人教版go for it 八年级下册英语Unit 3 知识点语法归纳总结(等8份资料).zip

1 Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. 1. 短语归纳短语归纳 1have a yard sale 举办庭院拍卖会 2more than 多于 3give away 赠送 4not anymore/any longer 不再 5a couple of 一双；几个 6check out 察看；观察 7clear out 清理；丢掉 8grow up 长大 9no longer 不再；不复 10play with 和玩耍，玩弄 11part with 放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的东西） 12as for 至于；关于 13give up 放弃 14to be honest 说实在的 15even though 即使 16millions of 数百万 17search for 寻找 18according to 依据 19across from 在对过 20close to 几乎；接近 2. 典句必背典句必背 1How long have you had that bike over there? 你买那边的那辆自行车多长时间了? 2Because Ive had it since I was a baby. 因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。 3For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. 比如，他从四岁生日起就拥有了火车和铁路套装玩具，他几乎每个星期都玩儿它，直到他七岁左右。 4. but, to be honest,I have not played for a while now. 但是，说实在的，现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。 5Nowadays ,millions of Chinese leave the countryside search for work in the cities. 现在，数以百万计的中国人离开农村去城市里找工作。 6Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. 许多像钟伟一样的人都带着极大兴趣关注着他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化。 3. 用法集萃用法集萃 2 (1)How long have you had that bike over there? 你买那边的那辆自行车多长时间了你买那边的那辆自行车多长时间了? 本句是 how long 引导的特殊疑问句，时态是现在完成时， 结构是“How long+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?”。 how long 表示“多长时间”，对时间段进行提问。 例：How long have you lived in Beijing? For ten years. 十年了。 辨析：how often, how soon, how long, how far how often 指“多久一次”，主要用来对频率进行提问。 答语通常是 usually、sometimes 等频度副词 以及 once a week、twice a month 等表示频度的短语。 How often do you visit your mother? 你多长时间看你妈妈一次? Once a week. 一周一次。 how soon 指“多久以后”，多用于一般将来时， 答语通常为“in+时间段”。 How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来? in an hour. 一个小时以后。 how long 表示“多长时间”，主要对一段时间提问， 答语通常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”。 另外还可以表示某东西有多长。 How long have you been away from your hometown? 你离开家乡多久了? For about five years. 大约 5 年了。 How long is the Yellow River? 黄河有多长? About5,464 km. 大约 5,464 千米。 how far 指两地间的距离，意思是“多远”。 How far is it from here to the zoo? 从这里到动物园有多远? Its about 6 kilometers. 大约 6 千米。 (2)Because Ive had it since I was a baby. 因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。 since 是连词，意为“自从；.以来”， 引导时间状语从句，从句多用一般过去时，主句多用现在完成时。 例：He has skated for quite some time since we came here. 自从我们来到这儿，他已经滑冰很长时间了。 She has been living a hard life since her husband died. 自从她丈夫死后，她一直过着艰苦的生活。 拓展拓展 since 还可以用作介词，后接名词或名词短语。 3 例：Hes been off work since Tuesday. 自星期二以来他一直没上班。 (3)For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. 比如，他从四岁生日起就拥有了火车和铁路套装玩具，他几乎每个星期都玩儿它，直到他七岁左右。比如，他从四岁生日起就拥有了火车和铁路套装玩具，他几乎每个星期都玩儿它，直到他七岁左右。 “ones+序数词+birthday”意为“某人.岁生日”。 “on ones+序数词+birthday”是固定搭配，意为“在某人.岁生日时”。 例：I received some presents on my tenth birthday. 我在十岁生日时收到了一些礼物。 (4). but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 但是，说实在的，现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。但是，说实在的，现在我已经有一段时间没玩了。 to be honest 是不定式短语作插入语，意为“说实在的”。 类似短语有：to tell (you) the truth 说实话；to be frank 坦率地说 例：To be honest, you cant pass the exam. 老实说，你不能通过这次考试。 拓展拓展 同根词 honest adj.诚实的honestly adv.诚实地 honesty n.诚实 （-y 是名词后缀） dishonest adj.不诚实的 （dis-是否定前缀） 注意：honest 虽然以辅音字母 h 开头，但 h 不发音，所以 honest 仍然是以元音音素开头的词，故其前的不定冠词用 an。 例：Everybody trusts him because he is an honest person. 每个人都信任他，因为他是个诚实的人。 (5)Nowadays ,millions of Chinese leave the countryside search for work in the cities. 现在，数以百万计的中国人离开农村去城市里找工作。现在，数以百万计的中国人离开农村去城市里找工作。 search 是不及物动词，意为“寻找，搜寻”。search 还可以作及物动词。 例：After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. 我们降落之后，飞机被彻底搜过了。 拓展拓展 4 search“搜查，搜寻”，作及物动词， 后面直接跟“被搜的对象” The policeman searched the prisoner to see if he had a gun. 警察对该囚犯搜身，看他是否有枪。 search for当没有“被搜的对象”只有“寻找的目 标”时，则要用 search for She searched all the shops for Jims present. 她为了给吉姆买礼物，找遍了所有的商店。 search.for. . 如果表示搜查某一对象的目的是要找什 么时，要用 search.for.，强调有具体的 搜查对象且有具体的寻找目标 All night they searched for Mike. 他们通宵寻找迈克。 (6)Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. 在这些人中，有一位在这些人中，有一位 46 岁的丈夫和父亲岁的丈夫和父亲钟伟。钟伟。 辨析：between, among between作介词，意为“在.中间”，一般指两者之间。 I sat down between Sue and Jane. 我在休和简中间坐了下来。 among介词，指三者或三者以上之间。 There is a small house among the tall trees. 在高大的树木中有一栋小房子。 (7)Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. 许多像钟伟一样的人都带着极大兴趣关注着他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化。许多像钟伟一样的人都带着极大兴趣关注着他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化。 regard 是动词，意为“将.认为；把.视为；看待”。 常用结构：regard.as.“把.当作.；把.视为.” 例：Our teachers regard us as fiends. 我们的老师把我们当作朋友。 拓展拓展 be regarded as “被看成.” 例：She is widely be regarded as the current leaders natural successor. 人们普遍认为她是现任领导理所应当的继任者。 4. 语法聚焦：现在完成时（语法聚焦：现在完成时（III） 本单元的语法重点仍然是现在完成时。在本单元的语法部分，我们总结一下现在完成时的注意事项。 注意事项 5 如果单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间， 虽有 since 从句（一般过去时）， 主句也可以不用现在完成时。 It is two years since his father died. = His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲已去世两年了。 非延续性动词在完成的否定式否定式中， 已变成一种可以延续的状态， 因此可以表示动作的延续性。 I havent left here since 1997. 自从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 （指将一个非延续性动词转换成一个延续性动词） She left her hometown five years ago. 她五年前离开了她的家乡。 She has been away from her hometown for five years. 她离开家乡有五年时间了。 初中阶段常见的需要转换的动词有： leavebe away( from) beginbe on buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead joinbe a member+介词短语 becomebe openbe open( adj.)1 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 1. 短语归纳短语归纳 1have a cold/ fever/ stomachache 感冒、发烧、胃疼 2lie down 躺下 3too much 太多 4get an X-ray 拍片 5take ones temperature 量体温 6sound like 听起来像 7take breaks (take a break) 休息 8go to a doctor 看医生 9get off 下车 10on the side of 在边上 11have a heart problem 患心脏病 12wait for 等待 13to ones surprise 使惊讶的；出乎意料 14thanks to 多亏；由于 15in time 及时 16think about 考虑，认为 17right away 立刻，马上 18get into trouble 陷入麻烦 19fall down 摔倒 20a few 几个，一些 21have problems breathing 呼吸困难 22get sunburned晒伤 23look up 查阅 24be interested in 对感兴趣 25be used to doing 习惯于做某事 26take risks (take a risk) 冒险 27lose ones life 丧生 28became of 因为 29run out (of) 用尽，耗尽 30be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 31cut off 切除 32climb down爬下 33get out of 离开；从出来 34tell of 讲述 35the importance of (doing sth.) （做某事的）重要 性 36be in control of 掌管，管理 37make a decision 做决定 38keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事 39give up 放弃 40cut/ hurt oneself 使自己受伤 2 2. 典句必背典句必背 1Whats the matter? 2I have a stomachache. 3What should I do? 4Should I take my temperature? 5I think you should lie down and rest. 6If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 7His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 3. 用法集萃用法集萃 (1)当别人心情不好，身体不适或遇到麻烦时，我们可以用如下表达表示关心：当别人心情不好，身体不适或遇到麻烦时，我们可以用如下表达表示关心： Whats the matter? Whats the matter with you? Whats wrong with ? Whats the troubleproblem with ? (2)英语中常用英语中常用 have 描述身体的不适，此时描述身体的不适，此时 have 意为意为“患有患有” ，常用结构：，常用结构： 1have a + 疾病疾病 例：have a cold 感冒；have a fever 发烧；have a cough 咳嗽 2have a + 身体部位身体部位-ache 例：have a headache 头痛；have a toothache 牙痛 3have a sore + 身体部位身体部位 例：have a sore throat 咽喉痛；have a sore back 背痛 (3) lie down 躺下；躺下；tell lies/a lie 说谎说谎 含义过去式过去分词 3 躺；平躺 位于 laylain 撒谎；说谎liedlied (4) maybe & may be 1maybe， “或许” ，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。例：Maybe you are right. 2may be，是情态动词+be 的结构，意为“可能，也许” ，后加名词、代词或形容词。 例：He may be angry. (5) sound like & sound 1sound like+名词/代词/从句 例：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. 2sound+形容词， “听起来，好像” ，例：The music sounds nice. (6) when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 这时司机看到意为老人躺在路边。 1see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” ，强调看到的动作正在进行； 2see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事” ，强调看见动作的全过程或看见动作经常发生。 例：I can see some children playing games. 我能看见一些孩子在玩游戏。 I saw him repair his bike. 我看见他修了他的自行车。 (7) He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. 他期望大多数或所有乘客下车等下一班公交车。 1expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 expect + that 从句 hope to do sth. 或 hope+ that 从句 2get off 下（汽车、火车等） ；get on 上车；get up 起床，起来；get back 回来 get on/along 相处，进展；get into 陷入，开始参与；get to 到达 (8)But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但出乎他的意料，他们都同意与他一起去。 4 1to ones surprise“使惊讶的；出乎意料” ，通常放在句首，在句中可作独立的状语 例：To our surprise, she is the last winner. 使我们惊讶的是，她是最后的赢家。 2surprising“令人惊讶的” ，常用来形容事/物。例：This is a surprising gift. surprised “感到惊讶的” ，常用来形容人。例：The gift makes me surprised. 3agree 同意，赞同；agree to do 同意做某事；agree with sb 同意某人的看法、观点 (9) Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客们，这个人及时得到了医生们的救治。 1thanks to 幸亏，多亏了；由于的帮助=with the help of /with ones help/because of to 是介词，后接名词/代词或相当于名词/代词的词。 例：Thanks to your help, I can pass the exam. 多亏了你的帮助，我才通过考试。 2in time 及时；on time 准时 例：Luckily, he got to the bus station in time. 幸运的是，他及时赶到了公交车站. The plane takes off on time. 飞机准时起飞。 (10) “Its sad that many people dont want to help others because they dont want any trouble,” says one passenger. “因为不想惹麻烦，许多人不想帮助他人，这是令人寒心的。因为不想惹麻烦，许多人不想帮助他人，这是令人寒心的。 ”一位乘客说。一位乘客说。 1because + 句子；because of 介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词 例：The sports meet was put off because of the bad weather. 运动会因为糟糕的天气推迟了 2trouble n.困难；麻烦（不可数名词） v.使苦恼，打扰 be in trouble 有困难；陷入困境 get into trouble 陷入困境 have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 做某事有困难 have problems breathing 呼吸困难 例：I have trouble finishing my homework. / I have trouble with my homework. 我完成家庭作业有困难。 5 (11) As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。 1be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 例：Im used to getting up early and having a walk. 我习惯于早起散步。 2used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（但现在不再做） 3be used to do sth. 被用来做某事，相当于 be used for doing sth. 例：Wood is used to make paper.= Wood is used for making paper. 木材被用来造纸。 (12) But when his water ran out, he know that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但当他的水 用尽时，他知道他将不得不做些事情来拯救自己的生命。 1run out“用尽，耗尽” ，主语常是表示时间、金钱、食物等无生命的食物。 例：Money is running out. 钱快用光了。 2run out of“用尽，耗尽” ，主语只能是人。 例：Were running out of money. 我们快把钱用光了。 (13) So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 于是他用刀把右臂砍断了一半。于是他用刀把右臂砍断了一半。 cut off 切除； turn off 关闭，关掉；get off 下车；take off 起飞，脱掉 put off 推迟，拖延；give off 发出，散发；set off 出发 (14) and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death. .在我们必须做出可能意味着生或死的决定之前 1make a decision 下决心，做决定；make a decision to do sth. 下决心做某事 2die & dead & death die动词， “死；去世；逝世”He died last year. 他去年去世了 dead形容词， “死的；去世的”I cried because my dog was dead.我哭了，因为我的狗死了 death名词， “死；死亡”She was sad for her grandfathers death.她因为爷爷去世难过 (15) Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. 阿伦在事故后并没有放弃，现在继续登山。 1give up 放弃 give up doing sth. 例：You mustnt give up studying English.你一定不能放弃学习英语。 6 2keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 例：Keep on trying, and youll make greater progress. 继续努力，你就能取得更大的进步。 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 例：I keep them waiting at the gate. 我让他们一直在门口等候。 4. 语法聚焦语法聚焦 (1)反身代词（见书本反身代词（见书本 P108） 1反身代词使动作的发出者把动作反射回到自己的身上，因此反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互 指关系，在人称、数上保持一致。反身代词可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等。 2反身代词用在某些固定短语当中。例： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用.（随便吃/喝些） buy oneself sth. 给自己买东西 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 摔伤自己 introduce oneself 介绍自己 say to oneself 自言自语 3注意以下两点： 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 例：我自己能完成作业。 （）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. （）Myself can finish my homework. 7 反身代词表示“某人自己” ，不能表示“某人的东西” ，因为它没有所有格的形式。 表达“某人自己的（东西） ”时，须要用 ones own. 例：我用我自己的笔画画。 （）Im drawing with my own pens. （）Im drawing with myself pens. (2)情态动词情态动词 should 1should “应该，应当” （情态动词，无人称和数的变化） ，后跟动词原形 例：He should lie down and rest.他应该躺下休息。 2should 用于不同句式 肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其它You should listen to your parents. 否定句主语+should not/shouldnt+动词原形+其它You shouldnt go out yesterday. 一般疑问句Should+主语+动词原形+其它？Should I take my temperature first? 特殊疑问句（以为 what 例）What should+主语+动词原形？What should I do1 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 1. 短语归纳短语归纳 1do the dishes 洗餐具 2take out the trash 倒垃圾 3go out 外出 4stay out 呆在外面；不在家 5help out 帮助做完某事 6at least 至少 7throw down 扔下 8all the time 一直；反复 9in surprise 惊讶地 10as soon as 一.就. 11spend.on.在.花费（时间、金钱、精力） 12in order to 为了 13provide sth. for sb 向某人提供某物 14depend on 依赖；信赖 15look after 照顾；照看 16keep it clean and tidy 保持干净整洁 17get into 进入 18take care of 照顾 19as a result 结果 2. 典句必背典句必背 1Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得, 请你去倒一下垃圾好吗? 2Could you please sweep the floor? 请你扫一下地好吗? 3Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累! 4For one week, she did not do any house work and neither did I. 整整一周她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。 5They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩，进入一所好大学，他们应该把他们的时间花在学业上。 6It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家中为他们的孩子提供一一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。 7Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子过于依赖他们的家长。 8Since they live in one house with their parents,they should know that everyone should do their part 2 in keeping it clean and tidy. 既然他们与父母同住在一个屋檐之下，他们应该知道每个人都应当尽自己的职责来保持家里干净整洁。 3. 用法集萃用法集萃 (1)Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得彼得, 请你去倒一下垃圾好吗请你去倒一下垃圾好吗? 1“Could you please do sth.?”用于委婉地提出请求。 例：Could you please open the window? 请你开一下窗户好吗? Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。 “Could you please do sth.?”的答语有如下两种情况： 接受请求时 可以用 Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./ Certainly./ No problem./ With pleasure.等来回答 拒绝请求时 可以用 Sorry./Sorry, I cant. 等来回答， 还可以用 I have to do sth.来解释原因。 Could you please fold your clothes? 请叠一下你的衣服可以吗? No problem. 没问题 Sorry, I cant. 不好意思，我不行 注意：“Could you please do sth.?”的否定形式是“Could you please not do sth.?” 2take out the rubbish 意为“倒垃圾”，其中 take out 表示“取出；拿出” 宾语是名词该名词可以位于 take 和 out 之间， 也可以位于 take out 之后 Please take out the old newspapers. =Please take the old newspapers out. 请把旧报纸拿出去。 宾语是代词该代词只能位于 take 和 out 之间My wallet is in the bag. I have to take it out first. 我的钱包在包里，我得先把它拿出来。 (2)Could you please sweep the floor? 请你扫一下地好吗请你扫一下地好吗? sweep the floor 意为“扫地”。其中 sweep 是动词，意为“扫；打扫”，其过去式和过去分词都是 swept。 3 例：My mother is sweeping the floor at the moment. 我妈妈这会儿正在扫地。 拓展和“家务劳动“有关的短语有： fold ones clothes 叠衣服clean the room 打扫房间take out the rubbish/trash 倒垃圾 rubbish (英式); trash (美式)make ones/the bed 铺床do/wash the dishes 洗餐具 (3)Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累我和你一样累! as.as.表示“和.一样.”，as.as.之间要用形容词或副词的原级。 例：She is as tall as her elder brother. 她和她哥哥一样高 as.as.的否定结构是 not as/so.as.，表示“不如.，比不上.” 例：She is not as/so tall as her elder brother. 她没有她哥哥个子高。 (4)For one week, she did not do any house work and neither did I. 整整一周她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。整整一周她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。 本句中的 neither did I 是 neither 引导的倒装句。结构是“neither+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”， 表示“.也不。” 例：I dont like pop music 我不喜欢流行音乐。 Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。 so、neither 引导的倒装句 结构用法例句 so+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时 She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 neither+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时 She hasnt read it and neither have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。 辨析：both, neither, all, none 与 either both “两者都”both.and.“.和.（两者都）” Both my father and I are at home. 4 我和我的爸爸都在家 neither “两者都不”，both 的反义词。 Neither.nor.“.和.（两者）都不” Neither my father nor I am interested in your story. 我和我的爸爸对你的故事都不感兴趣 all“三者或三者以上的人或物都” All of my classmates are from Nanjing. 我的同学都来自南京 none “三者或三者以上的人或物都不”， 是 all 的反义词 None of the students like that film. 没有学生喜欢那部电影。 either “两者中任何一个”。 either.or.“或者.或者.；要么.要么. .” Either you or Lily has to stay at home. 要么你，要么 Lily，必须待在家 (5)“What happened?”