高考英语语法复习：虚拟语气讲解及提升练习（有答案）.docx

1、高考语法复习：虚拟语气讲解及提升练习高考语法复习：虚拟语气讲解及提升练习 一、一、if 条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 虚拟情况 主句 从句 与现在事 实相反 主语should/would/ could/mightdo if主语过去 式(be 用 were) 与过去事 实相反 主语should/ would/could/might have done if主语had 过去分词 与将来事实 可能相反 主语should/would/ could/mightdo if主语过去 式/were to do/ shoulddo If the new safety system had b

2、een put to use，the accident would never have happened. 要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。 We would be back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. 如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。 Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very ofte

3、n. 格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。 易错提醒 (1)如果在表示虚拟语气的 if 从句中含有 were， had 或 should， 可将 if 省略， 然后将 were，had 或 should 移至主语之前。 (2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常 有明显的时间状语。 二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来， 而是隐含在某些词或短语中， 或隐含在 上下文中， 这叫含蓄虚拟语气。 常用的这类词或短语有： without(要是)没有； but for 要不是；

4、otherwise/or 否则等。 Do you have Bettys phone number? 你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ Yes.Otherwise，I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday. 有，不然我昨天就联系不上她了。 Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.要不 是托马斯 爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。 三、三、 虚拟语气在从句中的运用虚拟语气在从句中的运用 1在名词性从句中的运用 (1)在表

5、示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式 后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持 (insist)、 二命令(order， command)、 三要求(require， demand， request)、 四建议(suggest， advise， propose，recommend)。 She suggested that Dale join the debating team，believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and

6、recognition that he needed. 她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。 He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论 这个问题。 My desire is that we (should) not quarrel over such things again. 我的希望是我们不再为这样的事情争吵了。 易错提醒 当 suggest 作“暗示，表明”，insist 作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。 (2)在“It is/was

7、adj./donethat.”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形。常 见的形容词或过去分词有： important， necessary， strange， suggested， ordered， advised， requested， demanded 等。 It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。 It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hours exercise ev

8、ery day. 中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。 (3) wish 后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时，had过去分词和 could/might/would 动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去相反的情况和与将来情况可能相反。 I wish that I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天见到那个影星。 Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her. 埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。 (4) would rather 所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓

9、语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从 句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。 We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. 我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。 2三个固定句式中的虚拟语气 虚拟情况 句式 虚拟现在 虚拟过去 虚拟将来 if only 引导的条 件句及感叹句 过去式 had 过去分词 would/ could/might 动词原形 as if/tho

10、ugh引导的表语从 句及方式状语从句 过去式 had 过去分词 would/ could/might 动词原形 It is (high) time that. 过去式或 should动词原形 It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？ It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem. 确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。

11、Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teachers advice！ 看看我们所处的困 境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！ 易错提醒 当 as if/though 引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事 实时，从句要用陈述语气。 【技法点拨】 语法填空的一个完整句子中若没有别的谓语动词， 或者虽然已有谓语动词， 但需填的动 词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态和语态，还要注意主谓 一致和虚拟语气。 巩固提升：巩固提升： 一、单项选择一、单项选择 1Left to itself,

12、the place _ into a prosperous civilized community Awas to grow Bwere to grow Cshould have grown Dwould have grown 2Im sure he is keeping something backId rather he _ me the truth Atells Btold Chas told Dhad told 3The current population of the plant _ fit into the state of Taxes, if Taxes were settle

13、d as thickly as New York City Acould Bcan Cwill Dshould 4The proposal Father made this morning did sound feasible _ every member of the family _ one-third of his or her income in case of emergency Awhich, set aside Bthat, set aside Cwhich, sets aside Dthat, sets aside 5Without your encouragement and

14、 support, we _. Ashould not succeed Bwould not succeed Cwould have succeeded Dwould not have succeeded 6Which of the following is Wrong? ABut for his help, I wouldnt have done such a wonderful job in English. BHis house, all the windows of which face south, enjoys great sunshine. CNot until the resu

15、lt turned out to be so serious that he realized his fault. DIt is at this moment that he made the most important decision in his life. 7She said she would have sent a car for me _ that I was arriving today. Aif it didnt slip her mind Bif it werent to slip her mind Chad it not slipped her mind Dshoul

16、dnt it slipped her mind 8The officer command that the wounded _ to hospital as soon as possible. Awould be sent Bshould be sent Cneed to send Dshould send 9_ to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I _ not hesitate a moment to prefer

17、 the latter. AIf it were left would BShould it leave must CWould it be left should DWas it left would 10If God _everything in the world, the strange creatures in fossils _so many years before. Ahad created; shouldnt exist Bhad created; couldnt have existed Cshould create; wouldnt exist Dcreated; wou

18、ldnt have existed 11We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight. Awere enjoying Bwould have enjoyed Cwould be enjoying Dwill enjoy 12I _ a full mark in the last listening exam if I hadnt practiced it during the winter holiday. Adidnt got Bhadnt got Cwouldnt get Dwouldnt h

19、ave got 13We would have called a taxi yesterday if Jim _ us a lift. Adidnt give Bwouldnt give Chasnt given Dhadnt given 14This computer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first three months, we would repair it at our expense. Awould Bwere to Ccould Dmight 15_ ten years younger, I woul

20、d study abroad. AIf were I BI were CWere I DWas I 16Without your instruction, I _ such great progress. Acannot make Bwill not make Chad not made Dcould not have made 17In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he _ no chance of getting a degree. Awou

21、ld have Bhad Chad had Dwould have had 18Would you mind if I _ the window? Not at all. In fact, I was going to suggest you _ it. Aopen; did Bopened; to do Copen; doing Dopened; do 19If they had informed us, we _ here now. Awould not come Bwould have come Cwill not come Dmay not come 20Where are the c

22、hildren? The school bus is leaving. I wish they _ always late. Aarent Bwerent Cwouldnt be Dhadnt been 21 If I _ my dog run out in the street, it wouldnt have been injured by the car. Dont blame yourself any more. Owning a pet is a tough job. Ahadnt let Bdidnt let Cwouldnt let Dwouldnt have let 22If

23、he my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job. Afollowed Bshould follow Chad followed Dwould followed 23I wish I _ at my sisters wedding, but I was on a business trip in New York last weekend. Awill be Bwould be Cwere Dhad been 24 If you had brought your swimming suit with you, we _ swimming in the lake

24、 now. Acould go Bcould have gone Ccan go Dhave gone 25If I had known that, I _ so. Awouldnt have done Bdidnt do Cwont do Dwouldnt do 26The professor demanded that all the essays _ to him by Jan. 10th. Ahand in Bbe handed in Cshould hand in Dwere handed in 27If Wu Dajing _ the record in 2018 Winter O

25、lympics. he would not be world famous now. Ahadnt broken Bhasnt broken Cdidnt break Ddoesnt break 28Tom doesnt want to move to London because he thinks if he _there, he wouldnt be able to see his parents very often. Alives Bwere to live Chad lived Dwould live 29You _ something great, otherwise you w

26、ouldnt have got the promotion. Ashould do Bmust do Cshould have done Dmust have done 30The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ by 20 percent. Araised Bbe raised Cwould be raised Dcould raise 31If we _ a ticket earlier, we would be watching the film now. Ahave booked Bbooked Cbook Dhad b

27、ooked 32If I werent so tired, I _ with you to the movie tonight. Awill go Bwould have gone Cwould go Dwent 33What a sunny day! How I wish I _ on the beach enjoying the sunshine now! Awere Bhad been Cwould be Dshould be 34Did you enjoy your trip? Yes. But for your advice, we _ our stay in London half

28、 as much. Adidnt enjoy Bhadnt enjoyed Cwouldnt enjoy Dwouldnt have enjoyed 35If I for my English test, I wouldnt have got such a low grade. Ahad prepared Bprepared Cwere to prepare Dhave prepared 36How I wish I a large house with a beautiful garden! In your dream. It is expensive. AHas Bhad Cwill ha

29、ve Dhad had 37I was on a business trip then, otherwise I _ to the hospital for tests. Awent Bhad gone Cwould have gone Dwould go 38I wish I _ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present. Astudied Bhad studied Chave studied Dwill study 39They might have found a better hotel if they _

30、a few more kilometers. Adrove Bwould drive Cwere to drive Dhad driven 40He messed the project up, but he behaved as if nothing _. Ahad happened Bhappened Cwould happen Dwould have happened 41If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. Ahad been put Bwere put Cshould be

31、 put Dwould be put 42Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped. Atold Bhad told Cwere to tell Dwould tell 43If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. Ahave booked Bbooked Cbook Dhad booked 44We _back in the hotel now if you didnt lose

32、 the map Aare Bwere Cwould be Dwill be 45If I _it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it. Adidnt see Bwerent seeing Cwouldnt see Dhadnt seen 答案： 1D2B3A4B5D6C7C8B9A10B11C12D13D14B15C16D17D 18 D19 A20 B21 A22 C23 D24 A25 A26 B27 A28 B29 D30 B31 D32 C33 A 34D35A36B37C38B39D40A41A42B43D44C45D 二、汉译

33、英二、汉译英 1.在昨天的会议上，编辑坚持要求必须在第二天中午之前将新闻发布出去。(insist) 2.没有他的镇静和勇敢，一个九岁的男孩不可能在地震中虎口脱险的。(narrowly) 3.让我们震惊的是，她要求老师给她儿子提供频繁的说英语的机会以便他能很好地掌握这门 语言。 （demand） 4.显然，他缺乏经验，无法胜任这份工作。 (lack) 5.遍布我们城市各个角落的便利店满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt) 6.现在越来越多的野生动物正面临着灭绝的威胁，所以是我们要采取措施保护他们时候了。 (time) 7.只有队员之间加强配合并全力以赴，我校篮球队才能在决赛中战胜对手赢得

34、冠军。(Only) 8.但愿化妆品广告商们没做过任何虚假承诺。(If only) 9.老艺术家坚称那副杰作值得享有如此美誉。(deserve) 10.鉴于你由衷的自我批评，我本不该挑剔你的说话方式。(view) 11.只有证明旗下产品是安全的，这家公司才会繁荣发展，从而革新整个产业。(Only if) 12.他说起意大利就好像亲自去过似的。 （as if） 13.每天适度锻炼不仅能保持健康，还能使人精力充沛。 （basis） 14.由于缺乏自律性，他在上网课的时候忍不住偷看手机。 （help） 15.即便患有肺癌，他还是用两年的时间航游世界，其中四分之一的时间是在非洲度过的。 （Despite

35、） 答案答案 1.At yesterdays meeting, the editor insisted that the news (should) be released by noon the next day. 2.Without his calmness and bravery, it couldnt have been impossible for a nine-year-old boy to narrowly escape from death in the earthquake. 3.What shocked us was that she demanded the teache

36、r provide her son with the chance to speak English frequently so that he could have a better command of English. 4.Obviously,/It is obvious that he lacks experience and isnt/ cant be qualified for/to do the job. 5.The convenience stores which are located everywhere in our city meet peoples needs to

37、adapt to the fast-paced life. 6.Nowadays, more and more rare animals are threatened with extinction, so it is time for us to take action/it is time we took action to protect them. 7.Only when the team members strengthen their cooperation with each other and do their best/ spare no effort/go all out

38、will our school basketball team be able to beat/defeat the opponents in the final match and win the first prize/the championship. 8.If only cosmetic advertisers had never done any false promises. 9.The old artists insisted that the masterpiece deserved such a good reputation. 10.In view of your hone

39、st self-criticism, I shouldnt have found fault with the way you speak 11.Only if its products are proved safe can the company develop and innovate the whole industry. 12.He talked about Italy as if he had been there before. 13.Exercising moderately on a daily basis can not only keep you healthy, but also make you energetic. 14.Due to the lack of his self-discipline, he cant help glancing at the phone when having online courses. 15.Despite the fact that he had lung cancer, he still spent 2 years sailing around the world, of which a quarter was spent in Africa.