外研版八年级下册英语Module1- 3重要知识点和语法点的讲解.doc

1、外研版八年级下学期外研版八年级下学期 M1-M 3 重要知识点和语法点的讲解重要知识点和语法点的讲解 Module 1 知识点知识点 1 what a delicious smell ! (感叹句) 感叹句 : 1 由 what how 来引导,句末用感叹号，一定没有 how a /an 这种结构 2 把句后的主谓结构去掉， 如果有名词则是 what (不可数名词或者可数名词的复数 形式) /what a /an （可数名词的单数形式） 来引导，否则用 how 来引导。 Eg : 1 What a beautiful girl (she is) ! 2 What beautiful girls

2、 (they are )! 3 How fast (he runs)! 2 would like / want /feel like 想要去做某事 Would like /want to do sth would like /want sb to do sth would like /want sth Feel like doing sth (like 为介词) Eg : I would like /want to go shopping . I feel like going shopping 3 it be adj (for /of )sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是 adj

3、的 注意：of/for 取决于前面的 adj ，如果是修饰人的形容词用 of ,否则用 for Eg :It is friendly of you to help me . It is easy for me to learn English . 4 thanks for / thank you for 因某事感谢你 Eg :Thanks for / Thank you for your help . Thanks for helping me ./ Thank you for helping me . 5 arrive (at 小地点 in 大地点 ) reach get (to) 到达 注

4、意：所接介词不一样，如果接的是地点副词 (here there home )，则介词省略 Eg : I arrived at school at 7 o clock yesterday . I reached school at 7 oclock yesterday . I got to school at 7 oclock yesterday . I arrived /reached /got home at 7 oclock yesterday . 6 quite very 修饰单数可数名词 quite a beautiful girl a very beautiful girl 修饰动词

5、 very much 合在一起修饰动词 ，且一般位于句末 She quite likes English . She likes English very much . 7 carry get take bring Carry 携带；搬运 ，没有方向性。 Eg: She is carrying a big box . Take 拿去；带去，指把某物从说话地带到别处去。 Eg : Please take away the waste . Bring 拿来；带来 ，指把某物、某人从别处带到说话地 Eg : You must bring your book tomorrow 8 spend take

6、 pay cost Sb pay(paid) some money for sth Eg : She pays 20 yuan for the book . Sb spend(spent) some money / some time (in)doing sth / on sth Eg : I spend 20 yuan (in)buying the book . I spend 20 yuan on the book . Sth cost (cost) sb some money . Eg : The book cost me 20 yuan . Sth / it takes ( sb) s

7、ome time (to do sth ) Eg : Going to Wuhan by plane takes one hour . It takes me one hour to do the homework . 9 what does your mum look like ? Be like What does sb /sth look like 一般用来询问某人、某物的外貌或外部特征。 What s sb /sth like ? 通常询问某人、某物的性格或特征。 What does /do sb like ? 询问人的爱好 Eg :What does Mary look like ?

8、 She is tall and thin . Eg : What s Tom like ? He is very shy . Eg : What does your mother like ? She likes shopping . 10 be proud of = take pride in pride 是 proud 的名词 Eg : My parents are proud of me . My parents take pride in me . 语法专项语法专项 表感觉和知觉的系动词表感觉和知觉的系动词 语法全解语法全解 系动词有 be 感观动词，后接形容词作表语，有时也通过介词

9、 like 接名词。 系动词 词义 例句 Feel 感觉，摸起来 The coat feels comfortable . Look 看起来 Twins usually look the same . Smell 闻起来 The fish smells nice . Sound 听起来 The song sounds wonderful . Taste 尝起来 The cake tastes good . 注意，其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助于 do does Does the fish taste fresh ?Yes ,it does . They dont look happy . M

10、odule 2 知识点知识点 1 ever adv 曾经；从来 ，常用于现在完成时的一般疑问句中，位于过去分词之前，以加强 语气 Have /has sb ever v (过去分词)+其他？ 常用于询问某人是否做过某事。 Have you ever listened to the song ? Yes, I have . No ,never. 2 before Before adv prep conj before adv（以前）位于句末,时态常用现在完成时 Eg : She had never seen such a huge stone before . Before prep conj

11、在某某之前，可表示时间，位置，顺序等 。 Eg : My father usually goes to bed before 9:00 pm . (prep) Eg : Turn off the light before you leave the room . (conj) 辨析 before ago Before 单独用于现在完成时句子的末 尾； 用于某一时间点前 指某一时间点之前 Eg : before 3 oclock 常用于现在完成时或 一般时态 Ago 用于一段时间之后，不能单独使 用 指现在算起的一段时 间之前 Eg :three days ago 用于一般过去时 3 stop

12、doing /to do sth Stop doing sth 停止做某事 Stop to do sth 停下（原先做的事情）去做（另一件事） 类似的还有 go on /continue doing sth / to do sth 继续去做某事、继续去做另一件事 Eg :They were very tired ,but they didnt stop working . Eg :She felt rather tired ,so she stopped to drink a cup of coffee . 4 need 实义动词 情态动词 Need to do sth /sth (实义动词)

13、 Eg :She needs to have a good rest . They dont need any help . Need v (情态动词，没有人称时态的变化) 主要用于否定名或疑问句句 Eg : You neednt have a good rest . Must I bring my homework now ? No, you neednt . You can bring it tomorrow . 5 one of the adj (最高级) +n (可数名词复数) 最某某中的一个 Eg :She is one of the tallest girls in my clas

14、s. 6 the Robinsons Robinsons 一家人， “the+姓氏复数”通常表示“某某一家人或某某夫妇” ， 作主语时谓语动词用复数 Eg :The Robinsons are friendly . 7 have/ has been to has gone to have /has been at (小地点) /in (大地点) Have/has been to 曾经去过，后可接次数（once ,twice ,three times ）,表示“去过某地几 次”也可与 just ,never ,ever 等连用 Eg :I have been to the Great Wall

15、. Have /has gone to 已经去了某地 Eg :My mother has gone to Shanghai .She will come back next week. Have/has been at/in so 在某地逗留 Eg :I have been in Beijing for three years . 注意如果碰到地点副词 （here there home ） ，介词省略。 Eg : I have been there twice . 8 find it adj to do sth 发现做某事是. 代词 it 在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语，类似的用

16、法还有 Make /feel /think it adj to do sth Eg :I found it boring to play computer games . 9 how long how soon how often How long “延续多长时间”，用 for /since 引导的时间状 语回答 How long have you lived there ? Since I was born . How soon “多久以后” ，多用于将来时，用“in +一段时 间”回答 How soon will they come back ? They will come back i

17、n two weeks . How often “多久一次” ，提问动作发生的频率 How often do you go home ? Once a week . 10 another other the other others another/ the other adj 另一个 ， another 表示不限定数量的另一个， the other 表示两者之 中的另一个，通常与 one . ,the other 连用 Other adj 其它的 others n 其它的某某=other +n 常与 some . others 连用 Eg :Can you give me another a

18、pple ? I have two brothers ,one is a doctor ,the other is a teacher . Some students are singing ,other students are dancing . Some students are sings ,others are dancing . 注意：another 还可以表示另一些，与 more 可进行替换。 eg :two more apples = another two apples 语法专项语法专项 现在完成时现在完成时 语法全解语法全解 1 用法 （1）表示以前某个时间已经发生的行为或

19、曾经做过的事情对现在有某种影响。 I have seen the film . (2)表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。 My aunt has travelled all over the world . 2 构成 现在完成时谓语的构成为“have /has done”。 当主语是第三人称单数时用助动词 has ,其他情 况用助动词 have . 3 句式变化 （1）肯定句 句型：主语+have /has +动词的过去分词+其它。 I have watched the match . (2)否定句 句型：主语+have /has not +动词的过去分词+其它。 I have not watch

20、ed the match . He has not watched the match . (3)一般疑问句 句型：Have /has + 主语+动词的过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：yes ,主语+have /has . 否定回答： No,i havent . Have you watched the match ? Yes ,i have. / No ,i havent . Has he watched the match? Yes ,he has ./ No ,he hasnt . 4 动词过去分词的构成 （1）规则动词 1 大多数动词直接在后面加 ed Work-worked cook -

21、 cooked 2 以 e 结尾的动词需加 d Live - lived like - liked 3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词改 y 为 i ,再加 ed Try - tried study - studied 4 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed Stop - stopped plan- planned (2)不规则动词 一部分动词属于不规则动词，其过去分词形式需要特殊记。 See - seen take - taken be - been eat - eaten begin - begun Have - had make - made

22、find - found go - gone come - come Module 3 知识点知识点 1 information 不可数名词 消息，通知，信息 message 可数名词 消息，通报，音信 Eg : a piece of information / news take a message 2 in order to do sth so that In order (not)to do sth = so as to do sth 为了做某事，表示目的，可位于句首或句中， So that = in order that 为了.引导目的状语从句 Eg : In order to see

23、 it clearly ,she climbed higher . Eg : She climbed higher so that she could see it clearly . 3 none of (how many ) no one (who) None 即可指人也可指物，常暗示一定范围，因此可以与表示范围的 of 连用； no one = nobody 只指人，不能与 of 连用 None 与数量有关，可回答 how many 问句；而 no one “什么人也没有”,可回答 who 问 句。 Eg : None of us have seen the film . No one

24、/ Nobody knows about it . Eg : How many people are there in the room ? None . Who are late today ? No one . 4 billions of 与 hundreds /millions /thousands of 一样 ,有数词无 s 无 of ,无数词有 s 有 of Eg : two billion millions of 5 (not )adj /adv + enough to do sth 不够 （足够）. 可以做某事 Eg : She is not enough to carry th

25、e big box . 注意 enough +n adj/adv enough 6 far away = far adj 远的 far away from =far from 离某某很远 Eg : My school is far away /far . Eg : My school is far from /far away from my home . 7 just just now Just 刚刚 常用于现在完成时态，通常放在助动词之后，实义动词之前，多 用于肯定句 Just now 刚才 相当于 a moment ago ；常与一般过去时连用；通常放在句末 Eg : The train

26、 has just left . I saw him just now . 8 discover find invent discover 表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物，真理或错误 Find 表示“找到，发现”,指对某种事物的寻找，强调找的结果，其后可接名词，复 合结构或从句 Invent 表示“发明”,指经过认识和实践创造出以前没有的东西 Eg :Gilber discovered electricity . Eg :Have you found your book ? Eg :Edison invented the electric light bulb . 9 lonel

27、y adj alone adj adv Alone 可作 adj，意为“独自的，单独的” ，充当表语。还可作 adv ，意为“单独地， 独自地” ，表示客观上一个人，充当状语 Lonely 作形容词，可充当表语和定语，表示“主观上孤独的，寂寞的” Eg ,She lives alone . a lonely old man 语法专项语法专项 现在完成时二现在完成时二 语法全解语法全解 1 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 强调现在的情况， 它与现 在有密切的关系。 它不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系了起来， 不能和表示过去的时间 状语连用。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作

28、或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的 时间状语连用。 I have seen the film . I saw the film last week . 2 has/ have been to have /has gone to have /has been in Have /has been to 到过，去过，表示曾到过某地，而此时不 已不在那儿了。 Have you ever been to Hong Kong ? Have /has gone to 去了，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那个 地方了，而不在说话人处 Where is Lily ?Has she gone to the l

29、ibrary ? Have /has been to 待在，常和表示持续意义的时间状语连用 I have been in Harbin for three years. 3 already just yet 分别表示到现在为止动作或状态已经，刚刚或还没有发生。 Already 一般用于肯定 句中，常与现在完成时连用，与过去时 连用时，谓语动词一般要和延续性动词。有时 already 也用于疑问句中， 表示惊奇或希望对方给出肯定的答复 He already knew about it then . I have already finished my homework. Have you done already? Yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中， 常放在否定词之后或句末 His mother hasnt yet been to Beijing . Has she gone to school yet