ ）9How big are your _ ？ Afoot Bfeet Cfoots （ ）10He is a good _ Aswim Bswimer Cswimmer 一 下列各句中均有一处错误, 请找出并改正在后面的横线上。 （ ）1I m taller than this giraffes！ _ A B C D （ ）2Its tail is longer _ A B C D （ ）3You re taller than you brother _ A B C D （ ）4Which monkey does you like？ _ A

33、 B C D （ ）5My arm are longer than yours_ A B C D （ ）6I am biger and taller than you _ A B C D （ ）7A sperm whale has 50 tooth _ A B C D （ ）8My fish is smaller than Sarahs_ A B C D ( ) 1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as ( ) 2 When we speak to people,

34、we should be _ . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly ( ) 3 This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as

35、 expensive ( ) 4 I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting ( ) 5 His father began to work_ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while 阅读练习 A Mexico （墨西哥） s neighbors are the United States to the north an

36、d Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the worlds largest Spanish-speaking country. Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The

37、city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 meters). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day. About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo. Mexico a

38、lso has its specialties. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country. ( ) 1. Mexico

39、is _the USA. A. on the south of B. on the north of C. a part of D. as large as ( ) 2. Mexicans speak_. A. English C. French B. Spanish D. Latin (拉丁语) ( ) 3. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico. B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000. C. Tokyo is one of

40、 the cities with the largest population. D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world. ( ) 4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in _. A. America B. Spain C. Tokyo D. Mexico ( ) 5. The best title (题目) of the passage is _. A. Mexico City B. Mexicos plants C. Mexico D. Mexicos population B Peter w

41、as a small boy. He lived with his parents in a small house near some hills. The people there were all poor. One night it was very dry and windy. When everybody was asleep, Peter suddenly heard some noise. It came out from the kitchen (厨房). He got up and walked to the kitchen. He found that the wood

42、beside the stove (火炉) was burning . There was no water tap (水龙头) in the house , so he could not put out (扑灭) the fire . He shouted loudly to wake up everyone in the house. Then he ran out of his house and knocked on the doors of many houses to wake the people up. They all left their houses quickly.

43、At last the fire was put out by the firemen(消防员). Many houses were burnt. But nobody was burnt in the fire. 1Peter lived with his_. Asisters Bbrothers Cuncles Dparents 2One night he found that_ beside the stove was burning. Athe table Bthe wood Cthe door Dthe window 3_, so he could not put out the f

44、ire. AEverybody was asleep BHe couldnt shout loudly CThe kitchen was very big DThere was no water tap in the house 4Peter knocked on the doors of many houses_. Ato wake the people up Bto get some water Cto find his classmates Dto visit them 5_hurt in the fire. APeople in other houses were BPeters parents were CNobody was DPeter was