外研版七年级下册英语语法专题复习讲义：第11讲祈使句.docx

1、七年级下册语法专题七年级下册语法专题-祈使句祈使句 课前练习课前练习 . 单项选择。单项选择。 1. _ with fire. Its very dangerous. A. Playing B. Play C. Dont play D. Doesnt play 2Dont _ the radio. The baby is sleeping. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn over D. turn down 3. _ hard and youll make progress in English. A. Work B. To work C. Working D.

2、Worked 4. _ worried about me Mom. Ive grown up. A. Dont B. Dont be C. Not D. Not be 5. _ late again, Bill! A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not 6. _ cross the road until（直到）the traffic lights turn green. A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont 7. Please help me carry it, _? A. will I B. will you C.

3、 shall I D. shall we 8. Dont make so much noise, _? A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you 9. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing 10. _ me the truth, or Ill be angry. A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 【答案与解析】【答案与解析】 . 单项选择。单项选择。 1. C。从句子的后面意思可以判

4、断前面应该用否定句，本句子是祈使句，祈使句的否定句 是在句子前面加助动词 dont，在句子开头要大写。 2. B。本句子是考查祈使句的否定句的用法。从后面句子的意思“孩子在睡觉”可以理解前 面的句子是用祈使句的否定句表示“不要打开收音机”的意思。 3. A。本句为祈使句的肯定句。祈使句的肯定句以动词原形开头，故本题选 A。 4. B。此句是祈使句的否定句，祈使句的否定句用 dont+动词原形， “be worried about sth./sb.”意为“为担心” 。故本题选 B。 5. B。句意： “不要再晚了，Bill。 ” ，因此可知本句是 be 动词做谓语的祈使句的否定式。 以 Dont

5、 开头，后面用 be 的原形。 6. D。本句是行为动词的祈使句的否定式，在句首加 Dont. 7. B。肯定祈使句的反义疑问句，用 will you 或者 wont you。 8. A。否定祈使句的反义疑问句用 will you。 9. A。祈使句以动词原形开头。 10. D。祈使句以动词原形开头。 祈使句祈使句 【概念引入】【概念引入】 用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的谓语动词用原形，句 子没有主语，句末使用感叹号或者句号。 例如：Open the door quickly！ 快打开门！ 【用法讲解】【用法讲解】 1. 祈使句的肯定句。祈使句的肯定句。 1）以系动词

6、）以系动词 be 开头的祈使句。开头的祈使句。 这种句式的结构是：Be 动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等) 例如：Be quiet / quick! Be a good student! Be careful when crossing the street. 2）以实义动词开头的祈使句。）以实义动词开头的祈使句。 这种祈使句的常用结构为：行为动词原形其它成分。 例如：Come in, please！请进！ Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 3）let 句型。句型。 这种祈使句的常用结构为：Lets / let us+动词原形；或者是 L

7、et + 宾语+其他。 Lets play football！ 我们一起踢足球吧！ Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 2. 祈使句的否定句。祈使句的否定句。 1）Dont + 动词原形。动词原形。 Dont be careless. 别粗心。 Dont be late again. 不要再迟到。 Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 Dont look at your books. 不要看书。 2）Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式。引起的祈使句的否定形式。 a. Lets ( Let sb. ) + not + 动词原形。动词原形。 Lets

8、not say anything about it. 对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 b. Dont+ let+宾语宾语+动词原形动词原形+其他。其他。 Dont let Jim do that. 别让吉姆做那事。 Dont let us go, please. 请不要让我们走。 3）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No名词名词 / V-ing 形式”结构，表示“禁形式”结构，表示“禁 止做某事” 。止做某事” 。 例如： NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！ No parking

9、! 禁止停车！ 3.祈使句的反意疑问句。祈使句的反意疑问句。 1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或或 wont you。 Please open the door, will/ wont you? 请把门打开，好吗？ Be sure to write to us, will/ wont you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？ 2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。 Dont be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？ Dont smoke in the me

10、eting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ 3）以）以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we。 Lets turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ 以 let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 wont you. 例如：Let us stay here, will/ wont you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？ 4. 祈使句的回答。祈使句的回答。 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will 或 wont。 在回答具

11、有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点： 1) 形式一致：即 Yes 与 will 保持一致；No 与 wont 保持一致。 2) 意思相反：即 Yes 是 “不”的意思；No 是“是”的意思。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如： Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟 5. 祈使句使用时应注意的问题。祈使句使用时应注意的问题。 1）在表达请求或劝告时，有时为

12、了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末）在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末 please，但是，但是 如果如果 please 加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。 例如：Sit down, please. 请坐。 Please look after the twins. 请照顾一下双胞胎。 2）在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。）在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。 例如：This way, please. 请这边走。 3）有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用）有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用 do. 例如：D

13、o be careful！一定要小心！ 4）有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语）有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语 you，人名或，人名或 everybody, anybody 等不定代词。等不定代词。 例如：You sweep the floor and I clean the window. 你来扫地我来擦窗户。 Stand up, everybody. 请大家起立。 5）有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔）有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔 开。开。 例如：Put the shirt on the bed, Jim. 吉

14、姆，把衬衫放床上。 巩固练习巩固练习 【真题链接】 1. _ on the grass, or it will “cry”. A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Dont walk 2. _ swim in the river alone, Karen. Its too dangerous. A. Not B. Dont C. Doesnt 3. _ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market. A. Walk B. To walk C. W

15、alks D. Walking 4. Daniel，_ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant . 将以下祈使句改为否定式。将以下祈使句改为否定式。 1. Come here early. _ 2. Ask him. _ 3. Please wait for her. _ 4. Read the book carefully. _ 5. Sit under the tree, please. _ 6. Lets go there togethe

16、r. _ . 句型转换。句型转换。 1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句） _ _ again more slowly, please. 2. Lets watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句） Lets watch the sports games, _ _? 3. Please sit next to Nancy.（改为否定句） _ _ next to Nancy. 4. Dont forget to turn off（关掉）the lights, please.（改为反意疑问句） Dont fo

17、rget to turn off the lights, _ _? 5. Come to my house tomorrow.（改为反意疑问句） Come to my house tomorrow, _ _? . 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be)late. 2. _ (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping. 3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) pol

18、ite. 4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud. 5. _ (not, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry. 6. _ (look) out! A car is coming. 7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 8. _ (not, let) the baby cry. 9. Wear more clothes or you _ (catch) a cold. 10. Lets _ (not, say) any

19、thing about it. 【答案与解析】【答案与解析】 【真题链接】 1. D。祈使句的否定句，直接在动词原形前加 dont。 2. B。本句命令不要在河里独自游泳，有危险。否定祈使句。 3.A肯定祈使句，动词原形开头。Walk along the street意为“沿着这条街” 。 4. A。否定祈使句，命令别人不要做某事。动词原形前加 dont。 . 将以下祈使句改为否定式。将以下祈使句改为否定式。 1. Dont come here early. 2. Dont ask him. 3. Dont wait for her, please. 4. Dont read the book

20、 carefully. 5. Dont sit under the tree, please. 6. Lets not go there together. . 句型转换。句型转换。 1. Read it 2. shall we 3. Dont sit 4. will you 5. will / wont you . 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Dont be 2. Dont make 3. Dont speak, be 4. Dont talk, read 5. Dont leave 6. Look 7. Give 8. Dont let 9. w

21、ill catch 10. not say 课后综合练习课后综合练习 I. 单项选择。单项选择。 1_ are from _ ARussia；Russia BRussian；Russian CRussia；Russian DRussians；Russia 2Some _ like buying something for their friends when they get to a new place Avisiting Bvisit Cvisitors Dvisitor 3My son waved _ say goodbye Ato Bon Cwith Dfor 4Whats on _

22、side of the hill，mum? A big lake Aother Bothers Canother Dthe other 5Where would you like to go on vacation，Lily? Its hot hereId like to go _ Aanywhere cool Bcool somewhere Csomewhere cool Dcool anywhere 6Miss Chen is our English teacherShe always talks to us with a smile _ her face Aat Bin Cto Don

23、7Its _ to be quiet in public Apolite Bpolitely Cimpolite Dimpolitely 8Would you like some coffee? _ AHere you are BYes，just a little CPlease give me some DYes，I like 9_ get up late again ANot BNot be CDont DArent 10_ some orange in the bottle AThere is BThere are CThere has DThere have 11_ do you do

24、 when you meet a bad man? AWhat BWhen CHow DWhy 12Chinese often _ when meeting each other Ashake hands Bhug Cbow Dtouch nose 13How about _ sightseeing this afternoon? Good idea Ago Bgoing Cgoes Dto go 14Our English teacher will move _ here next week Ato Bwith Cat D/ 15I didnt finish my homework _ I

25、am ill Aso Bbecause of Cbecause Dthat 【真题链接】 1. A nice car! Is it yours? No, it isnt. I _ it from a friend of mine two days ago. A. borrow B. have borrowed C. will borrow D. borrowed 2. Its true that we are not born for . Aus Bours Courselves 3.Shall we go to Alberta for the summer holiday? _. Its o

26、ne of the worlds cleanest cities. A. Sounds great B. Not at all C. Youre kidding D. Youre welcome II. 完形填空。完形填空。 Today it is quite natural to find people shake hands in some situationsPeople all over the world shake hands for many different 1 We shake hands when we meet new people 2 during special f

27、estivalsPlayers often shake hands before or after 3 Business people shake hands when they make a deal Why do people shake hands 4 shaking feet? This is because of the fact that a long time ago most people 5 knives or guns If some of them decided that they did not want to 6 ， they would show their em

28、pty hands 7 people shook hands so that they could not 8 knives in their sleeves（袖子） Later on，hand-shaking became a symbol of 9 Now we dont have to 10 people with guns or knivesHowever，we still shake hands all the time! The reason is simpleit is still a way to show friendship 1Aideas Breasons Cthough

29、ts Dexcuses 2Aor Bas Cbut Dso 3Agames Bspeeches Cexercises Dprogrammes 4Asuch as Bas well as Cinstead of Dtogether with 5Alost Bbought Ccaught Dcarried 6Acheat Bfight Cdrop Dspeak 7APerhaps BHappily CCarefully DLuckily 8Ahide Blift Cpull Dpush 9Asuccess Bvictory Cpride Dpeace 10Atalk about Bworry ab

30、out Ctalk of Dworry with III. 阅读理解。阅读理解。 A One day a very rich family went on a trip to the countryside. The father wanted to show his son how poor people lived, so they spent a day and a night on the farm of a very poor family. When they got back from their trip, the father asked his son, “My dear

31、son, how was the trip?” “Very good, dad!” “Did you see how poor people lived?” the father asked, “Yeah!” “And what did you learn?” The son answered, “We have a dog at home, and they have four. We have a pool that is in the middle of the garden and they have a river that has no end. We have very expe

32、nsive lamps in the garden and they have the stars.” When the little boy finished, his father was speechless. 1. How long was their trip to the countryside? A. About 24 hours. B. About 12 hours. C. About 48 hours. D. less than 12 hours. 2. The father wanted to show his son_. A. how poor their family

33、was B. how rich their family was C. where the poor lived D. how the poor people lived 3. The word “speechless” means _. A.寡言少语的 B.毫无兴趣的 C.无话可说的 D.胸无点墨的 4. What did the boy think of the trip? A. So-so. B. Very good. C. Not good. D. I dont know. 5. The rich man has a pool _. A. in the front of his gar

34、den B. in the middle of his garden C. in the front of his house D. in the middle of his house B Nowadays more and more people in the world are getting fatter, which troubles them a lot. In the past 25 years, there have been more and more people with obesity(肥胖症) in Europe. Experts say that it has a

35、lot to do with our eating habits. Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. Most of us like eating sweets and ice cream better than vegetables and rice. Sweets and ice cream are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may t

36、ake away our appetite(食欲). Its important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel worried or excited we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges（法官） often decided whether a man was telling the truth by giving him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow

37、(吞) the bread, it meant that he wasnt telling the truth. A man who is worrying something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry, and because he loses his appetite. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1. Are more and more people getting fatter in the world? 2. Do most of us like eating sweets or vegetables better? 3.

38、What may happen to people when they feel worried or excited? 4. Why did the judges give some dry bread to the man in old England? 5. What are good eating habits? C Mr. Robin（知更鸟）had his house in a tree. His four baby robins lived in it. They grew very fast. Soon the house was too little for them. “I

39、t is time for you to fly,” said Mr. Robin. “Oh, we can not fly,” said the baby robins. “You can, if you try, ” said Mr. Robin. A robin tried. He flew into a tree. “Oh, how interesting!” said the little robin. “I like to fly. See me go!” Then the other robins tried. In a little while they could all f

40、ly. The robins could fly, but they could not sing. “No, Dad, we can not sing.” “You can, if you try. Hear the other birds sing. Look at the pretty flowers and the blue sky. Then you will want to sing. Hear me sing to you. Now sing for me.” One little robin sang. Then they all sang. A little girl cam

41、e by. “Wow, hear the birds sing!” she said. “How happy they are!” 1. How many baby robins lived in the house? A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D.7 2. What did Mr. Robin ask his babies to do first? A. To fly. B. To jump. C. To look for food. D. To build houses. 3. How did the little robin feel when he flew into a t

42、ree? A. Interested. B. Bored. C. Tired. D. Worried. 4. What else did the baby robins learn to do? A. To have dinner. B. To take a trip. C. To have a party. D. To sing. 5. What did the girl think of the birds? A. They were poor. B. They were rude. C. They were happy. D. They were sad. IV. 书面表达。书面表达。

43、根据中文提示写一篇不少于根据中文提示写一篇不少于 60 词的短文。词的短文。 不同的国家喜欢吃不同的食物， 例如中国人喜欢吃饺子和面条， 日本人喜欢吃生鱼片。 美国人则以快餐闻名于世。不同的国家人们用不同的餐具，中国人喜欢用筷子，西方人喜 欢用刀叉。不同国家人们做不同的事，很有趣。 参考词汇：dumpling，uncooked food，chopsticks，Westerners 答案与解析答案与解析 I. 单项选择。单项选择。 1.D。Russians 表示俄罗斯人的复数；Russia 意为“俄罗斯”。 2.C。 “visitors” 表示“旅游者”且是复数形式。 3.A。waved to

44、say goodbye 意为“挥手告别”。 4. D。one.the other 表示“两个物体中的一个和另一个”，这里指”山的一边和另一边”。 5. C。somewhere cool 意为“某些凉爽的地方”，形容词修饰 somewhere 要后置。 6. D。with a smile on ones face 意为“某人脸上面带微笑”。 7.A。考查句式“it is+形容词+to do sth”，意为“做某事怎么样”。句意为“在公共场合保持安 静是礼貌的”。 8.B。 “Would you like.”是征求对方的意愿，肯定回答一般用 “Yes，Id like to.”,这里的 to 不能省

45、掉。当然这里的 B 选项也是可以的。表达对方愿意来一点咖啡。 9.C。这里考查祈使句的否定句，直接在动词前面加上 Dont 即可。 10.A。考查 there be 句式，因为这里 orange 是不可数名词，意为“橘汁”，所以选 A。 11. A。句意为“当你遇到一个坏人时怎么办?”。比较各个选项，只能选 what 作 do 的宾语。 12. A。句意为“中国人见面时经常握握手”。shake hands 意为“握手”。 13.B。How about doing sth 表示征求对方的意见，意为“做某事怎么样?”。 14. D。move to 后接一地方，表示“搬家到某地”，这里 here 是

46、地点副词，不用 to。 15. C。because of 后接短语，because 后接句子，都表示“因为”。故选 C。 【真题链接】 1. D。根据时间状语“two days ago”可知，应用一般过去时。故选 D。 2. C。句意：的确，我们生来不是为了我们自己。us“我们”，宾格形式； ours“我们的（东 西）”，名词性物主代词； ourselves“我们自己”，反身代词。此处主语 we 对应的反身代词 是 ourselves。故选 C。 3. A。句意：我们去亚伯达度暑假好吗？那听起来不错。它是世界上最干净的城市 之一。Sounds great.“听起来很好”；Not at all.

47、“一点也不”；Youre kidding.“你在开玩笑吧”； “Youre welcome.”不客气。根据句意，故选 A。 II. 完形填空。完形填空。 1.B。句意为“世界人民握手是为了各种各样的理由”。reason 意为“理由”。 2.A。句意为“我们在见到新人或特殊的节日里会握手”。or 表示选择关系。 3.A。由 player 可知是在比赛前后，所以选 A。 4.C。句意为“握手而不握脚”，instead of 意为“代替，而不是”。 5.D。carry 意为“携带”，catch 意为“接住，抓住”。根据短文意境，应该选 C。 6.B。fight 意为“打架，打仗”， ，这里指不想打仗

48、，握手来表示和好。 7.A。perhaps 意为“或许”，表示可能性，是作者的推测，符合文意。 8.A。hide 意为“隐藏”，句意表示“握手来证明刀枪没有藏在袖子里”。 9.D。句意为“后来，握手变成了和平的象征”。 10.B。“.dont have to worry about .”意为“不必担心”。符合文意。 III. 阅读理解。阅读理解。 A 篇篇 1. A。由第一段第二句“. they spent a day and a night on the farm.”可知。 2. D。由第一段第二句“The father wanted to show his son how poor people lived.”可知。 3. C。通读全文，尤其是儿子对父亲提问的回答可知，父亲生气而无话可说。 4. B。由