外研版八年级下册英语Module 6-Module 8重要知识点和语法点的讲解.doc

1、外研版八年级下学期外研版八年级下学期 Module 6-Module 8 重要知识点和语法点的讲解重要知识点和语法点的讲解 Module 6 知识点知识点 1 a bit a little 相同点： a bit /a little adj eg :I am a bit / a little tired . 不同点： a little + n a bit of + n eg : a little water a bit of water 2 have /take a look/ walk /seat /rest /shower (n )= look walk sit rest (v) Eg :

2、have a look at the book = look at the book 3 show sb sth = show sth to sb 给某人展示某物，如果宾语是代词，只能用 show the to sb Eg : Please show me a book .= Please show a book to me . Please it to me . 4 see sb do sth see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事、 看见某人正在做某事 类似的单词还有：notice hear watch Eg : I often see John watch football g

3、ames . I saw John playing football just now . 5 make sb do sth make sb adj / n (宾语补足语) 使某人做某事、怎么样 Eg :We made the little girl laugh . It makes me happy . 6 pleasure pleasant pleased please please v 使高兴 eg : It pleased me a lot . Pleasure n 常见的用法：Its a pleasure . My pleasure .(不用谢、 不客气) With pleasure

4、 (很乐意) Pleasant adj 常用作定语，若主语是物，可可作表语 Eg : pleasant goat Eg :Its pleasant to visit Beijing in fall . Pleased adj 作表语，常用结构为: be pleased with ,be pleased to do sth Eg : Bill is a good boy ,and his mother is pleased with him . 7 success succeed successful successfully Success n “成功，成就”为不可数名词， “成功的人，成功的

5、事”可数名词 Eg :I wish you success in your studies . Our English party was a great success . Succeed v succeed in doing sth 成功地做了某事 Eg : She succeeded in winning the first prize . Successful adj “成功的” Eg : She is a successful writer . Successfully adv “成功地” 8 run out of / run out use up run out of = use

6、up 主语通常是人 run out 也可表示 “用完， 用尽” ,其主语通常是时间， 金钱，食物等。 Eg : I have run out of milk. We are using up the money . Eg : Time is running out . His money soon ran out . 9 valuable (adj)= be of value (n) 类似的单词有 important = of importance Eg : The book is valuable = The book is of value . 语法专项语法专项 简单句的五种基本句型简单句

7、的五种基本句型 语法全解语法全解 英语句子由主语，谓语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语或状语等组成。一个句子中如果只 有一个主语和一个谓语，我们称之为简单句。即使有两个主语或两个谓语，只要是并列主语 或并列谓语，也仍然是简单句。常见的简单句的基本句型是： 1 主语+谓语（时间、地点状语） ，即：S+V,简称：“主谓” My father works at that factory. (此句型中的谓语动词不可以直接加宾语，这种动词被称为不及物动词) 2 主语+谓语+宾语，即：S+V+O ,简称“主谓宾” She likes stamps. (此句型中的谓语动词必须后必须加宾语，这种动词称为及物动词

8、。) 3 主语+系动词+表语：即：S+V+P ，简称“主系表” Uncle Wang looks very happy. 4 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，即： S+V+ IO +DO ,简称“主谓双宾” Can to lend me your like ? can you lend your bike to me ? 5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，即：S+V+O+C ，简称“主谓宾宾补” We found a boy sitting in the tree. (宾语补足语用来说明宾语的行为，特征或状态等，宾语和宾语补足语之间通常有逻辑上的 主谓关系或动宾关系。) 6 There +be

9、+主语（+状语） ，即 there be 结构。 There is a picture on the wall . There are many people in the park. 助记：初中阶段常见的系动词有：一“是”(am ,is ,are) 一“觉” （feel）一“保持” （keep）,”起来”四个（look ,sound ,smell ,taste ） “好像” （seem）变了四个（become, turn, get ,go 都有“变得”的意思） 。 Module 7 知识点知识点 1 I dont know what to take = I dont know what I

10、should take . What to take ,what I should take 作 know 的宾语 2 at the end of in the end by the end of At the end of 在某某的末端、结尾 既可指时间，也可指位置 By the end of 到某某为止 只能表示时间概念 In the end 在最后 At last finally 3 a pair of (成双成对的名词) 如：shorts glasses trousers socks shoes chopsticks gloves Eg :There are two pairs of

11、chopsticks on the desk . There is a pair of shoes under the bed . 4 weigh v “重量有. ,重.,称，称某某的重量” weight n Put on weight 长胖，增肥 lose weight 减肥 lift weights 举重 Eg : How much do you weigh ? Both of us are the same weight . 5 by the way on ones way to in the way in a way in some ways in this/that way By t

12、he way 顺便说一下，顺便问一下 On ones /the way to 在某人去某某的路上 In the /ones way 挡道，挡路 In a way 在某个方面，在某种程度上 In some ways 在某些方面 In this /that way 用这种、那种方法 Eg : By the way ,what color do you like ? On my way to school ,I met my English teacher . Dont stand in the way . 7 prepare sb sth prepare sth for sb （为某人准备某物）

13、prepare to do sth = be ready to do sth （准备去做某事） Eg : My mother prepares me a good meal . = My mother prepares a meal for me . I prepare to have a good rest . = I am ready to have a good rest . 8 provide sb with sth provide sth for sb offer sb sth offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物 Eg :She offered me a cup of t

14、ea .= She offered a cup of tea to me . The hotel provides guests with meals .= The hotel provides meals for guest . 9 sometimes some times sometime some time Sometimes 有时 Sometimes I have lunch at school . Some times 几次；几倍 Ive seen the film some times . sometime 某时 Ill visit you sometime next week .

15、 Some time 一段时间 I havent seen you for some time . 助记：分开是“一段” ，相连是“某时” ，分开 s 是“倍，次”,相连 s 是“有时” 10 prefer = like better v 更喜欢，钟爱 （preferred） prefer sb to do sth prefer to do sth prefer to do rather than do sth 宁愿做某事，也不愿意做某事 prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer A to B 喜欢 A 胜过 B Eg：She prefers riding a

16、bike to driving . I prefer to read magazines rather than watch TV . 11 form v “形成，养成” eg : form friendships with / form a friendship with sb Form the habit of Form n “种类，形式，表格” eg : Do you like the form of learning ? Please fill in the blank form . 12 fill out = fill in 填写 Fill v 装满，使充满 adj full 常用短

17、语：fill . with 用某某把某某装满 （强调动作）Be filled with = be full of （充 满，装满） （强调状态） Eg : She filled the bag with books The glass is filled with water .= The glass is full of water . 语法专项语法专项 并列复合句并列复合句 并列复合句是指由并列连词 and ,but ,or 等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句 子。 1 并列复合句的构成 并列复合句的基本结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 I help him and he hel

18、ps me . 2 并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。 并列关系 由连词 and ,not only but also 等连接。 He gave me a present and I liked it very much. 选择关系 由连词 or ,either .or 等连接 You can dance in the park ,or you can run to exercise. 转折关系 由连词 but ,however ,yet ,while 等连接 I am a Chinese ,but my husband is from America. Im good at dancing ,w

19、hile he is good at singing. 3 使用并列句要注意的几种情况 (1)并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开（前后句之间的关系应相当紧密） Im a Chinese ; I speak Chinese . (2)并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。 My father works in a factory and my mother in a school . Module 8 知识点知识点 1 its better (not)to do sth 做某事更好 had better (not)do sth 最好去做某事 Eg :Its be

20、tter to learn English . You had better learn English now . 2 hardly hard Hardly=almost not Adv 几乎不；几乎没 ,在名中常置于 系动词， 助动词， 情态动词之后， 行为动词之前 Eg :I can hardly know the news. Hard Adv 努力地；用功地 She works hard . Adj 硬的；艰苦的 He lives a hard life . 拓展：hardly 为否定副词，变以反意疑问句时，附加疑问部分用肯定式。 She hardly laughed ,did he

21、? 3 be famous for be famous as be famous to Be famous for 因某某而闻名、著名 以某种知识，技能，特产或特征闻名 Be famous as 以、作为某某而出名 以某种身份，产地而出名 Eg :Yantai is famous for its apples . She is famous as an actor . 4 allow sb to do sth allow doing sth sb be allowed to do sth Allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 Eg: My parents allow me to

22、 watch TV on weekends . Allow doing sth 允许做某事 Eg: Our teachers allow playing here . Sb be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 Eg : Are the students allowed to eat in the classroom ? 5 promise v /n Promise to do /not to do sth 许诺、答应做、不做某事 Eg :She promised to buy a bike for me . Promise that 答应 Eg :He promises t

23、hat he can return on time . Promise n make a promise 许诺 keep a promise 遵守诺言 break a promise 不遵守诺言 6 above (below) over (under) on above 表示位置高于某人或某物 Eg :The bag is above the desk . Over 指垂直在上，且不接触 Eg :The light is over the desk . On 与物体表面接触 Eg :The books is on the desk . 7 wish hope to do sth wish ho

24、pe that wish sb to do sth Wish that 宾语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式,be 动词用 were Eg : I wish I were you . He wishes /hopes to be a doctor in the future . My parents wish me to be healthy . 8 so that such that 如此.以至于 that 引导结果状语从句 So adj /adv that such (a/ an) adj n that 注意 so adj a/an n that = such a/an adj n th

25、at Eg ：She is such a beautiful girl .= She is so beautiful a girl . 9 point out point at point to Point out 指出 Point to /at 指向，指着，to 强调远距离,at 强调近距离 Eg : Please point out the mistakes . She pointed to the hill . Dont point at people with a finger . 语法专项语法专项 That 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 教材典句教材典句 语法全解语法全解 放在动词后

26、面作宾语的句子称为“宾语从句” 宾语从句可以分为三类：一类是 that 引导的宾语从句； 一类是 whether /if 引导的宾语 从句； 还有一类是连接代词，连接副词引导的宾语从句。 1 宾语从句的引导词 that 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望” ： “相信” ： “知道”或“说”时，其后面的句子 一般用 that 引导。That 没有任何意义， 只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是 作前面动词的宾语，多数情况下 that 可以省略。 I hope (that)you will come to my birthday party . I believe (that)we sh

27、all become good friends . 注意： 并非所有的动词后面都可接 that 引导的宾语从句。 常接 that 引导的宾语从句的动词 有:believe ,expect ,explain ,feel ,hear ,imagine ,prefer ,promise ,report ,say ,see ,tell ,think ,underst and ,warn ,wish 等。 拓展：引导词 that 用于下列情况时不可省略。 1 当宾语从句的主语是 that 时。 He says that that is a useful book . 2 当从句前有插入语时。 It sa

28、ys ,on the card ,that it is made in China . 3 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。 I am afraid that if youve lost it ,you must pay for it . 4 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的 that 可以省略处，其余从 句中的 that 都不可以省略。 He said (that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 2 宾语从句的时态 （1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时，

29、现在进行时，现在完成时） ，那么宾语 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday . （2）如果主句时过去的某种时态 ，那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. (3) 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去的某种时态，从句也用一般现 在时态。 He told me that the earth is round . 3 宾语从句的否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是 think ,believe ,suppose 等时， 要将从句的否定词转移到主句中， 即主句的谓语动词用否定形式， 而从句的谓语动词用肯定 形式。 I dont think he will come .