2019中考英语真题分类汇编：专题七、短文填空-5. 语法及综合填空.doc

1、第 1 页 共 27 页 B) (2019 湖南衡阳湖南衡阳)综合填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中 所给单词的正确形式。（共 10 小题，计 10 分） Friends are important to everyone, _51_, some people may have trouble _52_ (keep) their friendships. Herere some tips on how to make your friendship _53_ (deep) and stronger. Be yourself. A lot of teens try not

2、to lose the friendship once they become friends with some people. Though your identity(身份) is always changing, some of your personality will stay pretty much _54_ same. Find out _55_ those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself _56_ ( honest) to the people around you

3、. Avoid gossip(八卦). Friends shouldnt spread rumors(谣言) about other friends. If youve heard something bad about your friends, _57_ (find) a proper way of asking them about it by _58_ (you). If youre not sure how to talk to them about it, ask a trusted friend for advice. Protect your friends. Very oft

4、en, somebody that youre not close to doubts one of your _59_ ( friend). Its important to find out both sides of the story, but its also a good chance to show your friend that you trust him by telling him. Return the care. There are times when a friend will lend you a textbook, or a shoulder to cry o

5、n. A good friend will cheer you up when youre in trouble and listen patiently when your friend shares a problem _60_ you. Be sure you are as helpful as your friend, because he will take notice and feel good. 体裁 说明文 话题 交友 词数 267 【主旨大意】对于我们每个人来说，朋友很重要。但有些人在与别人保持友谊关系时会遇到 麻烦。本文作者主要讲述了保持友谊更深刻和更牢固的方法。 【答案

6、】 51. however 52. keeping 53. deeper 54. the 55. where 56. honesty 57. find 58. yourself/yourselves 59. friends 60. with 【解析】 51. however 由 important 和 trouble 等可判断，上下句为转折关系；再由所填写词后的逗号 可判断，这里用 however 填写。 52. keeping have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有麻烦”，为固定搭配。 53. deeper 由句中的 and stronger 可知，这里用 deep 的

7、比较级 deeper 填写。 54. the 人的身份可能会变化，但性格不易变化。stay the same“保持不变”。 55. where 找出这些事情来自什么地方。故填写 where。 56. honesty 动词 show 后跟双宾语；故这里用名词填写。形容词 honest 的名称为 honesty. 57. find 这里为祈使句，故用动词原形填写。 58. yourself/yourselves by oneself“亲自”，为固定搭配。you 的反身代词为 yourself 或 第 2 页 共 27 页 yourselves。 59. friends one of 后用可数名词的

8、复数形式。故填写 friends。 60. with share sth. with sb.“和某人分享某物”，为固定搭配。故填写介词 with。 (2019 山东济宁) 五五、语法填空（共、语法填空（共 10 小题，计小题，计 10 分）分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A (2019 山东济宁) As we all know, Wang Xuan was a very famous computer scientist and inventor in the world. He is famous 1 the Chinese Language La

9、ser typesetting (激光照排系 统). Laser typesetting for Chinese language was a serious problem for scientists all over the world. But Wang Xuan was not afraid to try new technology. Although he 2 (fail) many times, he never gave up. He is believed to be the 3 (important) developer in printing Chinese after

10、 Bi Sheng. Now, Wang Xuans amazing invention 4 (use) all over the world. Wang Xuans story teaches us that a person 5 (follow) his own dream and try his best to make it come true. 体裁 记叙文 话题：1. 个人情况 话题：22. 科普知识与现代技术 话题：23.（81）著名人物 词数 117 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。 文章介绍了世界著名计算机科学家和发明家王轩以及他的 著名的汉字激光打印，被认为是继毕昇之后印刷

11、中文的重要开发者。王轩的故事告诉我们， 一个人追随自己的梦想，并尽力去实现它。 答案：1. for 2. had failed 3. most important 4. is (being) used 5. should follow 1. for【解析】他以汉语激光打字而闻名。be famous for 因而著名。 2. had failed【解析】尽管他失败了多次，但他从不放弃。gave up 是一般过去时，在此之前 发生的动作应用过去完成时。 3. most important【解析】他被认为是继毕胜之后印刷中文最重要的开发者。“the + 形容词 最高级 + 名词”最的；后面的介词短语

12、 in printing Chinese after Bi Sheng 表示比 较范围。 4. is (being) used【解析】现在，王轩的惊人发明正在世界各地使用。invention 是动作 use 的 承受对象，应用一般现在时或现在进行时的被动语态。 5. should follow【解析】王轩的故事告诉我们，一个人应该追随自己的梦想，并尽力去实现 它。 第 3 页 共 27 页 (2019 山东枣庄山东枣庄) 第一节第一节 语法填空（共语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 分，满分分，满分 10 分）分） 阅读下面材料，并填空。有的答案要填 入适当的内容，有的答案要用括

13、号内单词的正 确形式，但每个答案不多于 3 个单词。 One of the worlds most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the 41 popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas 42 (run) along the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous. 43 is 8,844.43

14、meters high and so is very 44 (danger) to climb. It is very hard to take in air as you get near the top. The first Chinese team 45 (reach) the top in 1960, while 46 first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. Why do so many climbers risk their lives? One of the main 47 (reason) is tha

15、t people want to challenge themselves 48 of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up 49 (try) to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans 50 (be) stronger than the forces of nature in some situation. 体裁： 说明 文 话题：20. 自然 话题：(69) 山川与河流 词数：154 From: https:/ 【

16、主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最危险的山喜马拉雅山，世界 第一高峰珠穆朗玛峰。通过列举事实及数据，了解登山者的探险精神和成就。这个事实 告诉我们：人类有时比自然的力量更强大。 【答案】4l. most 42. run 43. It 44. dangerous 45. reached 46. the 47. reasons 48. in the face 49. trying 50. can/may be 【解析】 41. most 【解析】one of the +最高级+名词复数，意为“之一”， popular 前加 the most， 形容词最高级形式。 42. run【解

17、析】run along 延伸，The Himalayas 作主语，在一般现在时中用原形 run。 43. It 【解析】指代上文 Qomolangma，用 it 作主语，位于句首，首字母应该大写，故填 It。 44. dangerous 【解析】此处是系表结构，用形容词 dangerous。 45. reached 【解析】 由 in 1960 可知， 用一般过去时， reach 的过去式是 reached， 故填 reached。 46. the 【解析】序数词前，用定冠词 the。 47. reasons 【解析】one of 后接复数名词或代词，意为“之一”，故填 reasons。 48

18、. in the face 【解析】in the face of 为固定用法，意为“面对（困难、问题等）”。 49. trying【解析】give up 放弃，后面用动词-ing 形式，为固定搭配，故填 trying。 50. can/may be【解析】这里表示推测“可能是”，故填 can/may be。 (2019 山东淄博)四、语法填空四、语法填空 （共 10 小题，满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入适当内容 （不多于 3 个单词） 或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2019 山东淄博)Ernest Hemingway, the son of a doctor and a musi

19、c teacher, was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingways father 37 (teach) him early on how to hunt and fish, two activities Hemingway loved throughout his life. Instead of 38 (go) to college, Hemingway became a reporter for the kansas City Star. Later, in Europe, he worked as a driver 39 the I

20、talian army until he was wounded and shipped 第 4 页 共 27 页 home, where he again wrote for newspapers. Two years 40 , he moved to Paris, where he hoped to improve his writing. There he became friends with other 41 (America) writers, including Gertrude Stein and F.Scott Fitzgerald. Hemingway developed

21、42 style of writing that was simple and direct. He chose words sparingly(俭省地), avoided using adjectives, and trusted the reader to understand the 43 (mean) of his writing. As he put it, “I always try 44 (write) on the principle(原则）of the iceberg(冰山). There is seven eighths of it under water for ever

22、y part that shows.” This style continues to influence writers today. In his career(生涯), which lasted some 40 years, Hemingway earned the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. He was one of the finest writers of the 45 (twenty) century. For a while Ernest Hemingway lived in Key West , Florida, where he

23、 had nearly 50 cats. One of them was a cat with six toes(脚趾), which a ships captain had given him. Today his Key West home is a museum, and many cats still live there. Some of them are 46 (child) of Hemingways six-toed cat. Hemingway was married four times and had three sons. He died in 1961. 体裁：记叙文

24、 话题：1 个人情况 话题：23 著名人物 话题：24 作家 词数：296 【主旨大意】 本文为一篇记叙文。 文章按照时间顺序， 讲述了著名作家“海明威”一生的经历。 37.taught【解析】考查动词时态。由上下文提供的语境可知，指的是海明威小时候爸爸教他 狩猎和捕鱼，且上下文均为一般过去时，故填所给词的一般过去时形式。 38.going【解析】考查非谓语动词。instead of 为介词短语，其后接动词时，需接动词 ing 形 式，故填 going。 39.for【解析】考查动介搭配。句意：在受伤被运送回国之前，海明威作为一名司机为意大 利军队工作。由句意可知，所填词应表示工作的对象，应用

25、介词 for，work for 意为“为.工 作”。 40.later【解析】考查副词。由上下文可知，此处意为“两年后，他搬家去了巴黎，希望在那 儿能提升他的写作。”，故填时间副词 later。 41.American【解析】考查形容词。由句干可知，所给词需作前置定语修饰名词 writers,故需 将其转换为形容词形式，故填 American。 42.a【解析】考查冠词。句意：海明威发展了一种简单又直接的写作风格。由句意可知，此 处应填不定冠词 a 来修饰可数名词 style，意为“一种风格”。 43.meaning【解析】考查名词。句意：他选词俭省，避免使用形容词，相信他的读者们能理 解他的

26、作品里的意义。由句意可知，所填词意为“意义，意思”，故填 mean 对应的名词形式 meaning，the meaning of sth. 意为“.的意思/义”。 44.to write【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词 try 后既可接不定式，意为“尽力做某事”；也可接 动名词，意为“尝试做某事”。而根据句意：我总是尽量基于冰山原则来写作可知，应填不定 式结构，故填 to write。 45.twentieth【解析】考查序数词。由句意可知，填空处指的是“20 世纪”，名词世纪前应用 序数词来修饰，故填 twentieth。 46.children【解析】考查名词复数。由设空前的主语谓语均为复数可

27、知，应填所给词的复数 形式，故填 children。 第 5 页 共 27 页 四、语法填空(本题有 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共计 10 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 (2019 浙江嘉兴) A group of boys were playing basketball in the park. The playground was great, 46 there was no fence(栅栏) around it. If one boy missed the ball, someone had to catch it at once,

28、so it wouldnt go too far away. One boy threw the ball too hard and it flew like a rocket over the 47 (head) of all the other boys and kept on flying. Anna was sitting nearby and watching the ducks swim in the river. Suddenly, she 48 (hear) some shouting and turned to see a big, orange object coming

29、towards 49 (she) . “stop the ball,” one of them shouted. The ball landed close to the river. The ducks flew away quickly. Anna opened her arms, just in time 50 (stop) the ball as it was going to fall into the river. “Could you please bring it over there?” asked one boy 51 (polite). Anna walked to th

30、em with the ball. She was nervous because the boys were 52 (old) than her. However, they were very nice and thanked her 53 saving the ball. “Can I join you?” Anna asked. The boy agreed, but they were not sure 54 she could throw the ball even close to the basket. Anna took the ball and then had 55 tr

31、y. The boys watched in surprise as the ball went straight into the basket. Anna smiled as the boys cheered loudly for her. 体裁：记叙文 话题：6. 个人兴趣 话题：16. 体育与赛事 词数：245 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，话题是关于运动。本文主要介绍了一群孩子在打篮球，但 是没有栅栏，很容易飞出操场。一个男孩因太用力，球飞走了，被一个女孩子接住了，这位 女孩子也想加入这团队，但男孩子们想让她试下，有没有这个实力，结果，她成功了进了一 球。 46. but 句意：操场

32、很大，但是没有栅栏。两者表示转折关系，故用 but。 47. heads 句意： 一个男孩扔球太狠， 它像火箭样飞过其他孩子的头， 然后继续飞。 Other boys 是很多男孩，故用复数。 48. heard 句意： 突然， 她听到某人在尖叫， 转身看到一个大的， 橙色的物体冲向她。 由 turned 要向过去式，hear 的过去式是 heard。故答案是 heard。 49. her 考查代词动词，she 的宾格为 her，介词 towards 后要跟 her。 50. to stop 句意：安娜张开双臂，及时地阻止了球掉入河中。考查动词的不定式，两个动词 之间，用不定式表示。故答案是 t

33、o stop。 51. politely 句意：你能带它来这儿吗？其中一个孩子有礼貌的问。考查副词，polite 的副词 形式，为 politely,表示“礼貌地”，应用 politely。 52. older 句意：因为男孩子都比她大，她感到不安。考查比较级，由 than 可知，要用 old 的 比较级 older。故答案是 older。 53. for 句意：无论如何，他们很好，然后感谢她捡到这个球。Thanks for doing sth.感谢做某 事，固定词组。故答案是 for。 54. if/ whether 句意：孩子同意了，但他们不确定是否她能够把球扔到最近的篮球框里。考 查宾语

34、从句，if/whether 表示是否，从句为一个一般疑问句。 55. a 句意：安娜拿到这个球，然后试了试。Have a try 试一试。固定搭配，故答案是 a。 第 6 页 共 27 页 五、五、(2019 浙江金华、丽水)语法填空（共语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 分，满分分，满分 10 分）分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Do you play Ant Forest? It is_61_online game on Alipay（支付宝）. Players _62_ (collect) energy by doing so

35、mething environmentally-friendly. They can grow and water _63_ (they) own trees with the energy._64_the tree are big enough, Alipay with some other companies will plant real trees in the desert（沙漠）area of China. Every year millions of trees_65_(plant) in this way. This is part of Chinas tree-plantin

36、g program. It hopes_66_(stop)the desert from becoming larger. Since 1978, China has planted over 66 billion trees_67_the north. It is known as the Great Green Wall. For example, Saihanba in Hebei Province was once a desert, _68_now it has become the biggest man-made forest in China. China is making

37、the world much_69_(green) than before. It sets a good example and has many_70_(lesson) to share with the world,said the United Nations Environment Program. 体裁 说明文 话题 文娱体育 词数 127 61.an 62.collect 63.their 64.When/If 65.are planted 66.to stop 67.in 68.but 69.greener 70.lessons 【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍支付宝的蚂蚁

38、森林，如果支付宝上的树足够，支付 宝就会和其他一些公司将在中国的沙漠地区种植真正的树，这样让世界更绿。 61.an 句意：这是_在线支付宝游戏。中心词 game 是可数名词单数，online 是以元音音 素开头的单词，此处用 an 泛指一个，故填 an。 62.collect 句意：玩家通过做一些环保的事情来收集“能量”。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓 语动词，讲述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，故填 collect。 63.their 句意：他们可以用“能量”来生长和浇灌自己的“树”。此处用形容词性物主代词 their 修饰名词”trees”。 64.When/If 句意：当“树”足够大时（如

39、果树足够大） ，支付宝将与其他公司一起在中国的沙 漠地区种植真正的树。根据语境可知，此处可理解为 when 引导的时间状语从句或 if 引导的 挑战状语从句，句首大写，故填 When/If。 65.are planted 句意：每年都有数以百万计的树木以这种方式种植。树与种植之间是被动关 系，被种植；根据语境可知要用一般现在时，主语为复数，故填 are planted。 66.to stop 句意： 它希望阻止沙漠变大。 hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”， 动词不定式作宾语， 故填 to stop。 67.in 句意：自 1978 年以来，中国在北方种植了 660 多亿棵树。i

40、n the north 在北方，固定 搭配，故填 in。 68.but 句意：例如，河北省塞罕坝曾经是一片沙漠，_现在已经成为中国最大的人工林。 根据句意可知，前后存在转折关系，中间无“，”，故填 but。 69.greener 句意：中国正在使世界变得比以前更加环保。由句中 than 可知要用比较级，故填 greener。 70.lessons 句意：它树立了一个很好的榜样，有许多经验教训可以与世界分享。lesson 是可 数名词，由 many 可知要用复数形式，故填 lessons。. 五、语法填空(本题有 10 小题，每小题 I 分，共计 10 分) (2019 浙江宁波) 阅读下面短文

41、，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词 第 7 页 共 27 页 的正确形式。 (2019 浙江宁波) An old man went to India. When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it was very cheap. The 51 (cheap) thing was a basket of red fruit. “How much per kilo?” the old man 52 (ask). “Two rupees (卢比),” the shopkeeper answered. Two

42、rupees in India is almost nothing, 53 the old man bought a whole kilogram and started eating it. However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began 54 (burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became as red 55 the fruit. As he coughed and struggled to breathe, he jumped up and 56 , scr

43、eaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!” And yet he continued to the fruit. Some people who were looking at him shook their 57(head) and said, “You are crazy! Those are chili peppers (辣椒)! You cant just eat them by the handful!” The old man said to 58 (he), “I paid for them, so I must eat them.” This old man seemed pr

44、etty stupid. But are we so much smarter? All of us have 59 (spend) money and time on somethingmaybe a relationship, or a business, or a joband sometimes, even if we know theres no hope that things will change, we still continue with it. What we can learn 60 the old man is this: if youve lost a lot o

45、ver something that doesnt work, let it go and move on. Its better than continuing to lose. 体裁：记叙文 话题：24. 故事 词数 250 【答案】51. cheapest 52. asked 53. so 54. to burn/burning 55. as 56. down 57. heads 58. himself 59. spent 60. from 【解析】 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一位老人在印度买了一千克红辣椒大吃起来，结果辣得他 上蹿下跳，周围之人捧腹大笑。短文告诉我们：有舍才有得！

46、51. cheapest 由上句中表范围的 most of it was very cheap 可推知，大部分水果都很便宜，但 最便宜的是一篮红水果。名词 thing 前面应用形容词作定语，故此处应填形容词最高级 cheapest。 52. asked 由第 1 段第 1 句 An old man went to India.可知，本文讲述的是过去的一个故事， 故此处应用动词的一般过去时态作谓语。故填动词过去式 asked。 53. so 分析句子结构可知， 前半句 Two rupees in India is almost nothing 表原因， 空格后面的 the old man bou

47、ght a whole kilogram and started eating it 表结果，前后句之间是“前因后果”关 系，故此处应用连词 so 表因果关系。 54. to burn/burning begin to do/doing sth.开始做某事，是固定搭配。故填动词不定式 to burn 或动名词 burning。 55. as 本句是“as + 形容词或副词原形 + as”结构，意为“和一样”，表比较。故填连词 as。 56. down up and down 上上下下，是固定搭配。故填副词 down。 57. heads 由前面的形容词性物主代词 their 可知，此处指的是“

48、他们的头”，故填复数名词 heads。 58. himself say to oneself 自言自语，是固定搭配。主语 The old man 是第三人称单数，故此 处应填反身代词 himself。 59. spent 由前面的助动词 have 可知，本句是现在完成时态，故此处应填动词 spend 的过去 第 8 页 共 27 页 分词 spent。 60. from learn from sb.向某人学习，是固定搭配。故填介词 from。 (2019 浙江衢州) 六、语法填空 (共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求， 在空

49、白处填入适当的词 或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 (2019 浙江衢州) It was our schools yearly dancing show. I 61 (be) excited that I was chosen by the teacher this time although I didnt have any experience of dancing for a show. I would dance in front of all the students and 62 (teacher). It made me very proud. However, I was a bit sad 63 my father had no time to watch me dance. He 64_(invite) to have a business meeting. I knew that my father would surely come to my show if he could. 65 (lucky), my mother an