人教版新目标八年级下册《英语》知识点精讲、精炼（带答案；（全册10份打包）.zip

新目标八年级下册新目标八年级下册 Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 讲义讲义 一、词性转换一、词性转换 Section A 1. begin (pt.) began 2. heavily (adj.) heavy 3.light (adj.) light 1.report (pt.) reported 2.beat (pt.) beat 3.rise (pt.)rose 4.suddenly (adj.)sudden 5.icy (n.) ice Section B 1.realize (pt.) realized pletely (adj.) complete 3.recently (adj.) recent 二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1. make sure 确信确信;确认确认 2. beat against. 拍打 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着进人梦乡；睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱/消退 5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟 7. break. . apart 使使分离分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 9. at the time of 当.时候 10. go off (闹钟闹钟)发出响声发出响声 11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 来源:学+科+网 Z+X+X+K 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话接电话 14. bring. together 使靠拢 15. in the area 在这个地区 来源: Z+xx+k.Com 16. miss the event 错过这个事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 19. walk by 路过路过 20. make ones way to 在某人去在某人去的路上的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22.important events in history 历史上的重大事 23. for example 例如 24. be killed 被杀害 25. over 50 50 多(岁） 26. a school pupil 一个小学生 27. on the radio 通过广播 28. in silence 沉默沉默;无声无声 29. recently 最近地;新近 30.the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31. take down 拆除拆除;摧毁；记摧毁；记 录录 32.have meaning to 对对有意义有意义 33.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事记得做过某事 34. at first 首先首先;最初最初 35. have a look 看一看 36. something strange 奇怪的事情 37. in American history 在美国历史上 38. strong wind 大风大风 39. heavy rain 大雨大雨 三、句型集萃三、句型集萃 1.be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 2.see sb./sth. doing sth. 看见某人或某物正在做某事 3.begin/start to do sth. 开始做某事 4.try to do sth. 努力做某事 5.Its+adj.+to do sth.做某事是的 6.have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 四、重点句子四、重点句子 1. My alarm didnt go off so I got up late. 我的闹钟没有响响，因此我起床晚了。 【解析解析】go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响，离开 Ex. The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。 【拓展拓展】 与与 go 相关的短语相关的短语： go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming 去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳 ( ) 1.I was late today because my alarm clock didnt____. A. run off B. go off C. give out D. give up ( ) 2.【2017 山西中考】How I wish could sleep longer! However, I had to get up as soon as the alarm clock _____. A. ran off B. went off C. took off 2. I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily. 当天开始下大雨大雨的时候我正在等公交车。 【解析解析】heavily adv. 在很大程度上 heavyadj. 沉重的How heavy are you? heavily Adv. 沉重地The army lost heavily 形容风大的时候常用形容风大的时候常用 strong/hard, 形容雨雪下得大的时候用形容雨雪下得大的时候用 heavily/hard。 heavy 改 y 为 i +ly 变为 adv ,类似的 adj 还有：hungry, happy, angry, lucky. ( ) 1.【2017 漳州】The sun is shining _____ . Youd better wear sunglasses while you are out. A. brightly B. lightly C. heavily ( ) 2.【2017 黔西南】Sometimes it rains _________in Guizhou in summer. A. heavily B. heavy C. strong D. Strongly 3. I called at seven and you didnt pick up. 我七点钟给你打电话，你没有接接。 【解析解析】pick up 接电话接电话 接电话Tom, I called you, but you didnt pick up 捡起；拾起I pick up a wallet on my way home （开车）接某人I will pick you up at the station pick up 学到；获得He was picking up the skills quickly. ( ) 1.【2017 陕西 2】The workers in the Huashan Mountains have to ______ rubbish to keep the mountains clean.来源:学科网 A. turn up B. pick up C. mix up D. give up ( ) 2.【2017 湖北武汉 1】It seems that the aged people ________ the H7N9 more easily from the recent case. A. pick up B. mix up C. set up D. use up 4. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有一丝光亮光亮，让人感觉这是在午夜。 【解析解析】light n. 此处作不可数名词，意为“光，光亮，光线” Ex. The sun gives out light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。 He read the letter by the light of the candle. 他在烛光下读那封信。 【拓展拓展】(1) light 作可数名词，意为“点灯，电源” 。 Ex. Dont cross the road when the traffic lights are red. 当交通灯是红色时，不要横穿公路。 (2)light 作形容词，意为“轻的，浅色的” 。 Ex. Is the box heavy or light? 那箱子是重的还是轻的？ (3) light (lit/lighted) 作动词，意为“点燃，照亮” 。 Ex. He sat down and lit a cigarette. 他坐下来，点了一支烟。 1. Please help him (to)light the cigarette.(light) 2. Turn off the lights (light) when you leave the house. 5. Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working . 本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。 【解析解析】make sure 确信；确信； 确保确保 用法用法：(1) make sure to do sth. 确保做某事确保做某事 (2) make sure of sth. 确保某事确保某事 (3) make sure +that 从句从句 确保确保 Ex. Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave. Do you know the time of the train? Youd better make sure of it. Make sure that you turn off the lights. ( )【2017 山东青岛 3】There arent many tickets left for the concert, youd better ______that you get one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plans 6. When he woke up, the sun was rising. 当他醒来醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来升起来了。 【解析解析 1】wake up (v+ adv) 醒来；睡醒 ( ) 1.【2017 广东河源】_____ , Tom! Its time to get up and go to school. A. Wake up B. Make up C. Grow up D. Look up ( ) 2.【2017 南京中考】Whats wrong with you, Eric? You look tired. I _____ to prepare for the final exam last night. A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up 【解析解析 2】rise v. 增加；提高；增强；上升，升起 rise 和和 raise 辨析：辨析： (1) rise 升起；上升升起；上升表示主语自身移向较高位置 Ex. Price rose gradually. 价格逐渐上升。 (2) raise举起；提高举起；提高表示主语发出的动作作用于其他事物 Ex. Lets raise our hands. 我们来举起手。 ( ) The river ___ two inches this morning. A. rose B. raised C. are getting up D. grow 7. What event happened at the school yesterday? 昨天学校发生发生了什么事？ 【解析解析】 happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生） happen 和和 take place 辨析辨析： (1) happen v. “发生发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性 用法用法：sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上某事发生在某人身上 sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事某人碰巧做某事 Ex. What happened to you?=What was wrong with him? She happened to be out when we called. (2) take place 发生，发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生 Ex. The sports meeting took place in our school last week. ( ) 1. An accident ____ at the school gate this morning. A. happened B .happened to C. took place D. took places ( ) 2.What happened _____ the boy? A. with B. to C. at D. on ( ) 3.A serious bike accident ____ her , and she was badly hurt. A. happened to B. was happened to C. was happening D. was happen ( ) 4.【2017 山东临沂】The Olympic Games of 2016 will _____ in Brazil. A. take after B. take off C. take placeD. take away ( ) 5.【2017 山东济南】Its hot today, isnt it? Yes, it is. Why not __________ your jacket? A. take care B. take place C. take after D. take off 8. More recently , most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. 最近，大部分美国人还记得记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐怖分子袭击被恐怖分子袭击的时候自己在做什么。 【解析解析 1】remember to do sth.与与 remember doing sth.的用法区别的用法区别。 (1)remember to do sth.记得去做某事（此事还未做） Ex. Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. 当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。 (2)remember doing sth.记得做过某事（此事已做完） Ex. I remember turning off the light when I left the room. 我记得离开房间时关灯了。 【解析解析 2】take down 拆掉；拆毁拆掉；拆毁 【解析解析 3】terror n. 恐怖恐怖 terrorist n. 恐怖分子恐怖分子 Ex. be full of terror 充满恐怖 【拓展拓展】 art n.艺术 artist n.艺术家 science n. 科学 scientist n. 科学家 piano n. 钢琴 pianist n. 钢琴家 ( )Did you watch the TV news? The whole event was full of ____. Yes, I did . Those ____ were all caught by the police at last. A. terror; terrorist B. terrorist; terrors C. terror; terrorists D. terrors; terrorists来源:学科网 9. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that. 我是那么害怕以至于我几乎不能几乎不能清楚地想象那之后的事。 【解析解析】hardly 副词，意为副词，意为“几乎不，几乎没有几乎不，几乎没有” ，表示否定含义。 Ex. He hardly does the housework. 他几乎不做家务。 She was so excited that she could hardly sleep. 她如此兴奋，以至于几乎不能入睡。 hardly 与与 hard 辨析：辨析： hardly副词，意为“几乎不”He hardly watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。 hard作形容词，意为“难的；硬的” 作副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地” She found it hard to decide.她发现难以决定。 We should work hard. 我们应当努力工作。 ( )【 2017 山东临忻】David was so excited at the good news that he could say a word. A. nearly B. hard C. ever D. hardly 10. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid. 后来由于害怕我无法清晰地思考无法清晰地思考。 【解析解析】trouble n 困难；困难； 苦恼；苦恼； 忧虑忧虑 用法用法：(1) in trouble 处于困境中 get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境 (2) Whats the trouble with you ? = Whats the matter with you ? = Whats wrong with you ?你怎么啦？ (3) have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 类似的表达还有： have problem /difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有问题/困难 ( ) 1. I had trouble ____ my homework. A. to finish B. finishing C. finishes D. finish ( ) 2. Mr. Wang, I have trouble ___ the text. Remember ____ it three times at least. A. to understand; reading B. understanding; reading C. understanding; to read D. to understand; to read 五、重点语法五、重点语法 过去进行时过去进行时 1、概念、概念：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 2、构成、构成：过去进行时态由助动词 be 的过去式 was/ were+现在分词（doing）构成。 第一人称和第三人称单数用 was，其余的都用 were。 3、句型、句型： 过去进行时的肯定句过去进行时的肯定句： Ex. I was working. / You were working. / He/She/It was working./ We/You/They were working. 来源:学#科#网 Z#X#X#K 过去进行时的否定句过去进行时的否定句: Ex. I was not working. / You were not working. / He/She/It was not working./ We /You /They were not working. 过去进行时的疑问句过去进行时的疑问句： Ex. Were you working at ten last night? Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt. Was he working at ten last night? Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt. 4、用法、用法 1. 它表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作，通常和表示时间点的时间 状语一起用。 Ex. My parents were watching TV at 8:00 last night. 昨晚八点钟时我的父母亲都在看电视。 They were swimming in the swimming pool this time last week. 上个星期的这个时候他们正在游泳池游泳。 2. 在表示过去一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作同时也正在进行，那么持续时间长的动作 要用过去进行时态。经常和 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。 Ex. When the teacher came in, I was singing.老师进来时我正在唱歌。 When someone knocked at the door, we were having supper.有人敲门时，我们正 在吃晚饭。 3. 与 always 连用，表示一个不断重复的过去的动作。 Ex. He was always ringing me up. 他老是给我打电话。 重点：过去进行时态的时间状语重点：过去进行时态的时间状语 当句子中出现 at that time , then , at four yesterday afternoon , at this time yesterday , this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from seven to ten oclock yesterday morning 以及 when 引导的从句时，一般情况下要用过去进行时态。 5、when 和和 while 的区别：的区别： 1. 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，而 when 连接的多是时间点 Ex. What does your father do while your mother is cooking? What does your mother do when you come back? 2. while 可以连接两个并列的句子，而 when 不可以 Ex. I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 六、真题演练六、真题演练 ( )1.【2017 浙江杭州】 Sally took a photo of her friends while they _____ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing ( )2.【2017 黑龙江绥化】 My uncle ____ books in the room at this time yesterday. A. was seeing B. is reading C. was reading ( ) 3.【 2017 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 3】What ____ you _____ when the captain came in? A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing ( ) 4.【2017 四川雅安 1】Amy was reading a book _____ I came in. A. when B. while C. because D. though ( ) 5.【2017 山东菏泽 3】______the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. A. When B. If C. While D. Once ( )6.【2017 本溪】Were you at school when he came to see you? Yes, I ______ a math class. A. hadB. was having C. am havingD. have ( )7.【2017 呼和浩特】The girl with two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened. A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing ( ) 8. 【2017 盐城】 I along the road when I saw Peter. So we stopped and had a chat. A. walked B. was walking C. would walk D. had walked ( )9.【2017 福州中考】Where were you at 7:00 last night? I _____ to my mom at home. A. writeB. was writingC. wrote ( ) 10.【2017 广西贺州】The workers a new bridge now. The traffic in Guangzhou will be better soon. A. build B. were building C. built D. are building ( )11.【2017 湖北黄冈】Sandy, I called you at 9:00 last night, but nobody answered the phone. Im sorry. We _____ a birthday party _____ Jerry. A. had; with B. were having; for C. are having; for D. had; for新目标八年级下册新目标八年级下册 Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years.讲义讲义 一、一、重点单词重点单词 1. yard n. 院子 2. sweet adj. 甜蜜的; 甜的; 含 糖的 3. memory n. 记忆; 回忆 4.cent n. 分; 分币 5.bear n. 熊 6.maker n. 生产者; 制订者 7.scarf n. 围巾; 披巾; 头巾 8.soft adj. 软的; 柔软的 9.check v. 审查 10.board n. 板; 木板 11.junior adj. 地位（或职位、 级别）低下的 12.bedroom n. 卧室 13.own v. 拥有; 有 14.railway n. 铁路; 铁道 15. certain adj. 某种; 某事; 某 人 16. while n. 一段时间; 一会儿 17. truthful adj. 诚实的; 真实 的 18. hometown n. 家乡; 故乡 19. nowadays adv. 现今; 现在; 目前 20. search v. 搜查 21. among prep. 在（其）中; .之一 22. crayon n. 彩色铅笔（或粉 笔、蜡笔） 23. shame n. 羞耻; 羞愧; 惭 愧 24. regard v.将.认为; 把. 视为 25. count v. 数数 26. century n. 百年; 世纪 27. opposite prep.;与.相对; 在.对面 adj. 对面的; 另 一边的 28. especially adv. 尤其; 特别; 格外 29. childhood n. 童年; 幼年 30. consider v. 注视; 仔细考虑 31. hold v. (held, held) 拥有; 抓住 二、短语归纳二、短语归纳 1. how long 多久 2. have a yard sale 举行庭院销售 3. give away 捐赠 4. not.anymore 不在不在 5. welcome to .欢迎到 6. a bit 有点 7. board game 棋类游戏 8. check out 查看，观察 9. clear out 收拾，整理 10. a lot of 许多 11. a bread maker 面包机 12. grow up 长大 13. no longer 不在不在 14. at first 起初 15. for example 例如 16. a train and railway set 一套轨道火车 17. as for 至于。至于。 。 18. give up 放弃放弃 19. to be honest 说实在的 20. on weekends 在周末 21. at least 至少至少 22. once or twice a year 一年一两次 23. millions of 数百万的 24. search for 寻找寻找 25. according to 依据 26. across from 在对面 27. in ones opinion 依依 来看来看 28. in order to 为了为了来源来源:学学|科科|网网 Z|X|X|K 三、句型集萃三、句型集萃 1. its +adj+for sb +to do sth 对某人来说做某事是的 2. want to do 想要做某事 3. love doing 喜欢做某事 4. decide to do 决定做某事 5. have been in +somewhere 曾在某地待了 6. hope to do sth 希望做某事 7. one of the +adj 最高级+名词复数 8. used to do sth 过去常常做 9. need to do 需要做 四、词汇、句型讲解及拓展四、词汇、句型讲解及拓展 1. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. 看看给小孩们的这些毛绒玩具和棋 盘游戏。 【解析解析】check out 查看；观察 check v. 检查 You d better check out your engine. 你最好检查一下你的发动机。 【拓展拓展】check out 还可为不及物动词短语，意为“结账离开” 。 check out 也有“检查，核对”之意，但是强调查明真相，核对事实。在美式英语中常用 check upon。 2. My children are growing up fast .我的孩子们成长的很快。 【解析解析】grow up 成长 （常用于指人或动物） 3. So we ve been clearing out a lot of things from our bedroom for a yard sale. 所以，我们正从卧室里清 理出许多东西来办一场庭院拍卖会。 【解析解析 1】这是一个现在完成进行时的句子。现在完成进行时通常要和时间段连用，表示在某段时间内， 某动作一直在进行，结构为“have/has been+v-ing +时间段” 。 例：The workers have been working for three hours. 这些工人已经工作 3 个小时了。 【注意注意】如果对时间段提问，疑问短语用 how long。如对上面例句中的 for 短语进行提问： How long have the workers been working? 这些工人工作多长时间了？ 【解析解析 2】clear out 清理；把清空 clean up 清理；使整洁 例：I decided to clear out all the old shoes that we never wear. 我已经决定把我们从来不穿的旧鞋统统加 以清除。 【拓展拓展】clear out 与 clean out 的用法区别 clear out 与 clean out 这两个短语都有“使.干净”的意思，但实际意思是不同的，前者意为“使.被 清除掉，使.空出来” 。而 clean out 则是“使.清洁”之意。 例：I ll clear out that closet and then you can hang your clothes in there. 我会把衣橱腾出来，你就可以放衣服了。 Be sure to clean out the kitchen when you finish cooking. 做晚饭时，一定要把厨房收拾干净。 4. We ve decided to each sell five things we no longer use. 我们已经决定每人卖出去五件我们不用的东 西。 【解析解析 1】decide 决定 decide v 决定-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 决定做某事 (2)make a decision 做决定 My mother has decided _________(take) me to acting lessons. 答案：答案：to take 【解析解析 2】no longer = not . any long 不再 no longer 位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后； not.any longer 常与助动词或情态动词连用，any longer 位于句末。 例.: I no longer live in this city. = I dont live in this city any longer. 【拓展拓展】 no longer, not . any longer; no more , not. any more. 词语 同义词 用法 no longer ，not . any longer 强调时间或动作“不再延续” ，与延续动词连用 no more ，not . any more 强调数量和程度“不再增加” 与非延续动词连用 例.: He can no longer walk = He cant walk any longer. I have no more money to give you.= I dont have money to give you any more. 5. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. 例如，从他四岁生日以来，就已经拥有了这列火车和铁轨的组合，大约七岁之前他几乎每周都要玩这个玩 具。 【解析解析】own 拥有 own v 拥有owner n 物主 of ones own 某人自己的 the owner of 的所有者 1.Who is the ____________(own) of the bike? 2.I want to see it with _______(I) own ey