人教版八年级下册英语Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum？短语、语法知识点汇总.docx

1、八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 单元总结 1 一、一、 必背短语必背短语 1.一年到头；终年 all year round 2.离远 be far from 3.在黑暗中 in the dark 4.在过去 in the past 5.去过某地 have been to sp. 6. 游乐园 amusement park 7.搭帐篷 put up a tent 8.在大山里露营 camp in the mountains 9.了解有关的情况 learn about sth. 10.以如此迅猛的方式 in such a rapid w

2、ay 11.社会团体 social groups 12.数以千计的 thousands of 13.四分之三 three quarters 14.一个讲英语的国家 an English-speaking country 15.在白天 during the daytime 16.好几次 a couple of times 17. 现在；目前 right now 18. 在公园里到处走 walk around the park 19.兜风 take a ride 20.听说 hear of 21 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 22.遗留、留下 leave beh

3、ind 23.在某方面取得进步 make progress in. 24.一方面 on the one hand 25.另一方面 on the other hand 【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】 Section A 1. Me neither (P. 65) me neither 意为“我也不”，表示前者的否定情况也适用于我，反义词为 me too。 -Susan cant play the piano at all. -Me neither. 2. Lets go to one tomorrow. (P. 65) one 是不定代词，用来代替前面出现过的可数名词单数，如果指代名词复数，用

4、 ones。 Here are my books. Which one do you want to read? -I dont like these dresses. -How about those ones over there. 3. Lets go somewhere different today. (P. 65) somewhere 用作副词， 表示“在某处、 到某处”， 常用于肯定句中， 在否定句和疑问句中用 anywhere。 八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 单元总结 2 Its cold here. Lets g

5、o somewhere else. Did you go anywhere last Sunday? 4. They are going to take the subway. (P. 66) take the subway 意为“乘地铁”，take 用作动词，可以表示“乘、坐（车、船等）”。 We take the subway to work every day. 5. Its a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon. (P. 66) (1) way 表示“方法”时，后常接动词不定式或者 of doing 作定语。 Can you think o

6、ut a way to open the door/of opening the door? (2) spend 的用法 sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱” The man spent the whole day on his speech. The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip. sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事” The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games. 【拓展】辨析 spe

7、nd, pay, take 和 cost spend 主语是人 spend.on sth./spend.(in) doing sth. pay 主语是人 pay for sth./pay +金钱. for sth. take 主语是 it It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb.+金钱 6. We put up a tent and cooked outside. (P. 66) put up 意为“搭建”，还可以表示“举起、张贴”。 They put up many buildings last year. 【拓展】【拓展】动词

8、put 的相关短语 put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put off 推迟 put down 放下 7. Ive never been camping. (P. 66) 本句时态为现在完成进行时，结构为“have/has been doing”，表示某个动作从过去某个时间开始， 一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。 翻译：我们已经等他有 2 个小时了。_ 八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 单元总结 3 8. Its unbelievable that technology has great progress in such

9、 a rapid way. (P. 67) progress 用作名词， 表示“进步、 进展”， 常见的搭配为“make progress in.”“在方面取得进步”。 The student is showing rapid progress in his study. I have made much progress in English. 9. It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. (P. 67) encourage 表

10、示“鼓励”时，常用的结构为：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。 The family members encouraged her to fight against the disease bravely. 10. Ive finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and collecting tea sets. (P. 67) collect 用作动词，表示“收集、采集”。I like collecting stamps. 11. Me. too. (P. 68) Me, too 意为“我也是”，表

11、示前面所描述的肯定情况也适用于后者“我”。 -I like spring best. -Me, too. Section B 1. For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday. (P. 70) thousands of 意为“成千上万的、数以万计的”，表示一个不具体的数字，前面不能用具体的数字修 饰，后接可数名词复数形式。They plant thousands of trees every ye

12、ar. 2. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese.On the other hand, Singapore is an English-speaking country.(P. 70) on the one hand.on the other hand.意为“一方面，另一方面”，用于引出不同的或者对立 的观点和看法。 On the one hand, Peter wants to make more money. On the other hand, he wants to have m

13、ore time to enjoy life. 3. Maybe you fear that you wont be able to find anything good to eat when you 八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 单元总结 4 travel. (P. 70) fear 用作动词，意为“害怕、惧怕”。 She feared to tell him the truth. 4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, youll fin

14、d it all in Singapore! (P. 70) whether 用作连词，表示“不管（还是） ；或者（或者）”，常与 or 连用，引导让步状语从句。 Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. 5. However, if you go to see lions, tigers or foxes during the daytime, theyll probably be asleep. (P. 70) however 用作副词，表示“然而、不过”，表示转折，后常接逗号。 It rained suddenly. However

15、, it became clear soon. 6. One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year around. (P. 70) all year around 表示“全年”，也可以说 all the year around。 Some trees are green all year around. 7. This is because the island is so close to the equator. (P. 70) be close to 表示“靠近、接近

16、、离近”，close 此处用作形容词，表示“接近的”。 The window is close to the door. My house is close to a supermarket. 8. So you can choose to go whenever you like-spring, summer, autumn or winter. (P. 70) whenever 用作连词，表示“在任何时候、无论何时”，在句中引导时间状语从句。 You can come back whenever you want to. 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】 一一 have/has been to 与

17、与 have/has gone to 八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 单元总结 5 (1) “have/ has been to +地点名词”表示“去过某地”， 表示某人的一种经历， 说话时已不在那个地方， 常和 once, twice, never, ever 等连用。当地点为副词时，则要省掉 no。 -翻译：你去哪儿了？_ -翻译：我去邮局了。 （人已不在邮局）_ -翻译：你曾去过上海吗？_ -翻译：没有，我从来没有去过那儿。_ (2) “have/has gone to+地点名词”表示“去了某地”，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某

18、地的路上、已 在某地或在回来的路上，所以此句型常用于第三人称，不能与时间状语 once, twice, never, ever 等连用，也不能和 for 以及 since 构成的短语连用。 -Where is Simon? 西蒙在哪儿？ -翻译：他和家人一起去澳大利亚了。 （人已不在这儿，在去澳大利亚的路上、已在澳大利亚或 从澳大利亚返回的途中）_ 助记助记 have/has been to, have/has gone to 意不同，两者用法当分清。 have/has been to+地点，“曾经去过某地”行； have/has gone to+地点，“已去某地”人无踪。 【拓展】 “hav

19、e/has been in +地点名词”表示“在某地待过 （多久） ”， 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经 3 天了。 We have been in China since 5 years ago. 我们自从 5 年前就来中国了。 How long have you been in New York? 你在纽约多久了？ 二二 非延续性动词与延续性动词非延续性动词与延续性动词 (1) 非延续性动词也称为短暂性动词或瞬息动词，这类动词所表示的动作往往在“瞬间”就完成了， 动作不能“

20、持续”，可以用于完成时态，但在完成时态的句子中不能与表示一段时间的状语连 用，如：since two days ago, for two years 等。如果要表示该动作的延续，就需要将其转换为延 续性动词或表示状态的词。 The film started two hours ago. 电影是两个小时前开始的。 （正确） The film has been on for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。 （正确） The film has started. 电影已经开始了。 （正确） The film has started for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。

21、 （错误） 常见的非延续性动词有： die, buy, borrow, lend, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, begin, 八年级英语下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 单元总结 6 start, see, marry, join, hear 等。 (2) 延续性动词，是指动作可以延续的动词，可以跟表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用。 常用的延续性动词有：keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, sit, teach,

22、live, stay 等。 I have kept the book for two days. 这本书我已经借了两天了。 He will stay here for a week. 他要在这里待一周。 (3) 非延续性动词所表示的动作不能持续，若要跟 for 或 since 等表示一段时间的状语，则该非延 续性动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。 Jim left his hometown last year. 吉姆去年离开了家乡。 =Jim has been away from his hometown for a year. 吉姆离开家乡一年了。 常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词

23、或表示状态的词：常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词： 非延续性动词 延续性动词/表示状态的词 die be dead borrow keep buy/catch have get up be up come/arrive/go be in/at finish/stop be over leave be away (from) open be open close be closed begin/start be on marry be married join be in/ be a member of (4) 非延续性动词的现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，因为非延续性动 词的这种否定形式构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的。 例如：He hasnt bought any sweets for a year. 他已经有一年没有买糖果了。 I havent seen Mr. Zhang for ages. 我好几年没有看到张先生了。