2021届 上海市金山区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题精选汇编：任务型阅读专题含答案.doc

1、任务型阅读专题 上海市金山区 2020 届高三英语二模考试试题 Section C Directions: Read the following. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Are Bamboo-Eating Pandas Really Herbivores? On the outside, giant pandas lo

2、ok like herbivores(食草动物). They spend nearly all of their waking hours eating bamboo. But on the inside, theyre built like carnivores(食肉动物). About half of the calories they eat come from protein, according to a new study. The ancestor of giant pandas were omnivorous(杂食的). They are both animals and pl

3、ants, and had the digestive system and gut bacteria to metabolize(使发生新陈代谢)them. They had umami taste receptors, to appreciate the flavors of meat. However, about 2.4 million years ago, things began to change. _47_ Their jaw and teeth evolved to help them crush bamboo, and their wrist bone became cap

4、able of grasping the stalks(杆)of their favorite plant. Scientists think pandas switched to eating bamboo partly because they didnt have to fight with other animals to get it. Bamboo is high in fiber but has a low concentration of nutrients, so pandas have to eat 20 to 40 pounds of the plant every da

5、y just to get by. David Raubenheimer, a nutritional ecologist at the University of Sydney, and his colleagues put GPS trackers on two giant pandas and followed their movement throughout the year. They discovered that the pandas followed the protein. _48_ At the start of the cycle, they ate Bashania

6、fargesii leaves until they got the chance to feast on young shoots, which contained more protein. The more the shoots grew, the more their protein was diluted(冲淡)by fiber. That caused the pandas to move to higher ground, where Fargesia qinlingensis grew. First, they ate the shoots, but these, too, w

7、ent from being protein - rich to fiber-rich as they grew. The panda responded by switching to the leaves. _49_ The researchers found that about half of the calories the pandas ate were in the form of protein. _50_ They can know exactly where to go, and when to go, so they can get the most of the nut

8、rients that their ecosystem can provide, said Silvia Pineda - Munoz, who was not involved in the study. The work also shows that classifying an animals as herbivore or carnivore is more complex than one might sassume. Its not whether youre eating plants but what of the plants youre eating, said Pine

9、da - Munoz. A. Between August and April, they sought food in low elevations(海拔)on Chinas Qinling Mountains. B. Scientists think the research show that pandas are very clever. C. Pandas eat bamboo all day long except when they are sleeping or playing. D. The gene for their umami taste receptors becam

10、e inactive. E. They fed on them until they went back down the mountain and started eating Bashania fargesii leaves again. F. Scientists have conducted many studies on pandas eating habits. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究发现，大熊猫的内在是动物的结构，它们看起来吃竹 子，其实摄入的大部分是蛋白质，这是它们喜欢吃嫩枝以及每天吃大量竹子的原因

11、。并介绍了 大熊猫从食肉到食草的转变过程。将动物分类为食草动物或食肉动物比人们想象的要复杂得 多。 【47 题详解】 上文 However, about 2.4 million years ago, things began to change.(然而，大约 240 万年前，事情 开始发生改变)与 D. The gene for their umami taste receptors became inactive.(它们的“鲜味受 体”基因变得不活跃)承接自然，选项是对上文改变的具体说明，change 和 become 是关键词， 故选 D 项。 【48 题详解】 下文 At the sta

12、rt of the cycle, they ate Bashania fargesii leaves until they got the chance to feast on young shoots, which contained more protein.(在这个周期的开始，它们吃巴山木竹的叶子，直到 有机会饱餐含更多蛋白质的嫩枝)与 A. Between August and April, they sought food in low elevations on Chinas Qinling Mountains.(8 月和 4 月之间，它们在中国秦岭山脉的低海拔地区寻 找食物)承接

13、自然，下文中的 the cycle 就是选项提到 8 月到 4 月在中国秦岭山脉的低海拔地区 寻找食物的活动，故选 A 项。 【49 题详解】 上文 First, they ate the shoots, but these, too, went from being protein - rich to fiber-rich as they grew. The panda responded by switching to the leaves.(首先，它们吃嫩枝，但随着它们的生长，这些嫩 枝也从富含蛋白质变成富含纤维。 熊猫的反应是转向叶子)与 E. They fed on them unt

14、il they went back down the mountain and started eating Bashania fargesii leaves again.(它们以它们为食， 直到它 们回到山下，再次开始吃巴山木竹的叶子)承接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述熊猫先以嫩枝 为食，然后转向以叶为食，故选 E 项。 【50 题详解】 下文They can know exactly where to go, and when to go, so they can get the most of the nutrients that their ecosystem can provide,

15、said Silvia Pineda - Munoz, who was not involved in the study.(“它们可以准确地知道去哪里，什么时候去，所以它们可以获得生态系统所能提供的大部 分营养”Silvia Pineda Munoz 说，她没有参与这项研究)与 B. Scientists think the research show that pandas are very clever.(科学家认为这项研究表明熊猫很聪明)承接自然，下文是熊猫聪明的 具体表现，故选 B 项。 上海市金山区 2019 届高三英语二模考试试题 Section C Directions: Co

16、mplete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The North Star Among the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course,

17、is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. _67_. Therefore, it is a great compass(指南针).When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their

18、destinations. Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude(纬度). As long as the equation

19、s were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. _68_ To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things._69_.Its possible for a captain to make an accidental wrong turn. The ship could become

20、 stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailors fears wouldnt be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights. _70_. The Big Dippe

21、r, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, its comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky. A. Its not difficult to tell the Polaris apart

22、from the pile of other stars in the universe. B. People who are lost can be relieved by gazing up at Polaris. C. By knowing directions and their location, sailors could easily steer their ships. D. They could destroy entire journeys by blocking the view of Polaris. E. Its certain that the Polaris is

23、 part of a constellation(星座), which is not far from it. F. It is special because it is the only star that always appears to be in the same place in the sky. 【答案】67. F 68. C 69. D 70. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文属于说明文，介绍北极星对我们的作用和意义。 【67 题详解】 根据后一句 Therefore, it is a great compass(指南针).可知，因此是一个很好的指南针，讲述北极 星的作用，F 选

24、项，北极星特殊之处在于它似乎总在天空的同一个位置，故可以用作指南针， 切题，故选 F。 【68 题详解】 根据前一句 Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West 可知，北极星可以帮助 水手确定东南西北方向，C 选项，确定方向和位置之后，就可以调整航线，切题，故选 C。 【69 题详解】 根据前一句 To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.可知，对于夜间航行的人来说，变

25、幻莫测的风暴和黑云是最让人头疼的，D 选项，这些 东西可以通过遮蔽北极星让整个航线变得困难重重，紧接前一句，切题，故选 D。 【70 题详解】 根据后一句 The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris.可知，北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转，A 选项，不难区分北极星和其他星 星，后文讲述北极星的特别之处，切题，故选 A。 【点睛】六选四做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画 一些线索， 再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用

26、来判断正确答案。 带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。 另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此， 文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确 定的题目。 比如小题 4，根据后一句 The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris.可知，北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转，A 选项，不难区分北极星 和其他星星，后文讲述北极星的特别之处，切题，故选 A。 上海市金山区 2018

27、 届高三英语二模考试试题 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. If we see a line moving faster, we might switch without having enough extra informa

28、tion. B. About one in five people grew impatient at the back of the queue and switched to the other line in the hope of speeding things up. C. Do you hold your nerve and stay put, switch to another line in the hope it moves faster, or give up altogether? D. Based on his study, Buell says people shou

29、ld think hard about switching queues when they are the last in a line. E. In an unpublished working paper on the research, Buell notes that people tend to feel unhappiest at the back of a queue for the first 10 seconds or so. F. Although the number of people behind you has nothing to do with how lon

30、g you are going to wait, it shapes your behavior. No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. _67_ This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they

31、 have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues. The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when

32、they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret. Buell began by observing people at a

33、 multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. The

34、y started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave. _68_ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved. “When we join a queue, we te

35、nd to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. _69_ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell. _70_ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably unt

36、il someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said. 上海市金山区 2017 届高三英语二模考试试题 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sent

37、ence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Exoplanets：The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to

38、our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. _67_ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and conf

39、irmations following in its wake. _68_ However, in 2015 NASAs Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable”zone. This is the distance form a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldnt be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our gala

40、xy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types

41、of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. _69_ For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the stars brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit（凌日）method of discovery. NASAS K

42、epler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. _70_ Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplan

43、ets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! 67-30 EBAC 上海市金山区 2016 届高三英语二模考试试题 Section C Directions: Read the passage ca

44、refully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Being a small business brings advantages the big ones can only dream of. Michael Heppell, author of the latest edition of “5 Star Service”, a book on customer service, has interesting take on this development

45、. “Im often amazed that smaller businesses think that the secret of success is to be more like the big ones, when in fact the opposite is true,” he said. He pointed to the very different stories of two fishmongers (鱼贩) in his home town. Having served customers including Heppell for many years, the t

46、wo were joined by a Tesco Extra, Waitrose and Marks & Spencer. The first fishmonger began to complain about these newly-arrived chains to the local press, and even his customers. He pointed out that he couldnt compete with them on price and finally closed down. “Fishmonger two was different,” explai

47、ned Heppell. “She worked hard to create a local brand and local loyalty. She would love to tell you about the fish, when and where it was caught and offer some little extras if you spent a few pounds more. She must have felt the effects of the three new arrivals in town but she didnt complain once.

48、She survived, and of course, since her competitor closed shes never been busier.” Small businesses that want to grow should stop trying to imitate the big names, advised Heppell. “Find out what they dont do that you can, and what you do that they cant. The secret is by providing brilliant levels of

49、service,” he went on to say. They should also start thinking about s peed, believes Heppell, and realize that this can differentiate them from larger competitors. “Smaller businesses can often change faster, adapt more easily and manage trends more quickly than the big boys. However, looking at many smaller businesses the opposite appears to be true. What can you do to get a first mover advantage?” Too often smaller business leaders feel that they have to offer whatever the larger players ar