外研版八年级下册英语背景材料： Module 1 Feelings and impressions（打包10份）.zip

Feelings 情感情感 人有喜怒哀乐。下面这些表达情绪、情感的词你知道多少呢？ angry 生气的 bored 厌烦的 cheerful 兴高采烈的 crazy 发狂的 disappointed 失望的 easy 轻松的 excited 兴奋的 frightened 受惊的 glad 高兴的 great 心情愉快的 guilty 内疚的；有罪的 happy 快乐的；幸福的 lonely 孤独的 mad 疯狂的 nervous 紧张不安的 relaxed 放松的 sad 悲伤的 satisfied 满意的 surprised 惊讶的 tense 紧张的；焦虑的 thirsty 渴望的 tired 厌倦的 unhappy 不高兴的 upset 沮丧的 pleased 高兴的；满意的 proud 骄傲的；得意的 scared 害怕的；担心的 stressed 有压力的Have a taste of sweet life 葡萄酒甘美香甜、醇厚清爽，深受世界各地人们的喜爱。美国人哈代华莱 士幸运地获得了一份品酒师的工作。他每天品美酒、赏美景、拍照片，在网上 与大家分享在葡萄酒酿造厂的生活，不亦乐乎。 There are many wine fans in the world. Hardy Wallace from Atlanta is one of them. The American young man is the writer of a popular wine blog. Because of his love of wine and social media skills, he got a “dream job” from Murphy-Goode Winery (葡 萄酒酿造厂). It was not easy to get the job because more than 2,000 people wanted it. What on earth is the “dream job”? Its a wine taster. Murphy-Goode Winery is in Sonoma County, California. Hardy felt very lucky to work for the famous winery for 6 months. As a wine taster, he needed to smell some wine and taste them every day. He also needed to put some photos and videos on the Internet to share his feelings and impressions with others. Hardy really enjoyed his experience. He said, “The wine of Murphy-Goode tastes great, but not as great as the people at Murphy-Goode. Im so lucky to have found a new home there.” 【Enrich your collection】 share 意为“分享”，常用于 share sth. with sb.结构，表示“与某人分享某物”。 例如： You should share these chocolates with your sister. 你应该和妹妹分享这些巧克力糖。Showing our feelings 尽管存在文化上的诸多差异，人类的许多身体语言在表达情感方面却是相 通的。 Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body languages can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal. The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings. From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning ones back to someone shows anger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person. There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal. How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it. Being respectful to people is subjective (主观的), based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen. With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!Some Common Manners in the West It is a great help for the person who is learning a foreign language to know some customs and manners for the people who speaks it, because the language is very closely associated with them. I will tell you some common western manners. 1. Meeting and Greeting People 1) Greeting The simplest thing to say is Good morning, Good afternoon or good evening. This greeting is given to one whom you know only slightly, or to any one you are passing quickly. How are you is usually used when you are not in such a hurry. No answer is expected other than “Fine, thank you. Hello is the commonest form of greeting between good friends. 2) When a Man Raises His Hat If you are wearing a hat which can be taken bold of easily, it is customary to raise it slightly off your head when you greet a girl or a woman. 3) When to Shake Hands It is customary to shake hands when you first meet someone. And usually friends shake hands when they meet after not having seen each other for some time. However it is not necessary to shake hands. 4) Use the persons Name It is always good form to use the name of the person you are greeting. You might say, Good Morning, Mr. Moncrieff or” Hello, Franklin, A persons surname should be used unless he is good friend or school-mate. 2. Introduction 1) How to Introduce People In introducing two people, the general rule is: Introduce other people to the person you wish to honor. The old are honored in the West as in China. Women have been honored in the West since the days of knighthood(骑士时代）. 2) Rising at Introduction A man always rise for an introduction, except that it is sometimes all right for an elderly man to remain seated when a young man is introduced to him. The hostess always rises for an introduction. 3) Introducing Yourself If you want to meet someone, it is better to ask a friend who knows him to introduce you. But sometimes at a meeting or gathering it is all right to introduce yourself to a fellow-student, or to one of the same sex and position.Table Manners 1) As soon as the hostess picks up her napkin(餐巾）, pick yours up and lay it on your lap. Sometimes a roll of bread is wrapped in it; if so, toke it our and put it on your side plate. 2) The Soup Course Dinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side. 3) The Fish Course If there is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup. There may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Often it is smaller. 4) The Meat Course The main Course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl(鸡禽） or a roast which need to be carved. He will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark（红肉） or light（白肉）. 5) Using Knife and Fork If you have English and American friends you will notice a few differences in their customs of eating. For the main or meat curse, the English keep the fork in the left hand; point curved downward, and brings the food to the mouth either by sticking the points onto it or in the case of soft vegetables, by placing it firmly on the fork in this position with the knife. Americans carve the meat in the same position, then lay down the knife and taking the fork in the right hand with the point turned up, push it under a small piece of food without the help of the knife and bring it to the moth right-side-up. 6) Helping yourself and Refusing If a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: No thank you. 7) Second Helpings The hostess may or may not ask if you would like a second helping, according to the formality of the meal. If she does and you accept it, you should pass your plate to her or to the servant with the knife and fork still lying on it. 8) The Salad Course A salad is eaten with a fork only held in the right hand with points turned up. There is usually a special one for the salad, a little smaller than the meat fork. 9) Bread and Butter Bread is taken in the fingers and laid on the side plate or the edge of the large plate; it is never taking with a fork. Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife and placed on the side plate, not on ones bread. 10) Other Things on the Table When there are things on the middle of the table, such as bread, butter, jelly, pickles, nits, candies, you should not take any until the hostess ahs suggested that they be passed. 11) Leaving the Table It is impolite for a guest to leave the table during a meal, or before the hostess gives the signal at the end. When the hostess indicates that the dinner is over, she will start to rise from her seat and all the guests will rise from theirs at the same time. 12) Various rules and Suggestions Sit up straight on your chair; Do not put much food in your mouth at a time; Drink only when there is no food in your mouth; Try not to get into your mouth anything that will have to be taken out; Do not make any nose when you eat; Do not clean your teeth at the table or anywhere in public, either with your finger or a tooth pick(牙签）, not even with you tongue.The Importance of First Impressions Carefully lower your paper and let your eyes fall upon the first person you see. Whats your first impression? Posh, picky, yucky or yummy? (Looking in the mirror is not allowed.) If you dont already know the person - thatd be cheating - then how have you come to your conclusions? A forensic ability to scrutinize a person may be a talent you hold, or you could just be like the rest of us, and look at how someone is dressed. We all do it, however subconsciously; yet fashion is never given the credit it deserves for being as powerful as it is. Its invariably regarded as a silly, but necessary, vanity. No political party ever has Clothes: why they matter on its manifesto; the heavyweight minds of the world rarely turn to interpret its semaphore (naturally, I am the exception). But fashion is actually a wonder force, an invention more useful than radio, more capable of altering mood on a sixpence than alcohol, drugs and music combined (as any man who has had to wait while his partner refuses to come out of the bedroom because nothing fits will testify). We not only judge others, but we allow what were wearing to dictate how we ourselves behave: Im still in my pajamas at 2pm, I must be a slob; I have found the perfect pair of trousers, all is right with the world. Last week GQ launched its best-dressed-men list. My first reaction was a snort of derision. Possibly because I didnt agree with the number one - Rio Ferdinand (no man who wears his collar up can ever truly be regarded as well dressed); or perhaps because I think these lists should be renamed best-dressed famous people; or maybe it is because GQ is always such a disappointment as a mens magazine - way too much analysis, not enough pictures of greased-up women with their arms above their head. Such lists are further annoying because they will never acknowledge that my Parisian- by-abode uncle, Vittorio, is the most stylish man on earth. He invented the tone-on- tone look (shirt, suit, tie, socks, sometimes even shoes, the same color) now copied by men of style partout. My uncle was wearing Christian Dior years before it got trendy - in fact when the label was being railed against by Sir Stafford Cripps, the president of the British Board of Trade at the time of the new look after the war, for being wasteful. And no mens magazine had to tell my uncle that you didnt have to be gay to wear cashmere. However, when Id finished snorting, I realized that it was good that dressing well was, for once, being celebrated. Why it is that fashion is generally regarded as so unimportant and flippant? We clearly regard fashion as a shameful mistress, for we deny her constantly. I never tell people what I do, a fashion editor once said, because after that I cant comment on anything else without them thinking Yes dear, yet when people find out, the conversation always turns round to fashion, and everyone twitches uncomfortably. I second this, having once brought a high-level political dinner to a standstill by introducing the subject of mens underpants, specifically boxers v other types. I left two hours later with all talk of the third way forgotten, but the phrase any man who says boxer shorts are comfortable is a liar ringing among the wood paneling. Clothes are more important, at least initially, than education, where we live, what we drive, how we vote, our religion. I dont mean having the latest thing - fashion has a trivial side that must be regularly ridiculed - I mean as a means of looking at and judging a person; because, unless you are visually impaired, we all do this to some extent. Anthropologists call it tribal identification. We look for identifiers that make us think a person is all right (the suit) or possibly a threat (hooded top, fat girl with midriff on show and a look of love in her eye). If we dont look right, we may never get the chance to show a keen wit and cohesion of thought as taut as one of Deirdre Barlows neck veins. But if we do look right, lack of these can be overlooked - why do you think politicians always wear suits? Cultures that seek to enforce behavior know that one of the most effective ways is to dictate what people wear. Take the collar - silly bit of annoying fabric round the neck? For 500 years its been a prime way for a man to show he doesnt need to work, ergo is better than his contemporaries. When he was alive, Charles Dickens was frequently judged not on his fine mind, but the excess spill of his tie - he favored the waterfall cravat, which he would barely tame with diamond pins. He was described as luxuriant and glossy (he had great hair) and a bit of a dandy. Thats quite at odds with how we think of him today, through his rather somber, socially aware writing. Thankfully, once we truly get to know a person, fashions signaling is redundant. But until then.