外研版七年级下册英语Module1-Module12重要知识点和语法点的讲解.doc

1、Module 1 知识点知识点 1 Whose (谁的)+名词+ is this /that ? 这、那是谁的什么吗？ eg: whose bag is this /that ? Whose +名词+are these /those ? 这，那些是谁的什么吗? eg :whose bags are these ? 注意 be 动词的单复数 2 Here is /are +n 这儿是. 注意 be 动词的单复数和 there be 句型一样，遵守就近原则 eg: Here is a book and two pens . Here are two books and a pen . 3 welc

2、ome back to 欢迎回到 welcome to 欢迎来到 4 in a hurry 介词短语放在句末 eg She comes to school in a hurry . hurry up 日常用语 ，赶快， 一般用于催促别人 5 leave(left) sth sp 把某东西遗忘在某地 eg :She left her book at home . 注意与 Forget sth (忘了某东西) 的区别 (后不加 sp) eg :She forget her book at home . Leave sp 离开某地 leave for sp 离开去某地 6 hundreds / th

3、ousands of +n 成百上千的，成千上万的 有数词无 s ,无 of ,无数词有 s,有 of eg : two thousand thousands of 7 thats why /because 那是为什么、因为 后面加句子 eg :Thats why she is late for school . 8 call sb at 电话号码 打某人某个电话号码 注意用介词 at eg :Call me at 88888888. 9 help sb do sth help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 eg :I often help my mum do the cleanin

4、g . I often help my mum with the cleaning . 10 look for 寻找，强调找的过程 eg :She is looking for her book. find 找到，强调找的结果 eg: She finds her book . 语法专项语法专项 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 1 物主代词的分类 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词， 是人称代词的属格形式。 物主代词按其在句子中所起 作用可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 单数 复数 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 My Mine our Ours 第

5、二人称 Your Yours Your Yours 第三人称 Her Hers Their Theirs His His Its Its 形容词性物主代词变成名词性物主代词： 我有巨变，男他，动物它不变，其余 s 加后边。 2 名词性物主代词的用法。 （1）名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，可以单独作用，在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语。 名词性物主代词之后不能再接名词。 His bike is new .But mine is old . We are cleaning our classroom .They are cleaning theirs . Whose coat is this ? It

6、s hers . (2)名词性物主代词具有“形容词性物主代词+名词”的作用。 The bike is his .Its not mine .(mine =my bike ) 注意：1 名词性物主代词用作主语时，谓语动词的数应随所指代的人或事物的数而定。 Is this pencil yours or hers ? Its mine .Hers is in her bag .(hers=her pencil) Whose books are these ? They are his .Yours are over there.(yours =your books) 2 “of +名词性物主代词”

7、属于双重所有格的一种形式，应该特别注意它的用法。 A friends of mine a neighbour of theirs a pen of hers Module 2 知识点知识点 1 promise to do sth v 保证，承诺去做某事 make / keep /break a promise n 许诺，守诺，打破承诺 2 play 球类名词、乐器名词 注意：play the violin /guitar / piano 其它都不加 the 3 speak say tell talk 辨析 Speak +某种语言 speak Chinese Tell sb sth / tell

8、 sth to sb 告诉，讲述 tell a lie 说谎 Say +说话的内容 say “Hello”to me Talk 一般用于 talk with /to 与某某交流 talk about 谈论某某 4 make sb /sth +adj /do sth 使某人某物怎么样、做某事 Make 做 ；使 make a kite make me happy 5 try to do sth v 尝试做去做某事 try ones best to do sth v 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 have a try n 试一试 6 do (the) ving go 均加 ving eg : do (

9、the)cleaning go fishing 7 would like/want to do sth 想要去做某事 eg I would like/want to go shopping . would like/want sth 想要某个东西 eg :I would like /want apples . would like /want sb to do sth 想要某人去做某事 eg :I would like my mother to buy a book for me . 注意 Would you like to do sth ? Would you like sth 的回答？ W

10、ould you like to go shopping with me ? 肯定回答 Yes ,Id love/like to . 否定回答,一定要回答得比较委婉 eg :Id love to but . 8 join take part in join in attend 辨析 Join 加入 一般指加入某个团体，组织并成为其中的一员 Join the league /army /Party /Club 入队、团，党，俱乐部 Join sb in doing sth 加入某人，也就是和某人一起做某事 Eg : Please join us in playing basketball . 9

11、 worry about v 担心 eg : My mum often worries about me . be worried about adj 担心 eg : My mum is often worried about me . 语法专项语法专项 情态动词情态动词 can 的用法的用法 1 can 的含义 Can 是情态动词，意为“能； 会” ，表示能力，通常指在体力或脑力方面的能力，这是 can 的基本用法。 I can swim . My elder sister can dance . 拓展 can 的其它用法。 1 表示请求许可或同意，意为“可以” ，这时 can 可与 may

12、 通用。 Can i use your pen . You can go home now . 2 表示请求，意为“可以，能” 。 Can you help me ? Can you help me ? 2 can 的特点 （1）can 不能独立作为主，必须与动词共同充当句子的谓语。 （2）没有人称和数的变化。当 can 与动词原形一起作句子的谓语时，无论主语是单数还是 复数形式，can 仍然保持自己的形式，不会发生任何变化。 3 can 句型变化。 (1)肯定句：主语+can +动词原形+其他 Mary can play the drums . (2)否定句：主语+cant +动词原形+其他

13、 He cant play the piano. (3)一般疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：yes,主语+ can 否定回答：no, 主语+cant . Can you play chess ? Yes ,i can . / No ,i cant . (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+can +主语+动词原形+其他? What can i do for you ? 4 can = be able to 注意 be able to 有各种时态的变化 Eg :She was able to swim at the age of six . She will be able to go t

14、o school next year . Module 3 知识点知识点 1 Nothing something anything everything 1 注意: nothing =not anything There is nothing in the room . There isnt anything in the room . 2 Something 和 some 一样用于肯定句，anything 和 any 一样用于否定和疑问句 但注意 would you like something to eat ? 3 不定代词作主语谓语动词用单数 Everything is ok here

15、. 2 look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 注意 to 为介词后加 ving eg I am looking forward to going shopping tomorrow . 2 have fun (in)doing sth / with sth 做某事有乐趣 拓展 have + n (in) doing sth / with sth 做某事有什么 Eg : I have difficulties ( in )learning English . I have difficulties with English . 3 on at in 加时间 At +具体

16、时间点 eg : at 8:15 On 具体到某一天或某一天的上午，下午，晚上 eg : on Sunday morning on the morning of Sunday on a rainy morning In 月以上的时间单位 或泛指上午，下午，晚上 Eg : in May in Spring in 2020 in the morning 4 enjoy oneself = have a good time oneself 随着主语变化而变化 eg :We enjoy ourselves . enjoy doing 享受做某事 5 win beat Win 赢 win sth eg

17、: win the game Beat 打败 beat sb /sbs team eg : beat us beat our team 6 else other adj 别的，其它的 Other + n eg: other students Else 不能用于修饰名词，而用来修饰不定代词和疑问代词而且均放在后面。 Eg : anything else what else What else = what other +n 7 alone lonely Alone adj adv 客观上单独一人的、地 作 adj 时用能放在名词前，只能作表语 Eg : she lives alone at ho

18、me . she is alone at home . Lonely adj 主观上感觉孤单的， She feels lonely . 注意： She lives alone but she doesnt feel lonely 8 would like to do sth 想要去做某事 Like doing sth 喜欢做某事 语法专项语法专项 一般将来时：一般将来时：be going to 如果想要表达某人打算做某事或者计划做某事，可以用 be going to 结构。 “be going to +动 词原形”构成一般将来时。 1 be going to 的用法 （1）be going t

19、o 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，意为“准备，打算” 。这种主观意图，一 般经过事先安排，实现的可能性较大，其主语通常是人。 I am going to meet my uncle and aunt at the airport tomorrow . (2)be going to 表示根据某种迹象判断将要或即将发生的事情或状态。此时不含有主观意 图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，主语可以是人，也可以是物。 Look! Its going to rain . 2 be going to 的句式结构 （1）肯定句：主语+be going to +动词原形 We are going to

20、 talk about our favourite books . (2) 否定句： 主语+be +not going to +动词原形+其它？ She is not going to check her email this morning . (3) 一般疑问句：be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他？ Are they going to have a picnic tomorrow ? - Yes ,they are ./No ,they arent . (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？提问主语时除外。 What is he going to do this aftern

21、oon ? Who is going to teach us English ? 3 注意 （1）如果表示计划到某地去，一般只说“be going to +地点” We are going to Hong Kong for a holiday. (2) 含 be going to 的 there be 句型结构为：there is /are going to be +主语+其它 There is going to be a football game on CCTV-5 this weekend . 助记-be going to 的用法 Be going to 表打算，动词原形跟后边； Be

22、的形式有三种，am is are 主语选 若要疑问 be 提前，否定 be 后 not 添 Module 4 知识点知识点 1 chalk paper 不可数名词 2 in +时间段 从现在开始的某段时间之后/内,时态用一般将来时用 how soon 提问 Eg : I will be back in a month . How soon will you be back ? In a month after +时间段 从过去的某个时间的一段时间之后，时态用一般过去时 I went back after 3 hours . after+时间点 时态用一般将来时 I will come back

23、 after 3 oclock . 3 maybe may be Maybe adv 位于句首。 eg :Maybe she is right . May be 情态动词后加动词原形 eg : she may be right . 4 by (doing )sth 通过做某事 By +n 可数名词的单数 by bus 5 as well too either also 也 Also 位于句中 eg :She also likes English . Either 位于否定句名末 eg :She doesnt like English either . As well 位于肯定句句末 eg :

24、She likes English as well . Too 位于肯定句句末，可与前面逗号隔开 eg :Nice to meet you ,too . 6 need 既可做实义动词也可以做情态动词 need + n/pron to do sth 实义动词 Eg : I need apples . I need you . I need to go home now . I dont need to go home now . need +v 情态动词 Eg : I need go home . I neednt go now . Need you go now ? Yes ,I must .

25、 No ,I neednt . 7 what be +主语+ like ? 某某像什么，如果问人，指问人的性格。 Eg : What is your mother like ? She is friendly . 8 not only but (also) 不仅，而且 连接两个主语时遵守就近有规则。 Not only you but also I am going to school tomorrow . 9 no more not any more 不再 可进行同义句间的转换。 No longer not any longer Eg : She no more likes English .

26、 She doesnt like English any more . 语法专项语法专项 一般将来时：一般将来时：will 1 will 是助动词，意为“将； 将要； 将会” 。 “Will +动词原形”构成一般将来时，表示将 来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。助动词 will 可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变 化。Will not 缩写 wont. There will be cities on the moon in the future . Students will use the Internet to learn . 拓展 助动词 shall 也可表示“将，将要” ，但 shal

27、l 只用于第一人称。Shall not = shant . We shall get there on time . 2 肯定句结构： 主语+will /shall +动词原形+其他 否定句结构： 主语+will /shall +not +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句结构：will /shall +主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊疑问句结构：疑问词（组）+will /shall +主语+动词原形+其他？ She will be our English teacher next term. I wont be able to come to dinner today . Will people use

28、 robots to do many things ? When will they go shopping ? 3 一般将来时常与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,next week ,next month 等或“in +一段时间”连用。 I will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow . We wont be busy this evening . M 5 知识点知识点 1 buy sth for sb buy sb sth 为某人买某物 Eg : My mum buys me a book . = My mum

29、 buys a book for me . sell sb sth sell sth to sb 卖给某人某物 Eg : She sells me a book . = She sells a book to me . 2 what size does /do sb take ? 某人穿什么尺码？ Size S / M/ L 3 may i do sth ?我能做某事吗？ Yes ,you may .Yes ,please . No, you may not ./ No, you cant . 4 how much 问价格或不可数名词的量 how many 问可数名词的量 How much +

30、 be sth = what +be the price of sth 问价格 Eg : How much is this book ?= What is the price of this book ? 5 pay spend cost take Sb pay(paid) some money for sth Eg : She pays 20 yuan for the book . Sb spend(spent) some money / some time (in)doing sth / on sth Eg : I spend 20 yuan (in)buying the book . I

31、 spend 20 yuan on the book . Sth cost (cost) sb some money . Eg : The book cost me 20 yuan . Sth / it takes ( sb) some time (to do sth ) Eg : Going to Wuhan by plane takes one hour . It takes me one hour to do the homework . 6 one of 名词、代词复数 某某中的一个 作主语时谓语动词用单数 Eg : One of the books is an English boo

32、k . 7 a way of + n /ving a way to do sth 做某事的方法 Eg : a way of shopping a way to do shopping 8 receive accept 辨析 Receive 客观上收到 accept 主观上收到 Eg : I received a lot of gifts ,but I dont accept them . 9 too much too many much too 辨析 Too much 太多 后面加不可数名词 too much water Too many 太多 后面加可数名词 too many books M

33、uch too 太 后面加 adj much too young 语法专项语法专项 特特殊疑问句殊疑问句 疑问句可以分为四种：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。以疑问词 开头，对陈述句中某一成分进行提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常见的疑问词有： what ,who ,whose ,which ,when ,where ,how ,why 等。 特殊疑问句有两种语序： 1 若疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序用陈述语序： 疑问词（+主语）+谓语动词+其他成分？ Who is singing in the room ? Whose bike is broken ?

34、2 若疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句？ What class are you in ? Where are you from ? 注意： 1 回答特殊疑问句时，不能用 yes /no ，常用一个完整的陈述句或简略答语来回答。 Who is from Canada ? Helen (is). Where is the restaurant ? Near the station. 2 特殊疑问句一般降调。 What row are you in ? 3 对句子的谓语进行提问时，用“what .do.?”在就句子画线部分提问时，要将原名中代 词为第一人称的改为相应的

35、第二人称。 I m going to make my weekend plan . What are you going to do ? M 6 知识点知识点 1 the best way to do sth 做某事最好的方式 2 问去某地的方式 can/could you tell me the way to sp ? could you tell me how to get to sp ? How do I get to sp ? 3 turn right /left into sp 右、左转进入 4 on the right/left of sb = on sbs right / lef

36、t 在某人的左边、右边 5 Why not do sth ? = why dont sb do sth ? 为什么不做某事？ Eg : Why not go shopping ? Why dont you go shopping ? 7 交通方式的表达方法 By in / on take ride fly By in /on 是介词，注意 in a /the /sbs taxi /car on a/the /sbs bus plane boat bike by bus /bike/plane 放在句末作状语。 Eg :I go to school by bike . = I go to sch

37、ool on my /the /a bike .= I ride a/the bike to school . Eg: I go to school by bus .=I go to school on the /a bus .=I take a/the bus to school . Eg : I go to school by taxi .= I go to school in a taxi .= I take a/the taxi to school . Eg :I go to school by plane .= I go to school on a /the plane .= I

38、fly to /take a / the plane to school . 语法专项语法专项 方位的表达方式方位的表达方式 在英语中，方位介词通常与后面的名词或代词构成介宾短语表示位置关系。 方位特点 方位介词（短语） 含义与用法 例句 上 On 在.的上面，两者接触 The cup is on the table . Above 在上方，表示位置高于 The plane is above the clouds. Over 在.的上面，表示在正上方 There is a bridge over the river. 下 Under 左.的下面，两者不接触 Your shoes are und

39、er the chair, 前 In front of 在.的前面， 两者不存在包含关系 The trees are in front of the house. 后 Behind 在.后面 Whos behind the tree? 里面 In 在.里面 What can you see in the room ? In the middle of 在.的是中心 Were standing in the middle of the city . 左、右 On ones right/left 在某人的右边、左边 On my left is Daming . On the right/left

40、of 在（.的）右边、左边 The bank is on the right of the cinema. 中间 Between .and . 在.和.之间 There is a bank between the park and the school. 附近 Near 在.附近 I live near the school. Next to 紧挨着 Im standing next to my elder sister. 对面 Opposite 在.对面 The shop is opposite the station. 沿着 Along /up /down 沿着 Walk along /u

41、p /down the street . 横过 Across 越过 Lets go across the road. M7 知识点知识点 1 be born at / on /in 出生在什么时间？ 用哪个介词，取决于介词的用法 Eg : I was born at 7 oclock 1st July ,1990 . I was born on 1st ,1990 . I was born in 1990 . 注意如果后面既有时间状语，又有地点状语，先时间状语，再地点状语。 I was born in 1st July 1990 in Wenzhou . 2 what +be +sb +lik

42、e? 某人性格怎么样 3 it is /was +adj / n (for of sb )+to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是 adj / n of for 取决于 adj 是否是修饰人的形容词。 Eg : It is easy for me to learn English . It is friendly of you to help me . It is a good idea for my mother to go shopping . It is interesting to play computer games . 4 hero（es） tomatoes potatoes

43、 英雄爱吃土豆，西红柿。 初中阶段以 o 结尾的名词，除这三个，其它均加 s eg: photos 5 be strict with sb 对某人严格 be strict in sth 对某事严格 Eg :Our teachers are strict with us . Our teachers are strict in our schoolwork . 6 there be +名词 to do sth to do sth 作后置定语修饰名词 Eg : There are a lot of places of famous to visit in Wenzhou . there be +n

44、 + doing sth 某某正在做某事 Eg : There is a boy playing computer games . 7 with 的用法 既要做连词，又可做介词 1 和某某一起 eg : I go to school with my mother every day . 2 表伴随， “有,带有” eg : There is a big school with a garden . 3 用 eg : Please cut it with a knife . 4 反义词 without 5 with the help of 在某某的帮助下 with the development

45、 of 随着某某的发展 语法专项语法专项 一般过去时一一般过去时一 要表示过去某一时间存在的状态，要用 be 动词的过去式 was /were 。 Am is /was are /were I was twelve last year . We were happy yesterday. 1 含 be 动词的一般过去时的各种句式的构成。 肯定句 I/He /She was at home yesterday. We/You/They were at home yesterday. 否定句 I /He/She was not (wasnt)at home yesterday . We /You/

46、They were not (werent )at home yesterday. 一般疑问句 Was /I he /she at home yesterday? Were we /you /they at home yesterday ? 特殊疑问句 Where was i /he /she yesterday ? Where were we/you /they yesterday? 2 there be 句型的一般过去时 （1）there be 句型表示“某地有某人或某物” ，描述过去的情况时，用一般过去时，即 there was /there were There was a shop

47、here last year. There were lots of tall trees on both sides of the street then . (2)含 there be 句型的一般过去时的肯定句变一般疑问句和否定句时借助于 was /were There was a big garden. Was there a big garden? Yes ,there was ./No there wasnt . There wasnt a big garden. M 8 知识点知识点 1 open closed 注意词性 open adj /v eg : The door is o

48、pen . Open the door . close v closed adj eg : The door is closed . Close the door . 2 decide (not ) to do sth v 决定去做某事 Make a decision to do sth 决定去做某事 3 notice sb do / doing sth v 注意到某人做某事，注意到某人正在做某事 n 告示 类似的词还有 watch hear see sb do sth / doing sth 4 pick sth up 把某物捡起来 pick sb up 去接某人 注意如果 sth/sb 的

49、代词，得放中间 Eg : pick them up pick her up 5 asleep sleep sleepy 辨析 Asleep adj 睡着的,只能作表语，不能放在名词前作定语 Fall asleep 入睡 Eg : she is asleep . 不能说 an asleep boy sleepy adj 想睡觉的，既可作表语，也可放在名词前作定语 Eg : she is sleepy in class . a sleepy girl Sleep v slept n 睡觉 6 die death dead dying 辨析 die v died die for 为某某而死， die

50、 of /from 因某某而死 Eg : She died in 2000 . death n eg : Her grandmothers death made her very sad . Dead adj 已经死了的 eg : a dead cat . dying adj 奄奄一息的 eg : The doctor are saving the dying child . 7 first then next finally 首先，然后，下一步，最后 First = first of all then next = whats more in addition Finally = at la