外研版七年级下册英语语法专题复习讲义：第 2讲 指示代词的用法名词所有格.doc

1、- 1 - 第二讲第二讲 指示代词与名词所有格指示代词与名词所有格 课前小测课前小测 1. _(赵敏的鞋) are white. 2. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new. 3. _(John 和 Sally 的母亲) are American. 4. _(Tony 哥哥的电脑) is broken. 5. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th. 6. Are these _(男生们的书包) ? 7. That is _(Tom 和李雷的教室). 8. 那些是糖(candies)吗？ 9. 这是我的床。 10. 这些是你的笔记本(notebooks)吗？ 11. -

2、 这是什么？ - 是 Lucy 的风筝。 答案：1.Zhao Mins shoes 2.Lin Hong and Zhang Weis 3.Johns and Sallys mother 4.Tonys brothers computer 5.Mothers Day 6.the boys bags 7.Tom and Li Leis classroom 8.Are these candies? 9.This is my bed. 10.Are these your notebooks? 11.What is this? It is Lucys kite. 考点一考点一 指示代词指示代词 thi

3、s, that, these 和 those 是指示代词， these 是 this 的复数形式, 指时间, 距离较近的或下 面要提到的人或事; those 是 that 的复数形式, 指时间、 距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事 物。 This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？ 易错点：易错点： 1：this 和 that 是指示代词 距离说话人近的人或物用 this, 距离说话人远的人或物用 that。 - 2

4、- 如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) 2： 放在一起的两样东西，先说 this, 后说 that。 如： This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is a pencil. 那是一支铅笔。 3： 向别人介绍某人时说 This is, 不说 That is。 如：This is Helen. 这是海伦， Helen, this is Tom. 海伦，这是汤姆。 4：打电话时，介绍自己用 this, 询问对方用 that。 如：Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ Y

5、es, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是谁？ 注意：虽然汉语中使用我和你，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am, Are you？ /Who are you? 5：在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时, 要用 it 代替 this 或 that。 如：Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 Whats that? 那是什么？ Its a kite. 是只风筝。 6：在回答 these 或 those 作主语的疑问句时，通常用 they 代替 these 或 those 以避免重复。 如： Are thes

6、e/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。 课堂巩固课堂巩固 一、请用所给的代词填空。 1. These keys are mine. _ are yours. 2. Whats _? Its an egg. Whats _ over there? Its an orange. 3. Look at _ pencils. Are they Lucys? No, those are hers. _ are mine. this, that, these, those, it, they - 3 - 4. Hi, Mum, _

7、 is my friend, Lucy. 5. What is ？ is an apple. 6. Are your friends? Yes, are. 答案：1.Those 2.this;it 3.those;they 4.This 5.this;It 6.these;they 二、将下列句子改写为复数形式。 1. What is this? 2. That apple is red. 3. It is my book. 4. This is my friend. 5. - Is this your pen? - No, it isnt. 6. That is a cute dog, it

8、 is white. 7. Open that door, please. 答案：1.What are these? 2.Those apples are red. 3.They are my books. 4.These are my friends. 5.Are these your pens? No,they arent. 6.Those are cute dogs.They are white. 7.Open those doors,please. 三、翻译下列句子。 1. 这是一个尺子。 2. 这些是书包。 3. 那是什么？ 4. 它是一本英语书。 5. 它们是一些钢笔。 - 4 -

9、 6. 这些是什么？ 7. 那些是苹果树。 答案：1.This is a ruler. 2.These are bags. 3.What is that? 4.It is an English book. 5.They are some pens. 6.What are these? 7.Those are apple trees. 考点二考点二 名词所有格名词所有格 名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格 形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格，它主要包括s 所有格、of 所有格和双重所有格三种 表现形式。 定义定义：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离

10、、星球、世界、国家等无生命 的东西的名词后加 s 来表示所有关系，叫做名词所有格。 名词所有格的用法：名词所有格的用法： 一、名词一、名词+ s （主要用于有生命的事物）（主要用于有生命的事物） 1、单数名词和不以-s 结尾的复数名词在词尾加s 构成所有格。例如： Jimmys book（吉米的书） Janes schoolbag（简的书包） Marks room （马克的房间） Qianqians mother （倩倩的妈妈） Childrens Day(儿童的节日、六一儿童节) Wuhans summer is very hot.(武汉的夏天非常热。) Qianqian s math is

11、 very good.(倩倩的数学很好。) 2、复数名词以-s 结尾的只需要加 构成所有格。例如： Twins father is Mr. Brown. (双胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。) Girls favorite food is ice-cream. (女孩们最喜欢的食物是冰激凌。) 二、名词二、名词 +of +名词名词 如果名词是无生命的，我们通常就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。 例如： - 5 - A bag of mine= my bag (我的书包) The name of the girl =the girls name (女孩的名字) The window of th

12、e bedroom = the bedrooms window(卧室的窗户) 三、特殊所有格三、特殊所有格 若一样东西为两人共有，则后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则 两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。例如： This is Tom and Jims room. 这是汤姆和吉姆共有的房间。 These are Toms and Jims rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。 an hour and a halfs walk （步行一个半小时的路程） 四四s 所有格所修饰的词的省略现象所有格所修饰的词的省略现象 （1） 表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所

13、有格后的被修饰语常常省略。 例： I met her at the doctors（office）我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailors（shop）他到服装店去了。 She went to MrBlacks（house）yesterday她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。 （2）名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。例如： Whose pen is this？Its Toms这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。 The bike is not mine，but Wang Pinpins这辆自行车不是我的，是王品品的。 五五双重所有格及其用法双重所有格及

14、其用法 s 所有格和 of 所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成of所有格形式，即双重的 所有格。它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与one of相似，它主 要修饰 of 短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩， 如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下： 1名词of名词性物主代词。例如： a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2名词ofs 所有格。例如： He is a friend of my sisters（one of my sisters friend

15、s）他是我姐姐的一个朋友 - 6 - Look at that long nose of Jacks看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩） 试比较： a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张（本人）的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhangs 小张（具有的照片中）的一张照片 3不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few 等）以及 which 等限定 词， 一般不与形容词性物主代词或s 所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词， 而采用 of 所有 格或双重所有格形式。例如： most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them

16、 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his我读过他的一些书 Which book of Qiong Yaos have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？ 注意：注意：s 所有格、所有格、of 所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别 请仔细比较下面三句话： 1She is Marys brothers friend 2She is a friend of Marys brother 3She is a friend of Marys brothers 1 句用的是s 所有格，侧重说明她和 Mary 的哥哥是朋友关系，突出

17、 friend 一词。 2 句用的是 of 所有格，侧重说明她和 Mary 的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了 Marys brother。 3 句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明 Mary 哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。 课堂巩固课堂巩固 一一用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.March 8th is _Day. (woman). 2.Taking twenty _(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health. 3.The shop sells _(妇女) handbags. 4.Teachers in western co

18、untries have a _(三个月的) holiday in a year. 5.Ill give my English teacher a card for _Day. (teacher) - 7 - 6.Its only ten _walk from the station to the hotel. (minute) 7.Its an _(hour) ride from here to the museum. 答案：1.Womens 2.minutes 3.womens 4.three-month 5.Teachers 6.minutes 7.hours 二选择填空： 1-Hows

19、 Joys skirt? -Her skirt is more beautiful than _. A.her sisters and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kates D.her sisters and Kates 2This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very much. A.Lucys and Lilys B.Lucys and Lily C.Lucy and Lilys 3In _ time, those mountains will be covered with tree

20、s, too. A.few years B.a few years C.a few year D.a few years 4We will have a _holiday after the exam. A. two month B. twomonth C. two months D. twomonths 5Did you hear the _report? A. policemen B. policemens C. policemens D. policemens 6Its about _walk from my home. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. t

21、en minutes D. ten minutes 7This is my dress. That one is _. A. Mary B. Marys C. sister D. mother 8Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk - 8 - 9Where is _ sweater ? I cant see it. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucys 10_ mothe

22、rs made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and Anne B. Peters and Annes C. Peters and Anne D. Peter and Annes 答案：1-5CCBBB 6-10BBDCB 三翻译。 1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书) 3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice. 4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 5They are _(Peter 和 Sam 的老师). 6. _(教师节) is o

23、n September 10th . 7. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 8. We are very happy on _(儿童节). 9. He is in _(老师的办公室) now. 10. Please open _(教室的门). 答案：1.Li Mings parents 2.my sisters Chinese book 3. The twins bedroom 4.Wang Ping and Wang Mings father 5.Peters and Sams teacher 6.Teachers Day 7.The students chairs and

24、desks 8.Childrens Day 9.teachers office 10.the classrooms door 课后作业课后作业 一、用适当的代词填空。 1. is a dog. (近处) 2. is a cat. (远处) 3. are some pens. (近处) 4. are some trees. (远处) 5. Hi, Ann! is Jack. 6. Mum, is my friend Tom. - 9 - 7. is a ruler, is a pen. 8. Jane, are my parents. 9. - Are your books ? (近处) - Y

25、es, are. 10. Are bears ? (远处) - No, are not. 11. - Whats _ in English？ - _is a toy. - How do you spell_？ - TOY，toy. 12. - What are _ in English？ - are buses. 答案：1.This 2.That 3.These 4.Those 5.This 6.this 7.This;that 8.These 9.these;they 10.those;they 11.this;It ;it 12.these;They 二、对所给的句子提问。 1. This

26、 is an apple. 2. These are cars. 3. They are yellow cups. 4. That is a frog. 5. It is an exercise-book. 答案：1.Is this an apple? 2.Are these cars? 3.Are they yellow cups? 4.Is that a frog? 5.Is it an exercise-book? 三、单项选择 1The room on the right is _. A. her B. she C. Lucys D. Lucy 2Well have a _ holid

27、ay. What about going to the West Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two-days （两天的假期：two days holiday/two-day holiday） - 10 - 3The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A. half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 4Wheres your father ? At _. A. Mr Gre

28、ens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens 5The twin brothers always put small presents in _stockings on Christmas Day. A. each others B. each other C. each others D. each others 6My father will have a _ holiday next month. Hell take me to Qingdao. A. ten days B. ten days C. ten-days D. ten days 7Where have

29、 you been these days? I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend _. A. in Chinese B. of Japan C. of Americans D. from Canada 8When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between _. A. Ted and Ben B. Teds and Ben C. Ted and Bens D. Teds and Bens 9It is said that the d

30、isease has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 10Kate won the _ race in the summer sports meeting. A. 100-metre B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100 metres (同 12 题) 11Whose bike is it ? Its _. A. John B. Johns C. Johns D. Johns 12I

31、ll give you _to finish the work. OK. A. two weeks time B. two weeks time C. two week time D. two weeks time - 11 - 13_ desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Anns and Tom B. Ann and Toms C. Ann and Tom D. Anns and Toms 14My pen is black. _ is blue. A. Kates B. Kate C. Kates 15Is this your room? No, its _room. A. the children B. the childrens C. of the children D. the childrens 16Who is the man in the blue car? He is _ father. A. Kates and Marys B. Kate and Marys C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary. 1-5CBBCA 6-10DCDDA 11-15BBBCB 16B