人教版八年级下册英语Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？短语、语法知识点汇总.docx

1、八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结 1 一、必背短语 Section A 部分 1.倒垃圾 take out the rubbish 2.打扫地板 sweep the floor 3.叠你的衣服 fold your clothes 4.整理你的床铺 make your bed 5.在外面待得晚 stay out late 6.出去吃完饭 go out for dinner 7.随时，在任何时刻 any minute now 8.乱七八糟 in a mess 9.扔下 throw down 10.一直 all the tim

2、e 11.一就 as soon as 12.向借 borrowfrom 13.把借给 lendto 14.惊讶地 in surprise Section B 部分 1.浪费时间 a waste of time 2.在上花时间 spend time on 3.上好大学 get into a good university 4.为了 in order to 5.对某人来说没有必要做 There is no need for sb. to do 6.做家务 do chores 7.为某人提供某物 provide sth for sb 或 provide sb. with sth 9. 依赖、依靠 d

3、epend on 10.结果. as a result 11.学会独立 learn to be independent 12.做不够 It is not enough to do. 【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】 Section A 1. Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? (P. 17) (1) Could you please.?意为“你能吗？” ，could 在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委 婉的语气，please 后接动词原形，肯定回答用 Sure/Of course/Certainly，也可以用.can，不 可以用.could

4、；否定回答用 Sorry.并给出理由，也可用.cant/mustnt。 -Could you please help me with my homework? -Sure./Of course./Certainly./Sorry, I cant. Im busy now. (2) take out 意为“带出去” ，代词作宾语时，要放在 take 和 out 之间。 The dog is noisy. Take it out. 2. Could I at least finish watching this show? (P. 18) (1) at least 表示“至少” ，反义词为 at

5、most“至多” 。 The ticket cost at least 200 yuan. (2) finish 意为“完成、做好” ，后接动词作宾语时，要用 doing 的形式。 When are you going to finish your work? 3. Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. (P. 18) 八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结 2 be back 意为“回来” ，相当于 come back，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重

6、指动作。 She has been back for two days. You came back very late last night. 4. And she wont be happy if she sees this mess. (P. 18) mess 用作名词， 表示 “杂乱、 不整洁” ， 常用的短语为： make a mess “搞得一团糟” ； in a mess “一团糟” 。 The kids make a mess in the bedroom. All the rooms are in a mess. 5. The minute I sat down in fro

7、nt of the TV, my mom came over. (P. 19) (1) the minute意为 “一就” ， 用来引导时间状语从句， 相当于the moment或者as soon as。 I want to see her the minute she arrives. (2) come over 意为“过来” 。 Can you come over tomorrow? 6. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! (P. 19) all the time 意为“反复、总是” ，强调某段时间

8、内一直在进行和发生的事情。 I have a dog and a cat. They fight all the time. 7. Im just as tired as you are! (P. 19) 当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、 身高等)程度相同或不同时， 常用 asas 或 not as/soas 结构，表示“和一样”或“和不一样”。如： Mary is as careful as Linda玛丽和琳达一样仔细。 He does not run as fast as Tom他跑步没有汤姆快。 8. For one week, she did not do any housework

9、 and neither did I. (P. 19) neither did I 是“Neither/nor+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的 否定情况同样适用于后者，neither 在此用作副词，表示“也不” 。 -I dont like this dress. -Neither do I. 9. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. (P. 19) as soon as 引导时间状语从句，表示“一就” ，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主 句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 I will

10、 go as soon as she arrives. 八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结 3 10. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? (P. 20) hang out 意为“闲逛、闲荡” 。 He is hanging out with his friends. 11. Could you please pass me the salt? (P. 20) pass sb. sth.相当于 pass sth. to sb.“把某物递给某人” 。 Pass

11、me the book, please.=Pass the book to me please. 12. Could I borrow that book? (P. 20) borrow此处是及物动词， 表示“借进来”， 反义词是lend， borrow.from.“从借入”。 I often borrow books from the library. You can borrow some money from your elder brother. 13. Could you lend me some money? (P. 20) lend 表示“借出去” ，与 borrow“借进来”相

12、对，常用的结构为：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人” 。 He often lends others his car. =He often lend his car to others. 14. Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. (P. 20) when 和 while 引导时间状语从句均表示“当时候” ，when 既可以指“时间点”,与瞬 间动词连用， 也可以指 “时间段” ， 与延续性动词连用 （=while） 。 while 表示时间段， 因此， while 从

13、句的谓语动词要用延续性动词，as 强调两个动作同时发生，表示“一边一 边” 。 When he came in, his mother was cooking. When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. Please dont talk so loud while others are working. Toms brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard. Kate listens music as she wal

14、ks in the park. 【教材内容解析】【教材内容解析】 Section B 1. Housework is a waste of their time. (P. 22) 八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结 4 a waste of 意为“浪费” ，其中 waste 是名词，意为“浪费” 。 翻译：Playing computer games is a waste of time. _ 2. The should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good

15、 grades and get into a good university. (P. 22) (1) spend 的用法 sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱” 翻译：The man spent the whole day on his speech. _ 翻译：The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip. _ sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事” 翻译：The boy has spent two hours playing the computer gam

16、es. _ 【拓展】辨析 spend, pay, take 和 cost spend 主语是人 spend.on sth./spend.(in) doing sth. pay 主语是人 pay for sth./pay sb. for sth. take 主语是 it It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb.+金钱 (2) in order to 意为“为了”后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。 in order to 可位于句中或者句首 否定：in order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。 翻译：Tom got

17、up early in order to catch the first bus. _ 翻译：In order not to make his mother angry, he decided to give up playing computer games. _ 3. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now. (P. 22) 八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结

18、5 there is no need for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说没有必要做某事” 。 翻译：There is no need for you to get up so early. _ 4. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. (P. 22) (1) It is+名词+to do sth.表示“做某事是” ，其中的 it 为形式主语，后边的动词不定式才 是真正的主语。 翻译：Its my job to look

19、after you. _ (2) provide 表示“提供”时，常用的结构为：provide sb. with sth.或者或者provide sth. for sth. “为某人提供某物” ； 【拓展】 offer 也表示 “提供” ， 但结构有所不同， 常用于 “offer sb. sth.或者或者offer sth. to sb.” 结构中，意为“为某人提供某物” 。 翻译：The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area. (受洪灾地区) =The government provided th

20、e flooded area with a lot of food and clothes. _ 5. Any anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. (P. 22) (1) anyway 用作副词，表示“而且、加之” ，也可以表示“即使这样、无论如何” 。 翻译：Its expensive and anyway the size is too small. 翻译：Anyway, we should have a try. _ (2) doing chores 是动名词，在句中用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 翻译：Doing morn

21、ing exercise is good for us. 6. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. (P. 22) (1) 本句结构为“Its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事对某人来说”，此结构中 的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如 easy, important, dangerous, necessary 等。 例如： 翻译：It is important for you to study h

22、ard. _ 翻译：It is not easy to learn a foreign language. _ 八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结 6 【拓展】 Its+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事是的”， 此结构中的形容词多是 kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish, polite 等描述行为者性格、品质的词。 翻译：It is very kind of you to lend me so much money. _ (2) how to do

23、chores 是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作 learn 的宾语，动词不定式常 与 what, who, how, where, when 等特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 翻译：When to start is not decided yet. _ 翻译：The question is what to do next. _ 7. Children these days depend on their parents too much. (P. 22) depend on/upon 意为“取决于；由决定；依靠” 翻译：You can accept or refuse the

24、 gift. It depends on your personal choice. _ 翻译：We shouldnt always depend on our parents. _ 8. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. (P. 22) independence 用作不可数名词， 表示 “独立、 自主” ， 形容词为 independent， 意为 “独立的” 。 例句：The Declaration of Independen

25、ce was made in America in 1776. 独立宣言于 1776 年在美国宣布。 9. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. (P. 22) (1) since 此处表示“因为、既然” ，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。 翻译：Since you dont know the boy, I will ask someone else. _ (2) do on

26、es part in (doing) sth.意为“尽自己的职责去做某事” 。 翻译：The president asked every citizen to do his part in saving water. _ 10. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. (P. 22) 八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 单元总结 7 as a result 意为“因此、结果” ，在句中作状语；as a result of 表示“由于” ，后接名词或者 代词，相当于

27、 because of。 翻译：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. _ 翻译：He was late as a result of the heavy rain. _ 11. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. (P. 22) 本句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越越” 。 翻译：The harder you study, the better grades you c

28、an get. _ 翻译：The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer. _ 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】 情态动词情态动词 could 的用法的用法 情态动词 could 可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下： 1. 表示请求或者允许 could 表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看 法时，回答时用 can。 Could I use your cell phone for a while? Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? -Could you come to my birthday party? -Sorry, I cant. I have to stay at home to look after my mother. 2. 表示建议 情态动词 could 表示建议做某事，意为“可以” ，语气比 can 更加委婉。 You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.