人教版go for it 八年级下册英语期中复习（Unit1-5）（包含重点短语难点结构语法讲解）.docx

1、人教版英语八年级下册知识点总结人教版英语八年级下册知识点总结 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 【重点短语】【重点短语】 1. have a fever / cough / cold / flu 发烧 / 咳嗽 / 着凉 / 感冒 2. have a toothache / stomachache / headache 牙疼 / 胃疼 / 头痛 3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 / 喉咙痛 have sore eyes/legs 眼睛酸涩 /大腿痛 4. drink enough water / hot tea with honey 喝足够的水 /

2、 蜂蜜热茶 5. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 have a good rest 好好休息 take breaks = take a break 休息一会 6. see a dentist 看牙医 go to / see a doctor 看医生 go to the hospital 去医院 7. get an X-ray 拍 X 光片 8. take ones temperature 量体温 9. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药 10. sound like 听起来像 11. in the same way 以同样的方式 12. go alo

3、ng 沿着走 on the side of the road 在马路边 13. shout for help 大声呼救 14. without thinking twice 不假思索 15. get off / on 下车/上车 get into trouble 陷入麻烦（或烦恼） 16. have a heart problem 有心脏病 17. to one s surprise 使惊讶的；出乎意料 18. thanks to= because of 幸亏；由于 19. in time 及时 on time 准时 at times 有时 20. save a life 挽救生命 lose

4、ones life 丧命 21. right away = at once 立刻；马上 22. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎 run sth. under water = wash sth. with water 用水冲洗 23. fall down 摔倒；倒塌 fall off = fall down from 从.摔下来 fall over (向前)摔倒，绊倒 24. feel sick 感到恶心 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have problems breathing 呼吸困难 25. take risks (take a risk) 冒险 ri

5、sk doing sth. 冒险做某事 26. in a difficult situation 在困境中 get out of 离开；从出来 27. run out (of) 用完；耗尽 28. make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 决定做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事 29. be in control of 掌管；管理 30. keep on/go on/continue doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 【难点剖析难点剖析】 1. lie down and rest. (P. 2) (1) lie down 意为

6、“躺下”，lie 用作动词可以表示“位于”，还可以表示“撒谎”。 She is lying in bed with a bad cold. Beijing lies in the north of China. It is a bad habit to lie. 【拓展】【拓展】lie（躺、位于）lay（过去式）lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） lie（撒谎）lied（过去式）lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词） 2. Maybe you have a fever.(P. 2) maybe 作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首句首，相当于 perhaps，可以与 may

7、 be 相互转换。 Maybe he is a foreigner. = He may be a foreigner. 3. .when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做正在做某事。I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做做了或经常做某事。I often see her dance in the park. 类似的动词还有类似的动词还有 watch

8、/ hear/ find/ notice 4. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3) (1) expect 的常见用法： expect to do sth. 期待做某事 The fans are expecting to see the football star. expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully. (2) wait 的常见用

9、法： wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事” We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth.“等待做某事” All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus. cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事” The children cant wait to rush out after the class is over. 5. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3)

10、agree with sb. 同意某人 I cant agree with you more. agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见 They finally agreed on the design of the bridge. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 Her parents dont agree to marry their daughter to the man 5. Someone felt sick. (P. 5) sick 用作形容词， 意为“生病的、 有病的”， 可以作定语或者表语定语或者表语， 而 ill 表示“生病的”， 只能用作表语表语。

11、I have to look after my sick grandpa. The old woman is seriously sick/ill. fall ill = get sick ill-worse-worst 6. have problems breathing (P. 6) have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有问题”，相当于 have trouble/difficulties (in) doing sth.。 She has problems (in) riding a bike. 7. As a mountain climber, Aron

12、is used to taking risks. (P. 6) (1) as 用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。 As a student, you should study hard. 辨析： be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. (2) used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 The boy used to play computer games. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 More and more wood is us

13、ed to make paper. 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】 （一）询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达： Whats the matter (with sb)? Whats the trouble (with sb)? Whats wrong (with sb)? What happened (to sb)? Are you OK? Is there anything wrong with sb.？ （二）（二）should 和和 shouldnt 表示建议表示建议 1Should 为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为否定式为 shouldnt，其后接动词原形动

14、词原形，无人称和数的变无人称和数的变 化化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back 他应该把头后仰。 We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldnt watch TV.你不应该看电视。 2Should 用于主语为第一人称第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应

15、当给它敷上药吗？ Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？ （三）（三）反身代词反身代词 1反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。 We must look after ourselves and keep fit我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。 She often buys herself nice clothes她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。 2反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身亲自、本人、本身”等意 思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语但反身

16、代词在句中不能单独作主语。如： I dont need any helpI can do it myself我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语) 这句话不可表示成 I dont need any help，myself can do it If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself 如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语) 反身代词构成的固定表达： by oneself 意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于 alone/ on ones own； enjoy oneself 意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相

17、当于 have fun 或 have a good time； teach oneself = learn. by oneself 自学 look after/ care for / take care of oneself 照顾自己 help oneself to意为“随便吃或喝点，随便用； keepto oneself 意为“不将某事说出去”； say to oneself 意为“自言自语”。 Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks 【重点短语】【重点短语】 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 clean up the city parks

18、 打扫城市公园 2. an old peoples home 养老院 childrens hospital 儿童医院 food bank 救济站 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 4. cheer up = make sb. happier (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 5. give out food/money 分发 hand out paper/notices 6. come up with = think of a plan/ an idea/ an a

19、nswer 想出；提出计划/主意/答案 7. put up a tent / hands /signs 搭建帐篷；举手；张贴标志 put off doing 推迟；延迟做某事 8. call sb. up 打电话；召集 set up 建立；设立 9. used to do/be 曾经；过去 10. care for = take care of = look after 关心；照顾 11. future dream job 未来梦想工作 come true (梦想/愿望) 成真 12. know/learn a little/ a lot/ much/more about 了解一点/很多/很多

20、/更多 13. the look of joy 快乐的表情 get a strong feeling of satisfaction 得到满足感 14. at the age of 在岁时 15. try out for 参加 after-school reading program 课外阅读项目选拔 17. raise money for 筹钱；募捐 16. at the same time = meanwhile 18. take after = look like 与相像 19. give away 赠送；捐赠 give up 放弃 give out 分发 20. fix up= men

21、d = repair 修理；修补；解决 21. help disabled people 残疾人 22. make a (big) difference to 影响；有作用 【难点剖析难点剖析】 1. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10) lonely 作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；alone 既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只 能作表语，不能作定语。 He feels lonely at home himself. It is a lonely mountain. His grandfather was alone. He

22、 lives alone. 2. Im similar to her. (P. 13) be similar to 意为“与相似”，be similar in“在方面类似”。 Her ideas are similar to mine. The twins are similar in appearances. be the same as 与.一样 be different from 与.不一样 3. I didnt keep it. (P. 13) keep sth. 保留某物保留某物 You can keep the book until the next weekend. keep+a

23、dj. 保持保持 The girl eats a little to keep slim. keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语介词短语 保持某人保持某人/某物某物 We should keep the window open while we are asleep. My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge. keep doing sth. 一直做某事一直做某事 The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison. keep sb. doing st

24、h. 保持某人做某事保持某人做某事 The mother kept the baby crying on the bed. 4. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14) 有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语 补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有 find，think，feel，make 等。 I find it interesting to play computer games We all think it very difficult to finish

25、the work in an hour. The rain made no difference to the game. 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】- 动词不定式动词不定式 A. 作主语作主语为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用 it 作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。 常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. B. 作宾语作宾语动词 want, would like, decide, hope, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, forget, r

26、emember 常接 动词不定式作宾语。 C. 作（后置）定语作（后置）定语常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“enough名to do” “Its time to do sth.”等结 构中。 D. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语tell, ask, want, invite, teach, order, allow 等可接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足 语，构成 tell/ask/want /allow/invite sb.(not) to do sth.结构。 【注意】 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去 to： “一感一感(feel)， 二听， 二听(liste

27、n to, hear)， 三让三让(let, make, have,，四看，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助，半帮助(help)”。 E. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语 主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在 不定式前加 in order (to) 或或 so as (to) “为了，目的是为了，目的是”。常用结构有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 【重点短语】【重点短语】

28、 1. do/wash the dishes 洗餐具 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floor 扫地 make ones/the bed 整理床铺 clean the living room 打扫客厅 2. go out for dinner 出去吃饭 stay out late 在外面待到很晚 stay up late 熬夜 go to the movies/cinema = see a film 去看电影 get a ride 搭便车 3.work on 致力于某事 work as = be 充当；

29、担任 work out = solve 解决 4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 5. come home from school/ work 放学/下班回家 6. throw down 扔下 throw away 扔掉 7. come over 过来 take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 go for a walk = take a walk 去散步 8. all the time 频繁；反复 all day / evening 整日 /夜 9. shout back 大

30、声回应;顶嘴 shout for help 呼救 shout to sb. 对.喊叫 shout at sb. 对.吼叫 10. in surprise= surprisedly 惊讶地 to ones surprise 让某人吃惊的是 be surprised at 对.感到惊讶 11. get something to drink/eat 拿点吃的/喝的东西 12. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物传给某人 pass by 路过 pass the exam 通过考试 13. lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人

31、borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 14. do chores 做杂务 do housework 做家务 share the housework 分担家务 15. buy some drinks and snacks 买些小吃 invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会 16. make/let sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 try (not) to do sth. 尽力(不)做某事 17. a waste of time 浪费时间 spend in doing sth. 花费做某事 18. in order to= so as to 为了 in

32、order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。 get good grades 取得好成绩 get into a good high school and university 上好高中/大学 19. depend on = be dependent on 依赖；依靠 20. develop childrens independence 发展孩子的独立性 develop a habit/ hobby 培养习惯/爱好 21. do one s part in (doing) sth. 做某人分内的事 22. the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越., 就越. 23. me

33、ss 杂乱、不整洁 make a mess 搞得一团糟 be in a mess 一团糟 24. as soon as 一就 =the moment/minute/second 遵从“主将从现”原则 25. as tired as 一样累asas 和一样 not as/soas 和不一样 26.“Neither/nor+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语” 表示“也不” 【难点剖析难点剖析】 1. The should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good universit

34、y. (P. 22) spend 的用法 sb. spend+时间时间/金钱金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱” The man spent the whole day on his speech. The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip. sb. spend+时间时间+(in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事” The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games. 【拓展】辨析 spend, pay, take 和 cost spend 主语是人主语是

35、人 spend.on sth./spend.(in) doing sth. pay 主语是人主语是人 pay for sth./pay sb. for sth. take 主语是主语是 it It takes sb.+时间时间+to do sth. cost 主语是物主语是物 sth. costs sb.+ 金钱金钱 2. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. (P. 22) provide 表示“提供”时，常用的结构为：provide s

36、b. with sth.或者 provide sth. for sth.“为某人提供(1) 某物” ；offer 也表示“提供” ，但结构有所不同，常用于“offer sb. sth.或者 offer sth. to sb.”结构中。 The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area. =The government provided the flooded area with a lot of food and clothes. 10. As a result, he often fell ill a

37、nd his grades dropped. (P. 22) as a result 意为“因此、结果” ，在句中作状语；as a result of 表示“由于” ，后接名词或者代词，相当 于 because of。 He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. He was late as a result of the heavy rain. 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】-情态动词情态动词 could 的用法的用法 1. 表示委婉请求表示委婉请求 (1) Could you please.?意为“你能吗？”

38、，could 表示一种委婉的语气，please 后接动词原形， 肯定回答用 Yes, I/we can/ will. 或者 Sure/Of course/Certainly/OK/All right； 否定回答用 Sorry, I/we cant.并给出理由: I am/We are doing.或者 I / we must/have to。 (2) Could you please not do .?意为“你能不吗？” ，一般回答用 Sorry, I/ we wont do that again. 2. 表示征求许可表示征求许可 Could I/we .? 否定回答用 No/Sorry, y

39、ou cant. 肯定回答用 Yes, you can. (Go ahead.请继续 Do as you like. 请自便 ) Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents? 【重点短语】【重点短语】 1. have (no) free time (没)有空闲时间 be busy with/doing sth. 忙于(做)某事 2. too much homework 太多作业 study too much 学得过多 take too many after-school classes/lessons 上太多课外辅导班 3. get enough slee

40、p 有足够的睡眠 stay up late 熬夜 stay out late 夜不归宿 4. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做. allow doing sth. 允许做某事 3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 hang over 笼罩 5. get into/have a fight with sb.= fight with sb. 与某人打架 fight-fought 6. talk to sb. 向某人倾述 talk with sb. 和某人交谈 communicate with sb. 与某

41、人交流 7. write sb. a letter= write a letter to sb. 给某人写信 get a letter from sb.= hear from sb. 收到某人来信 8. look through 浏览；翻看 9. give sth. back to sb. = return sth. to sb.= return sb. sth. 归还某人某物 10. work out 成功地发展；解决 11. get on/along with 和睦相处 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 12. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 offer to

42、 do sth. 主动提出做某事 mind sb. doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事 13. cut out 删除 cut down 砍倒 cut up 切碎 cut off 切除 14. worry about sth.= be worried about 担心某事 15. copy ones homework 抄袭某人的作业 16. be oneself 做自己 17. family members 家庭成员 spend time alone 独自消磨时光 18. give sb. pressure 给某人施压 cause stress 造成压力 too much stress/

43、pressure 太多压力 19. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 compete for sth. 为某事而竞争 competition 竞赛 competitor 竞争者 20. free time activities 业余活动 learn exam skills 学习应试技巧 21. Its time for/ to do sth. 是时候做某事了 22. keep on/go on/ continue doing sth. 继续做某事 【难难点点剖析剖析】 1. Well, I found my sister looking through my things yest

44、erday. (P. 26) (1) find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事” ，表示动作正在进行。 Tom found a man stealing something when he was in the supermarket yesterday. (2) look through 意为“快速查看、浏览” 。It is a good habit to look through newspapers every day. 【拓展】【拓展】look forward to 盼望、期待 look at 看 look for 寻找 look up 查阅 look after

45、 照看 2. Hope things work out. (P. 26) work out 此处表示“成功地发展” ，后常跟 fine, well, badly 等词，表示产生的结果如何； Everything is working out well. 此外 work out 还可以表示“解决、制定出” 。 The math problem is difficult for me to work out. I have worked out a new way of doing it. 3. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at

46、night. (P. 27) (1) instead 是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语；instead of 是介词短语，用于句中，后接名词、代词或 动名词。He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow. They didnt go swimming. They went to play football instead. (2) whatever 表示“无论什么、不管什么” ，引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter what。 Whatever difficulties he may meet, he will overcome them. 4.Yo

47、ur best friend does not trust you anymore. (P. 28) not.anymore = not.any more相当于 no more，强调程度或者数量上不再； 意为“不再” ， not.any longer = no longer，表示“不再” ，强调时间上不再。 I cant eat any more, because I am full.= I can no more eat, because I am full. The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer.=The villa

48、ge is no longer what it was ten year ago. 5.Dr. Alice says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. (P. 30) cause 这里是及物动词，表示“引起、造成” ，cause sb. sth.相当于 cause sth. for sb.。 The little boy caused his parents a lot of trouble.=The little boy caused a lot of trouble for his parents. 【

49、拓展】【拓展】cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”What caused him to change his mind? 【语法讲解】【语法讲解】 表示建议,主要结构有： Why dont you/Why not do sth ? 为什么不呢？Why not join us? 为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？ You should 应该/ could 可以 . had better (not) do sth 最好（不）要做某事。Youd better not go there alone你最好不要独自去那儿 How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样

50、？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？ Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？ It is helpful/ necessary for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是必要的。 如果建议的对象包括自己，还可以用 Shall we. ? 或者 Lets .。 连词连词 until, so that, although 引导的状语从句引导的状语从句 1）until：引导时间状语从句“直到时” ，not.until， “直到才” Dont get off until the bus stops. 2）so that =