外研版九年级下册英语Module 1 辅导材料.zip
as long as 有两个意思,一是用于本义,意为“与一样长(久)”,在否定句 中,也可说成 (not) so long as;二是用于引申义,表示“只要”,用于此义时 也可说成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句)。如: This river is as long as that one. 这条河与那条河一条长。 He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在国外长达五年之久。 He didnt stay there as so long as she. 他在那儿住得 不如她久。 As long as it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我们就可以去。只要不下雨,我们就可以去。 As So long as you need me, Ill stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。从词性上看从词性上看 because 是连词,其后接句子;because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动 名词、what 从句等。如: I didnt buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。 He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。 He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我们对此只字未提。 He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 注意:because of 之后可接 what 从句,但不能接 that 从句或没有引导词的句 子。如: 他因病未来。 误:He didnt come because of he was ill. 误:He didnt come because of that he was ill. 正:He didnt come because he was ill. 正:He didnt come because of his illness. 比较以下同义句: 他离开了这家公司,是因为老板在会上讲的话。 正:He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. 正:He left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting. 我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。 正:I cant stop fighting because I have a family. 正:I cant stop fighting because of having a family. 从用法上看从用法上看 because 所引导的从句除用作原因状语外,还可用作表语。如: It is because he loves you. 那是因为他爱你。 而复合介词 because of 所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。如: 他因雨缺席。 误:His absence was because of the rain. 正:His absence was due to the rain. 正:He was absent because of the rain. 但是有时若主语是代词(不是名词),也可以用 because of 引出的短语作表语。 如: It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。 That was because of his sickness. 那是因为他生病的原因。中考考点一:可数名词与不可数名词 真题展示 1. Have you heard the good news? No, what _? A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 2. How many _ do you want every week? A. milk B. water C. apples 虽然大多数英语名词可以根据汉语中数的概念来区分是否可数,但这些可以 根据常识判断的却并不一定是中考考查的重点。备考时大家要注意两点:1)可 以表达两种以上概念的名词,要注意区分什么情况下可数,什么情况下不可数; 2) 对于一些以 s 结尾的貌似可数名词复数的单词,要特别引起注意。3) 要记住 可数名词与不可数名词对限定词(包括冠词、数词、形容词等)的不同要求。 大家再来看这两道中考题。第 1 题,news 虽然以 s 结尾,却并非复数可数 名词,而是一个不可数名词,没有单复数的区别,其代词应当用 it,谓语动词 应当用单数,所以选 A。第 2 题,how many 意为“多少”,只能对可数名词的量 进行提问,后面应当接可数名词复数,三个选项中只有 apples 是可数名词复数, 所以选 C。 中考考点二:名词所有格 真题展示 _ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams 名词所有格表示所有关系,有两种表示方式。 s 常用于有生命的名词后面构 成所有格,但在表示距离、时间、天体、国家、城市等无生命名词的后面也可 用s 构成所有格。of 常用于构成无生命名词的所有格。表示两个人共同拥有某 物时,其所有格在第二个人的名字上体现;表示两个人分别拥有某物时,其所 有格在两个人的名字上都要有体现。 在本题中,由于空白处后的 room 为单数名词,可知这里的房间不可能是两 个人分别所有的房间,两人共有某物时,应当在后一个人的名字后加s,所以 选 C。 中考考点三:冠词 真题展示 I looked under _ table and found _ pen I lost yesterday. A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; / 定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示泛指,这是冠词最基本的用法,其他许多用 法最终都可以用“泛指”和“特指”来解释。此外,还有一部分不能归结为“泛指” 和“特指”,仅仅是人们约定俗成的用法而已,对于这种情况,需要平时多注意 积累。 本题中,在桌子下寻找,必然是在某“特定的”桌子下,所以第一个空白处应 当用定冠词;找到的钢笔是昨日丢的那支钢笔,也是特指,应当用定冠词,所 以选 B。 中考考点四:基数词与序数词 真题展示 1. Peter, how old is your father this year? _. And we just had a party for his _ birthday last weekend. A. Fortieth; forty B. Forty; forty C. Forty; fortieth D. Fortieth; fortieth 2. All the teachers live on _ floor. A. the second B. two C. second 基数词表示事物的数目,而序数词则表示事物的顺序。对于基数词和序数词, 大家首先要掌握基数词和序数词的用法,还要掌握基数词与序数词互换的规律。 第 1 题的第一个空白处应当是对上句询问年龄的回答,应当用基数词;第二 个空白处表示他的第几个生日,应当用序数词,所以选 C。第 2 题, “住在二楼” 应当用序数词,而序数词前一般应当用定冠词 the,所以选 A。冠词用法专项练习与解析冠词用法专项练习与解析 I.冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划。 1There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door,please 7There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east 9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time? 11Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12 _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 14 _ old man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper 15After I had _ quick breakfast,I hurried to school 16Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat? 17They went to _ Peoples Park,but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday 18I often watch _ TV in _ evening 19 _ day of _ December 20,1999 is Monday 20Tomorrow is _ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _ Christmas tree today 21I think _ maths is more important than any other subject 22He often goes to _ school by _ bike 23What does this _ word mean, _ Father? 24What _ important news! II.选择填空。 1Does Jim have _ ruler? Yes,he has _ Aan;some Ba;one Ca; Dany;one 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ;The Bthe;An Ca;The Dthe;The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have? I have _ bookThats _ English book Aa;an Ba;one Cone;an Done;one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6 _ tiger is _ China AThe;a BA;the CThe;from DThe;the 7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe;the Bthe; Ca; D; 8 _ useful book it is! AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _ “s”on the corner of _ handbag Aa;an;the Ba;a;the Can;an;an Dthe;a;a 10 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting AAn;an;a BThe;an CThe;a DThe;the 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA;a BThe;the CA;the DThe;a 12 _ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe;a BA; CA;the DAn;the 13 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA;an BThe;a CThe;the DA;the 14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer Aa;a Ba;the C;a Da; 15They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our school Aa Ban Cthe D 17Is he _ American boy ? Aan Ba Cone D 18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school? A; B;the Cthe; Da; 19They passed our school _ day before yesterday Aan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 21She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa;The Ban;The Can;A Dthe;The 22This is _ appleIts _ big apple Aan;a Ba;the Ca;an Dan;the 23Look at _ horse over there Aa Ban Cthe D 24Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerous Aa Ban C Dthe 25There is _ old woman in the car A Bthe Ca Dan 26Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of China Aa;a Bthe;the C;the Da;the 27Shanghai is in _ east of China A Ban Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half years Aa Ban Cthe D 29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ football Aa;the Ban;the Ca; Dan; 30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ bus Aan; Ban;a Ca; D; 初中英语冠词用法专项练习答案与详解 I1a;an;the 2a;an。第一个空的 a 是泛指,第二个空的 an 是指“一小时”。 3An;a。这两个空都是泛指,故都用不定冠词。 4The;the;a。前两个空都是特指,故填 the;后一个空中的 a 相当于 every 或 each,three times a day 意为“一天三次”。 5a。go out for a walk 意为“出去散步”。 6the 7a;The。前者泛指,后者特指。 8The;the。第一个空用 the 表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个 空用 the 是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 9The;the,。第一空用 the 是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空 用 the 是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词 前一般不加冠词。 10a。a second time 意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time 意为“第二 次”。此句填 a 是表示动作的重复,而不能用 the(表顺序)。 11the;the。第一个 the 是特指美国的首都。第二个 the 是在由普通名词 构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12The。“the 姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构 成的专有名词前应加 the。 13the;。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 14The a;。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 15a。三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加冠词,此处是泛指,故 用 a。 16;。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗?”前两个空也可 填定冠词,意为:“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗?” 17the;the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加 the。 18;the。TV 前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。 19The;。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20;a21。学科名称前一般不加冠词。 22;。go to school 上学。by bike 骑自行车。 23;。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24。注意 news 是不可数名词,故不能加 a。 II 1B。第一空是泛指;第二空的 one 是不定代词,用以替代前面的 ruler。 2A 3C。这是一句谚语,意思是“一天吃一个苹果,用不着看医生。” 4C。one 强调数量,用以回答“Howmany?”问句;第二个空是泛 指,故用 an。 5A。one 虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素w开头,故填 a。 6C。此句意为:“这只老虎来自中国。” 7B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词 the;at night“在夜晚”, 注意该短语中没有冠词。 8C 9A。“s”虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素e开头,故填 an。 10D。第一个空填 the,是特指那个“白发老太太”;第二个空不填冠词, 是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English 后面如有 language,就得说 the English language。“在会议上”应为 at the meeting。 11B。the Great Wall 长城。 12C。第一个空是泛指,用 a;第二个空是河流名称,故用 the。 13B。第一个空:“那边的那个妇女”,是特指;第二个空是指那个妇女的 身份、职业,是泛指。 14D。第一个空是泛指;第二个空用“零冠词”是因为 turn 后面的名词前 一般都不加冠词。 15D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。 16B17A 18A。after school 放学以后。 19D。the day before yesterday 前天。 20B21B。第一空泛指,第二空特指。 22A。两个空都是泛指。 23C 24C 25D 26D 27D。in the east of 在某地区(内)的东部。 28A。two and a half years 也可说成 two years and a half,意思都是“两年 半”。 29D 30A。half an hour 半小时,by bus 乘公共汽车。初中英语冠词的分类和用法讲解初中英语冠词的分类和用法讲解 不定冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。 英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 不定冠词 a(an)与数词 one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a 用于辅音音素前,一般读作e, 而 an 则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。 1)表示“一个”,意为 one;指某人或某物,意为 a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2)代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3)词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 定冠词的用法 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this,that 同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个 名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物: 如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词 only,very,same 等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11)用在惯用语中: in the day,in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 零冠词的用法 1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary; 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词; They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词; Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词; Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。 5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词; The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词; 如:have breakfast,play chess 8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词; I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。 9)当 by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train; 10)有些个体名词不用冠词; 如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,cou rt 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义; go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠词的序数词; a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词:He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中:at (the)first,first of all,from first to last一、at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所的场合,它也可以用来表示比喻 意。at the end of 后边可以跟时间和地点名词,表示“在.末 如 at the end of this month 在这个月末, at the end of last month ,at the end of next month ,at the end of the road 在路的尽头 等 The school is situated at the end of the street 该校位于这条街的尽头。 Well have an exam in English at the end of January 一月底我们要参加英语考试。 They were at the end of their patience 他们忍无可忍。 He is at the end of his wits 他智穷才尽,束手无策。 二、by the end of 用于表示时间的场合,往往含有“不迟于”的意味。值得注 意的是,at the end of 亦可用于表示时间的场合(见上面第二个例句) ,但 其义和 by the end of 有所不同。试对比下面两例: at the end of January 一月底(指一月份的最后一天) by the end of January 一月底之前(指一月份结束前的几天) We are to complete the task by the end of the year 年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。 Their communication is at an end 他们的交往到此为止。 by the end of 是“到.末”的意思,后边跟不同的时间会有不同的含义和用 法。 A 跟将来的时间,就用一般将来时,如 By the end of next month,I will finish reading this book. (到下个月末,我将读完这本书) 。 B 跟现在的时间,就用现在完成时,如 By the end of this week ,I have written two books. (到这个星期末,我已经写了两本书了) C 跟过去的时间,用过去完成时 By the end of last month, I had planted thousands of trees. (到上个月末,我已经种了数千棵树了) 三、in the end 的涵义是“终于”、 “最后”,其义相当于 at last。例: Im sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end 我确信,最后一切都会令人满意的。 In the end things will mend 船到桥头自会直。 拓展拓展: at an end 在一端 in the end 最后,终于(与 at last ,finally 相近) by the end of 到.为止 (常与完成时态连用) at the end 在.末端 在.后期英语冠词用法汇总英语冠词用法汇总 冠词冠词 Article 一、冠词的定义一、冠词的定义 冠词是一种虚词,本身不能独立使用,只能置于名词之前,帮助说明名词所指的人 或事物及该名词的含义.这个概念在汉语中没有,只在英语中存在. 二、冠词的分类二、冠词的分类 冠词分为定冠词(the)及不定冠词(a, an)两类. 1.定冠词(the) 定冠词 the 表示这,那,这些,那些之意,用于可数的单复数名词或不可数名 词前.例如: the apple 这(那)个苹果 the books 这些(那些)书 the red one 红色的那个 the bigger one 那个更大的 2.不定冠词(a, an) 不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前,表示一的概念,但不强调数目,只表示该名词不 是特定者.a(an)表示一的意义时,不如 one 的数字概念强.例如: a pen 一支钢笔 an egg 一个鸡蛋 a student 一个学生 an apple 一个苹果 三、定冠词三、定冠词 the 的用法的用法 (1)指代上文已提到过的人或事物.例如: He has a new pen. The pen was bought in America. 他有一枝新钢笔.这枝钢笔是在美国买的. There is a book called Gone with the Wind on my shelf. The book was written by a foreign writer. 我的书架上有一本名为飘的书.这本书是一位外国作家写的. I saw a film last night. The film is very interesting. 昨天晚上我看了一部电影.这部电影非常有趣. (2)特指谈话双方都熟悉的某(些)人或某(些)事物.例如: The bag on the desk isnt mine. 桌子上的那个书包不是我的. The angry man on the screen is David. 荧屏上的那个怒气冲冲的男人是大卫. Is the city of Nanjing beautiful 南京这座城市漂亮吗 (3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如: The moon is the satellite of the earth. 月球是地球的卫星. The world is changing all the time. 世界无时无刻不在变化着. The sun is far away from the earth. 太阳离地球很远. (4)用在序数词,形容词的最高级前及由 only 修饰的名词前.例如: The first lesson is as difficult as the last one. 第一课和最后一课一样难. This moon cake is the nicest of all. 这块月饼是所有月饼中最好吃的. She is the only person who was late today. 她是今天惟一的迟到者. (5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如: the Summer Palace 颐和园 the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 the USA 美国 the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the Great Wall 长城 the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 (6)用在江河,湖泊,海洋,山脉,群岛等的名词前.例如: the Yellow River 黄河 the Black Sea 黑海 the West Lake 西湖 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 (7)用在姓氏复数前,表示某某一家人或某某夫妇.例如: the Greens 格林一家人(格林夫妇) the Wangs 王家(姓王的夫妇) the Kings 金一家人(金夫妇) the Lis 李家(姓李的夫妇) 注意 the+姓氏复数作主语,谓语动词用复数.例如: The Greens are watching TV at the moment. 格林一家现在正在看电视. The Whites do their cooking at home only at the weekend. 怀特夫妇仅在周末才在 家做饭. (8)the 后加某些形容词,表示一类人或事物.例如: the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the clever 聪明人 the blind 盲人 (9)用在乐器前面.例如: play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 (10)用在the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级结构中,表示越越.例 如: The more, the better. 越多越好. The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be. 你锻炼得越多,身体就越健康. The more we get together, the happier we are. 我们相处得越多,就越觉得快乐. (11)当名词被短语或从句修饰时,该名词前用冠词.例如: The man under th
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as long as 有两个意思,一是用于本义,意为“与一样长(久)”,在否定句 中,也可说成 (not) so long as;二是用于引申义,表示“只要”,用于此义时 也可说成 so long as(不管是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句)。如: This river is as long as that one. 这条河与那条河一条长。 He lived abroad as long as five years. 他住在国外长达五年之久。 He didnt stay there as so long as she. 他在那儿住得 不如她久。 As long as it doesnt rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我们就可以去。只要不下雨,我们就可以去。 As So long as you need me, Ill stay. 只要你需要我,我就留下。从词性上看从词性上看 because 是连词,其后接句子;because of 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动 名词、what 从句等。如: I didnt buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。 He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。 He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。 We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿,我们对此只字未提。 He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。 注意:because of 之后可接 what 从句,但不能接 that 从句或没有引导词的句 子。如: 他因病未来。 误:He didnt come because of he was ill. 误:He didnt come because of that he was ill. 正:He didnt come because he was ill. 正:He didnt come because of his illness. 比较以下同义句: 他离开了这家公司,是因为老板在会上讲的话。 正:He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. 正:He left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting. 我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。 正:I cant stop fighting because I have a family. 正:I cant stop fighting because of having a family. 从用法上看从用法上看 because 所引导的从句除用作原因状语外,还可用作表语。如: It is because he loves you. 那是因为他爱你。 而复合介词 because of 所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。如: 他因雨缺席。 误:His absence was because of the rain. 正:His absence was due to the rain. 正:He was absent because of the rain. 但是有时若主语是代词(不是名词),也可以用 because of 引出的短语作表语。 如: It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。 That was because of his sickness. 那是因为他生病的原因。中考考点一:可数名词与不可数名词 真题展示 1. Have you heard the good news? No, what ______? A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 2. How many ______ do you want every week? A. milk B. water C. apples 虽然大多数英语名词可以根据汉语中数的概念来区分是否可数,但这些可以 根据常识判断的却并不一定是中考考查的重点。备考时大家要注意两点:1)可 以表达两种以上概念的名词,要注意区分什么情况下可数,什么情况下不可数; 2) 对于一些以 s 结尾的貌似可数名词复数的单词,要特别引起注意。3) 要记住 可数名词与不可数名词对限定词(包括冠词、数词、形容词等)的不同要求。 大家再来看这两道中考题。第 1 题,news 虽然以 s 结尾,却并非复数可数 名词,而是一个不可数名词,没有单复数的区别,其代词应当用 it,谓语动词 应当用单数,所以选 A。第 2 题,how many 意为“多少”,只能对可数名词的量 进行提问,后面应当接可数名词复数,三个选项中只有 apples 是可数名词复数, 所以选 C。 中考考点二:名词所有格 真题展示 _______ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A. Tom and Sam B. Toms and Sam C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams 名词所有格表示所有关系,有两种表示方式。 s 常用于有生命的名词后面构 成所有格,但在表示距离、时间、天体、国家、城市等无生命名词的后面也可 用s 构成所有格。of 常用于构成无生命名词的所有格。表示两个人共同拥有某 物时,其所有格在第二个人的名字上体现;表示两个人分别拥有某物时,其所 有格在两个人的名字上都要有体现。 在本题中,由于空白处后的 room 为单数名词,可知这里的房间不可能是两 个人分别所有的房间,两人共有某物时,应当在后一个人的名字后加s,所以 选 C。 中考考点三:冠词 真题展示 I looked under ___ table and found ___ pen I lost yesterday. A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; / 定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示泛指,这是冠词最基本的用法,其他许多用 法最终都可以用“泛指”和“特指”来解释。此外,还有一部分不能归结为“泛指” 和“特指”,仅仅是人们约定俗成的用法而已,对于这种情况,需要平时多注意 积累。 本题中,在桌子下寻找,必然是在某“特定的”桌子下,所以第一个空白处应 当用定冠词;找到的钢笔是昨日丢的那支钢笔,也是特指,应当用定冠词,所 以选 B。 中考考点四:基数词与序数词 真题展示 1. Peter, how old is your father this year? ____. And we just had a party for his ____ birthday last weekend. A. Fortieth; forty B. Forty; forty C. Forty; fortieth D. Fortieth; fortieth 2. All the teachers live on ______ floor. A. the second B. two C. second 基数词表示事物的数目,而序数词则表示事物的顺序。对于基数词和序数词, 大家首先要掌握基数词和序数词的用法,还要掌握基数词与序数词互换的规律。 第 1 题的第一个空白处应当是对上句询问年龄的回答,应当用基数词;第二 个空白处表示他的第几个生日,应当用序数词,所以选 C。第 2 题, “住在二楼” 应当用序数词,而序数词前一般应当用定冠词 the,所以选 A。冠词用法专项练习与解析冠词用法专项练习与解析 I.冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划。 1There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall 2This is _______ useful bookIve read it for _______ hour 3 _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse 4 _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day 5Lets go out for _______ walk 6Its too hotOpen _______ door,please 7There is _______ woman over there _______ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _______ sun rises in _______ east 9 _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China 10Are you going to do it _______ second time? 11Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA 12 _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street 13He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995 14 _______ old man is _______ teacherHe likes playing _______ basketball after _______ supper 15After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school 16Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat? 17They went to _______ Peoples Park,but we both went to _______ Peoples Cinema yesterday 18I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening 19 _______ day of _______ December 20,1999 is Monday 20Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today 21I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject 22He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike 23What does this _______ word mean, _______ Father? 24What _______ important news! II.选择填空。 1Does Jim have _______ ruler? Yes,he has _______ Aan;some Ba;one Ca; Dany;one 2There is _______ old bike _______ old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ;The Bthe;An Ca;The Dthe;The 3 _______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have? I have _______ bookThats _______ English book Aa;an Ba;one Cone;an Done;one 5At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby Aa Ban Cthe D 6 _______ tiger is _______ China AThe;a BA;the CThe;from DThe;the 7We cant see _______ sun at _______ night Athe;the Bthe; Ca; D; 8 _______ useful book it is! AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _______ handbagThere was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag Aa;an;the Ba;a;the Can;an;an Dthe;a;a 10 _______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting AAn;an;a BThe;an CThe;a DThe;the 11 _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world AA;a BThe;the CA;the DThe;a 12 _______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe;a BA; CA;the DAn;the 13 _______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school AA;an BThe;a CThe;the DA;the 14He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer Aa;a Ba;the C;a Da; 15They made him _______ king Aa Bthe Can D 16His father is _______ English teacherHe works in our school Aa Ban Cthe D 17Is he _______ American boy ? Aan Ba Cone D 18Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school? A; B;the Cthe; Da; 19They passed our school _______ day before yesterday Aan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _______ English-speaking country Aa Ban Cthe D 21She has _______ orange skirt _______ skirt is nice Aa;The Ban;The Can;A Dthe;The 22This is _______ appleIts _______ big apple Aan;a Ba;the Ca;an Dan;the 23Look at _______ horse over there Aa Ban Cthe D 24Dont play _______ basketball hereIts dangerous Aa Ban C Dthe 25There is _______ old woman in the car A Bthe Ca Dan 26Beijing is _______ beautiful cityIts _______ capital of China Aa;a Bthe;the C;the Da;the 27Shanghai is in _______ east of China A Ban Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years Aa Ban Cthe D 29Bill is _______ English teacherHe likes playing _______ football Aa;the Ban;the Ca; Dan; 30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus Aan; Ban;a Ca; D; 初中英语冠词用法专项练习答案与详解 I1a;an;the 2a;an。第一个空的 a 是泛指,第二个空的 an 是指“一小时”。 3An;a。这两个空都是泛指,故都用不定冠词。 4The;the;a。前两个空都是特指,故填 the;后一个空中的 a 相当于 every 或 each,three times a day 意为“一天三次”。 5a。go out for a walk 意为“出去散步”。 6the 7a;The。前者泛指,后者特指。 8The;the。第一个空用 the 表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个 空用 the 是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 9The;the,。第一空用 the 是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空 用 the 是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词 前一般不加冠词。 10a。a second time 意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the second time 意为“第二 次”。此句填 a 是表示动作的重复,而不能用 the(表顺序)。 11the;the。第一个 the 是特指美国的首都。第二个 the 是在由普通名词 构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12The。“the 姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构 成的专有名词前应加 the。 13the;。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 14The a;。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 15a。三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加冠词,此处是泛指,故 用 a。 16;。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗?”前两个空也可 填定冠词,意为:“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗?” 17the;the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加 the。 18;the。TV 前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。 19The;。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20;a21。学科名称前一般不加冠词。 22;。go to school 上学。by bike 骑自行车。 23;。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24。注意 news 是不可数名词,故不能加 a。 II 1B。第一空是泛指;第二空的 one 是不定代词,用以替代前面的 ruler。 2A 3C。这是一句谚语,意思是“一天吃一个苹果,用不着看医生。” 4C。one 强调数量,用以回答“Howmany?”问句;第二个空是泛 指,故用 an。 5A。one 虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素w开头,故填 a。 6C。此句意为:“这只老虎来自中国。” 7B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词 the;at night“在夜晚”, 注意该短语中没有冠词。 8C 9A。“s”虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素e开头,故填 an。 10D。第一个空填 the,是特指那个“白发老太太”;第二个空不填冠词, 是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English 后面如有 language,就得说 the English language。“在会议上”应为 at the meeting。 11B。the Great Wall 长城。 12C。第一个空是泛指,用 a;第二个空是河流名称,故用 the。 13B。第一个空:“那边的那个妇女”,是特指;第二个空是指那个妇女的 身份、职业,是泛指。 14D。第一个空是泛指;第二个空用“零冠词”是因为 turn 后面的名词前 一般都不加冠词。 15D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。 16B17A 18A。after school 放学以后。 19D。the day before yesterday 前天。 20B21B。第一空泛指,第二空特指。 22A。两个空都是泛指。 23C 24C 25D 26D 27D。in the east of 在某地区(内)的东部。 28A。two and a half years 也可说成 two years and a half,意思都是“两年 半”。 29D 30A。half an hour 半小时,by bus 乘公共汽车。初中英语冠词的分类和用法讲解初中英语冠词的分类和用法讲解 不定冠词的用法 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。 英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 不定冠词 a(an)与数词 one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a 用于辅音音素前,一般读作e, 而 an 则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。 1)表示“一个”,意为 one;指某人或某物,意为 a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2)代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3)词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 定冠词的用法 定冠词 the 与指示代词 this,that 同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个 名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物: 如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词 only,very,same 等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11)用在惯用语中: in the day,in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre 零冠词的用法 1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary; 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词; They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词; Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。 4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词; Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。 5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词; The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词; 如:have breakfast,play chess 8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词; I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。 9)当 by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train; 10)有些个体名词不用冠词; 如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,cou rt 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义; go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠词的序数词; a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词:He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中:at (the)first,first of all,from first to last一、at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所的场合,它也可以用来表示比喻 意。at the end of 后边可以跟时间和地点名词,表示“在.末 如 at the end of this month 在这个月末, at the end of last month ,at the end of next month ,at the end of the road 在路的尽头 等 The school is situated at the end of the street 该校位于这条街的尽头。 Well have an exam in English at the end of January 一月底我们要参加英语考试。 They were at the end of their patience 他们忍无可忍。 He is at the end of his wits 他智穷才尽,束手无策。 二、by the end of 用于表示时间的场合,往往含有“不迟于”的意味。值得注 意的是,at the end of 亦可用于表示时间的场合(见上面第二个例句) ,但 其义和 by the end of 有所不同。试对比下面两例: at the end of January 一月底(指一月份的最后一天) by the end of January 一月底之前(指一月份结束前的几天) We are to complete the task by the end of the year 年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。 Their communication is at an end 他们的交往到此为止。 by the end of 是“到.末”的意思,后边跟不同的时间会有不同的含义和用 法。 A 跟将来的时间,就用一般将来时,如 By the end of next month,I will finish reading this book. (到下个月末,我将读完这本书) 。 B 跟现在的时间,就用现在完成时,如 By the end of this week ,I have written two books. (到这个星期末,我已经写了两本书了) C 跟过去的时间,用过去完成时 By the end of last month, I had planted thousands of trees. (到上个月末,我已经种了数千棵树了) 三、in the end 的涵义是“终于”、 “最后”,其义相当于 at last。例: Im sure everything will turn out satisfactory in the end 我确信,最后一切都会令人满意的。 In the end things will mend 船到桥头自会直。 拓展拓展: at an end 在一端 in the end 最后,终于(与 at last ,finally 相近) by the end of 到.为止 (常与完成时态连用) at the end 在.末端 在.后期英语冠词用法汇总英语冠词用法汇总 冠词冠词 Article 一、冠词的定义一、冠词的定义 冠词是一种虚词,本身不能独立使用,只能置于名词之前,帮助说明名词所指的人 或事物及该名词的含义.这个概念在汉语中没有,只在英语中存在. 二、冠词的分类二、冠词的分类 冠词分为定冠词(the)及不定冠词(a, an)两类. 1.定冠词(the) 定冠词 the 表示这,那,这些,那些之意,用于可数的单复数名词或不可数名 词前.例如: the apple 这(那)个苹果 the books 这些(那些)书 the red one 红色的那个 the bigger one 那个更大的 2.不定冠词(a, an) 不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前,表示一的概念,但不强调数目,只表示该名词不 是特定者.a(an)表示一的意义时,不如 one 的数字概念强.例如: a pen 一支钢笔 an egg 一个鸡蛋 a student 一个学生 an apple 一个苹果 三、定冠词三、定冠词 the 的用法的用法 (1)指代上文已提到过的人或事物.例如: He has a new pen. The pen was bought in America. 他有一枝新钢笔.这枝钢笔是在美国买的. There is a book called Gone with the Wind on my shelf. The book was written by a foreign writer. 我的书架上有一本名为飘的书.这本书是一位外国作家写的. I saw a film last night. The film is very interesting. 昨天晚上我看了一部电影.这部电影非常有趣. (2)特指谈话双方都熟悉的某(些)人或某(些)事物.例如: The bag on the desk isnt mine. 桌子上的那个书包不是我的. The angry man on the screen is David. 荧屏上的那个怒气冲冲的男人是大卫. Is the city of Nanjing beautiful 南京这座城市漂亮吗 (3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如: The moon is the satellite of the earth. 月球是地球的卫星. The world is changing all the time. 世界无时无刻不在变化着. The sun is far away from the earth. 太阳离地球很远. (4)用在序数词,形容词的最高级前及由 only 修饰的名词前.例如: The first lesson is as difficult as the last one. 第一课和最后一课一样难. This moon cake is the nicest of all. 这块月饼是所有月饼中最好吃的. She is the only person who was late today. 她是今天惟一的迟到者. (5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如: the Summer Palace 颐和园 the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 the USA 美国 the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the Great Wall 长城 the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 (6)用在江河,湖泊,海洋,山脉,群岛等的名词前.例如: the Yellow River 黄河 the Black Sea 黑海 the West Lake 西湖 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 (7)用在姓氏复数前,表示某某一家人或某某夫妇.例如: the Greens 格林一家人(格林夫妇) the Wangs 王家(姓王的夫妇) the Kings 金一家人(金夫妇) the Lis 李家(姓李的夫妇) 注意 the+姓氏复数作主语,谓语动词用复数.例如: The Greens are watching TV at the moment. 格林一家现在正在看电视. The Whites do their cooking at home only at the weekend. 怀特夫妇仅在周末才在 家做饭. (8)the 后加某些形容词,表示一类人或事物.例如: the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the clever 聪明人 the blind 盲人 (9)用在乐器前面.例如: play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 (10)用在the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级结构中,表示越越.例 如: The more, the better. 越多越好. The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be. 你锻炼得越多,身体就越健康. The more we get together, the happier we are. 我们相处得越多,就越觉得快乐. (11)当名词被短语或从句修饰时,该名词前用冠词.例如: The man under th
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