人教版go for it 八年级下册英语-unit1单词、短语、句子及重点知识点.doc

1、Unit 1 重点单词重点单词 Matter n. 事情，问题 sore adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 stomachache n. 胃痛，腹痛 Neck n. 颈； 脖子 stomach n. 胃， 腹部 throat n. 喉 咙，咽喉 Fever n . 发烧 cough n. 咳嗽 toothache n. 牙痛 Headache n . 头痛 hurt v. 疼痛，受伤 passenger n. 乘客，旅客 Bandage v. 用绷带包扎 nosebleed n. 鼻出血 breathe V. 呼吸 Sunburned adj. 晒伤的 climber n. 登山者 risk 危险， 风

2、险 Accident n. (交通) 事故， 意外事故 situation n. 情景， 状态 knife n. 刀 Blood n. 血 importance n. 重要性，重要 decision . 决定，抉择 Spirit n. 勇气，意志 death n. 死，死亡 nurse n. 护士 重点短语重点短语 Whats the matter with you ? = Whats wrong with you ? = Whats the trouble with you ? Sore throat 喉咙痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 take ones temperatu

3、re 量体温 See the dentist 看牙医 have a fever 发烧 have a headache 头痛 Go along 沿着 走 get off 下车 wait for 等待 To ones surprise 令某人吃惊 thanks to 由于 in time 及 时 Think about 考虑 agree to do sth 同义做某事 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 Fall down 摔倒 be interested in 对.感兴趣 be used to doing sth 习惯于 Take risks (take a risk )冒险 one of

4、 + n 复数 、 、 、 、 之一 run out (of ) 用尽；耗尽 Cut off 切除 get out of 离开，从出来 be in control of 掌握，管理 Make a decision 做决定 keep on doing sth 持续做某事 give up 放弃 Have trouble (in)doing sth 做某事有困难 expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 重、难点句子重、难点句子： 1)He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next b

5、us 他希望大多数乘客或所有的乘客都会下车等下一辆公共汽车。 这个句子理解的时候主要要求掌握几个短语。 期望某人做某事 “expect sb to do sth ” get off “下车” wait for “等待” 例子：I expect Tom to be a skilled worker 我期望汤姆做个技术工人 练习：1.You look sad. What has happened ? Everyone _ us to win the math, but we lost. A. expects B. expected C. hopes D. hoped 2)But to his su

6、rprise , they all agreed to go with him 但是令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一但是令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一 起去起去 Surprise 是名词， 表示“惊讶”时， 是不可数名词。 常用短语：in surprise 惊讶地； to ones surprise 使.惊讶的。 表示“令人惊讶的事/意外之事”时， 是可数名词。 Surprise 还可以作及物动词， 意思是“使惊讶 ，常用短语 surprise sb . 例子： It was a great surprise to learn of her marriage. 得知她结婚是一件十分令人惊喜的事。

7、 Surprised 为形容词， 意思是“感到惊讶的” surprising 也是形容词， 意思是“令人感到 惊讶的 To ones surprise 与 in surprise 的区别 To ones surprise “使。 。感到惊讶的” ，常位于句首，做状语， 表示行为的结果。 例子：To our surprise , the door was unlocked . 令我们吃惊的是门没有锁。 In surprise “惊奇地”常位于动词之后做状语。 表示方式。 例子： John looked at me in surprise 约翰惊奇的望着我。 3）Do you agree that

8、 people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble ? 你同意人们经常不帮助别人是因为他们不你同意人们经常不帮助别人是因为他们不想惹上麻烦吗？想惹上麻烦吗？ Trouble 是名词， 意为“烦恼，苦恼，问题” ， 通常是不可数名词， 使用时注意以下 句型和结构： 1. have trouble (in) doing sth 表示“做某事有困难” ， 其中的介词 in 在口语中通常可以 省略，但通常不能改为不定式。 例子： We had on trouble (in)finding his o

9、ffice 我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。 2. have trouble with 表示“有.毛病；同. 闹纠纷 例子： He is having trouble with teeth . 他正牙痛 3.get into trouble 是固定短语， 意为“陷入困境； 造成麻烦 例子： Hes always getting into trouble (with the teacher). 他老闯祸（给老师惹麻烦） 4） As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一个登山者，作为一个登山者， 阿伦习惯于冒阿伦习惯于冒 险

10、险 这个句子需要注意以下 1. be used to 为“习惯于。 。 。 。;适应于。 。 。 ” ， 后常接动词、代词或现在分词。 be used to doing sth .表示”习惯于做某事”. be used to do sth 表示“ 被用来做某 事 例子： I am used t o eating rice now. 我现在习惯吃大米。 The knife can used to cut meat 这把刀能用来切肉。 Take risks “冒险” 相当于 take a risk 例子： We do not expect untrained people to take risk

11、s . 我们不主张未受过训练的人员去冒 险。 5) On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah. 在在 2003 年年 4 月月 26 日，当他在尤他州爬山时发现自己处在一个很危险的状况里。日，当他在尤他州爬山时发现自己处在一个很危险的状况里。 Situation 是名词， 意为“位置；形势；情况”多指国家的政治局势、经济状态等， 是 可数名词。 其形容词是 situational, 意为“环境形成的” 。 例子： This situation is unfavo

12、urable for us 这样的情况对我们来说是不利的。 6）On that day , Arons arm was caught under a 2, 000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. 那天，当他独自在山上攀登的时候，阿伦的胳膊那天，当他独自在山上攀登的时候，阿伦的胳膊 被一个落在他身上被一个落在他身上 2000 公斤重的岩石压住了。公斤重的岩石压住了。 2,000-kilo 是由连字符和其他名词构成的名词性短语， 当他做定语的时候，该名词只能 用单数形式。 例子

13、：She is a 6-year-old girl . 她是一个六岁大的女孩。= she is a 6 years old girl 7) But when his water ran out , he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但当他的水用光的时候，但当他的水用光的时候， 他知识他必须做点什么来挽救自己的生命。他知识他必须做点什么来挽救自己的生命。 1.run out of “用尽，耗完” 例如： I have run out of notepaper 我们已用完了信纸 They have ru

14、n out of their food 他们的食物已经用完 了 2. have to do something “一定要做点什么； 和.有关” 例如： You have to do something about your text 你必须为你的考试做些什么了。 8） Then ,with his left arm , he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood 然后，他用左手臂用绷带包扎自己，然后，他用左手臂用绷带包扎自己， 这样他不会失血太多。这样他不会失血太多。 too much “太多，太过于”，做定语修饰不

15、可数名词，还可以单独用作主语、表语、状 语等， ， too 是副词， much 是形容词， 意为“许多的，大量的” 例子： I have too much homework to do 我有太多的家庭作业要做 There is too much water in the glasses 杯子里有太多的水 由此我们可以回忆一下之前我们学习过的 much too 是什么意思呢？ much too 是“太、非常”的意思，其实 much 在这里表示“大”的意思，是用来加强 too 的 语气， 常用来修饰形容词和副词 例子：Youre much too fat 你太胖了 以前我们还学过 too many

16、 的用法， 他是用来修饰可数名词的复数的。 这个短语的中心词是 many ,too 只是用来修饰 many 例子： There are too many apples in the basket 在篮子里有太多的苹果。 练习：1. look ! There is a big river , Lets swim in it ! No， I think its _ dangerous A. much too B. too much C. too many D. many too 2. Why are you so tired these days ? Well , I have _ work to

17、 do A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many too 9) In this book , Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being in control of ones life .在这本书中阿伦讲述了做出重要选择的重要性，以及掌握自己生命的在这本书中阿伦讲述了做出重要选择的重要性，以及掌握自己生命的 重要性。重要性。 1. importance 是不可数名词， 意为“重要性，重要“，其形容词是 important “重要 的”， 例子： This m

18、atter is of vital importance to us 这件事对我们来说至关重要。 2. decision 是名词 ， 意为 “决定， 抉择 “。 decision 经常与 make , reach, arrive at , give , come to 等词连用（但不可用 do）均表示”作出决定” 例子： We cant make a decision without our chairman. 主席不在场，我们不能做决定。 与 decision 有关的短语 decision about 关于。 。 。的决定 decision on 关于。 。 。的决 定 come to a

19、decision 决定下来 give a decision 做出决定 make a decision 做决定 reach a decision 达成协议 wrong decision 错误的决定 3. control 做名词， 意为 “掌握，控制“常用短语”be in control of ” 例子： They were in complete control of the situation 他们完全掌握了局势。 10) Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today . 阿伦在那次事

20、故过后并没有放弃，阿伦在那次事故过后并没有放弃， 现在坚持爬山。现在坚持爬山。 1. give up 是动词短语， 意为“放弃“， 指行为或努力受挫或被的原因而主动放弃， 可用作及物动词，跟名词或 V.-ing 做宾语 。 也可做不及物动词。 例子： You ought to give up smoking , I gave up last year 你应该戒烟， 我去年就戒 掉了。 易混词组 意义及用法 例句 give up give up 指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主 动放弃， 可做及物动词， 跟名词或动名词做 宾语， 也可作不及物动词。 The window was strong an

21、d the waves were big , so he had to give up his attempt to swim the channel 。 风急 浪高，他只好放弃横渡海峡的打算 give in give in 意为“让步，屈服“指不再坚持自 己的行为或观点等， 而按照别人的要求去做， 一般做不及物动词 As neither of the two sides would give in ,the agreement fell through . 由于双发不肯让步，所以没 能达成协议 give out give out 意为“用完，耗尽，体力不支“是 不及物动词 After a l

22、ong journey , my strength gave out and couldnt walk any father . 已经走了很长的路，我已 筋疲力尽，再也走不动了。 练习：1. It was a difficult time for the quake-hit victims(牺牲者，受害者) in Yaan, but they didnt _ hope . A. give up B. give off C. give in D. give out 2.I feel it hard to keep up with my classmates in study and someti

23、mes I lose heart . But whenever(不管什么时候) I want to _， my teacher always encourage me to work harder . A. go on B. run away C. give up D. look out 2. keep on 意为“ 反复的做“， 继续进行。 常用句型是 keep on doing sth 意为”继续 （或坚持）做某事“ 例子： She kept on working although she was tired . 她虽然很疲惫但任继续工作 Keep on with 后可加名词或代词， 意为

24、“继续“ 例子： Keep on with your training 继续你的练习吧！ 重点语法： 用英语询问病情或描述身体不适用英语询问病情或描述身体不适 医生询问病情的常用句式有： Whats wrong with you ? /Whats the matter with you ? / Whats your trouble ?你怎么了？/ 你那里不舒服？ 拓展： Whats the matter ? 还可以用来询问某人遇到什么麻烦。 如： Whats the matter with you ? 你怎么了？ I lost my money . 我丢了一些钱。 1 在英语中，表达“疼痛或不

25、舒服“时 常用的几个词有 ache , sore , pain 和 hurt 等。 其用 法总结如下 ： （1） “主语+ have/has +a + 病症“，如 Jim has a cold 吉姆 患了重感冒 （2） “主语+ have/has +a + sore + 发病部位“ 。 sore 为形容词， 故放在表示身 体部位的名词前面，构成名词性短语。如：I had a sore throat last week （3）.“主语+have /has + a + 部位+ ache “. ache 为名词，也可作后缀， 常与 表示身体部位的名词合成另外一个新词， 表示身体某部位疼痛。 如： S

26、he has a toothache. 他 牙痛 （4） “部位+hurt(s)“. hurt 用作动词， 意为”疼，痛“，其过去式仍为 hurt ， 表达某一具体位置的疼痛。如： My heads hurt badly 我头疼的厉害 （5） “(There is) something wrong with ones +部位“ 意为： ”某人. 不舒服/ 出了毛病 “ 如： I cant see anything , I think there must be something wrong with my eyes . 我 什么也看不见，我想我的眼睛一定出毛病了。 练习：1. Whats t

27、he matter _ you ? I have a toothache A. with B. for C. at 2. _ I have a headache . A. Whats the matter , Judy ? B. Where are you , Judy ? C. Who are you ? D. What are you doing , Judy ? 3. Whats the matter with you ? _ A Im glad B. I have a cold C. I have something to do D. Sorry , I dont know shoul

28、d 的用法的用法 Should 是情态动词，意为“应该”表示建议或者要求，其后接动词原形没有人称和数的变 化。 例如：You should help your mother with the housework 你应该帮助你妈妈做家务。 Should 用在否定句中时， 直接在后面加 not 可缩写成 shouldnt ,用于疑问句是，将 should 移至句首即可。 谓语动词即为原形。 You should finish homework first . You shouldnt finish homework first Should you finish homework first ?

29、Yes , I should No, I shouldnt 练习：1. We should help him with English (变为否定句) We should _ help him with English . 2. You should lie down and have rest (对划线部分提问) _ _ I _ ? 2表示委婉的提出意见或建议时， 意为“应该，应当” 。如： You should drink lots of water . 你应该喝大量的水。 Fall down 和 fall off 的区别 Fall down 强调的是滑倒，倒下。 后接宾语时应加上介词 f

30、rom . 例子： The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down 男孩重重的撞在树上， 结果摔倒了。 Fall off 强调的是“跌落，从. 掉下来 ” ，后直接接宾语， off 为介词或副词。 例子： The girl is falling off the bike = The girl is falling down from the bike 女孩正从自 行车上摔下来 练习： 老妇跌倒在大街上， 摔坏了腿。 （将句子补充完整） The old lady _ _ in the street and broke her leg 反身代词反身代词

31、 1.反身代词意为 “.自己” 反身代词的构成是在物主代词 （my our your） 以及人称代词 （it， him， her ,them）后加 self(单数) 或 selves (复数) 反身代词不能用作主语。 反身代词做宾 语时常与 buy , enjoy , hurt, teach, wash, look after 等动词连用。 他们在句中必须与主句的人称和数保持一致。 例子：Mr smith bought himself many good things . 史密斯先生给自己买了很多好东西 反身代词还可以用来加强语气，译为“自己；本人” ，如： Youd better go an

32、d ask the teacher himself 你可以自己去问老师本人 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 Myself Yourself Himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves Themselves 2. 反身代词的用法 句法作用 用作宾语 The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。 Take good care of yourself 好好照顾你自己 But the driver didnt think about himself 但是司机并没有为自己着想。 用作主语或宾 语的同位语

33、Mrs. Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。 You had better ask the teacher himself 你最好问教师本人 用作表语 Just be yourself. 做你自己就好。 Mary hasnt quite been herself recently. 玛丽进来感到不适。 练习：1. Ill have a tennis game tomorrow . Im a little bit nervous . Believe in _ . Youre the best in our club A. herself B. my

34、self C. yourself D. himself 2. We bought _ a present , but _ didnt like it . A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves, their D. theirs, they 3.用人称代词，物主代词，反身代词填空 1. Is that car yours ? Yes , it is _ 2. I am sure I can do it all by _ 3. Look , is this room beautiful ? I painted it _ 4. Id like to go

35、for a walk . _ too. 5. His father hopes we can enjoy _ at the party 6. His mother is waiting for _ outside 7. Mary is old enough to take care of _ 8. It is a model plane , I made it _ 9. Look at _ . She is every well . 10. Can you carry this box upstairs by _ ? To ones surprise in surprise 的区别的区别 To

36、 ones surprise 意为“使感到惊讶的，出乎.意料”常位于句首，做状语， 表示行为 的结果。 例子：To my surprise , the door was unlocked . 令我吃惊的是， 门没有锁。 In surprise 译为“惊奇地”常位于动词之后做状语， 表示方式 例子： John looked at me in surprise . 约翰惊奇的望着我。 练习： 1. If you have a toothache, you should see a _ . A. policeman B. teacher C. nurse dentist 2. Whats the m

37、atter with you ? _ . A. Im glad B. I have a cold C. I have something to do D. Sorry , I dont know 3. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesnt enjoy _ . A. he B. him C. his D. himself 4. Lily was 9 years old . _ was old enough to go to school _ . A. She, she B. She , herself C. Her, he

38、rself D. Her, she 5. Who taught you English last year ? Nobody taught me . I taught _. A. me B. myself C. mine D. I 6. We bought _ a present , but _ didnt like it . A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves, their D. theirs, they 二 用人称代词、物主代词、反身代词填空。 1. Is that car yours ? Yes, it is _. 2. I am sur

39、e I can do it all by _. 3. Look ,is this room beautiful ? I painted it _ . 4. Id like to go for a walk. _ too. 5. His mother is waiting for _ outside . 6. My mother is waiting for _ outside. 7. Mary is old enough to take care of _. 8. It is a model plane, I made it _ 9. Look at _. She is very well . 10. Can you carry this box upstairs by _