2018中考英语真题分类汇编：专题6、完形填空-精讲二、议论、说明.doc

1、第二节 （2018 云南昆明）完形填空 从 A、B、C、D 三个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） Space travel is nothing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up 36 space in 1961. Since then, people have not only travelled to space, 37 many of them have also lived there in space stations for some time. The Sovie

2、t Union（苏联）sent the 38 space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut I. It 39 as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space sta

3、tions. At about the same time, the United States had 40 own space station, called Skylab. Astronauts 41 in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasnt until the late 1980s when the Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a 42 time. Living in space

4、stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them 43 food. All the 44 on space stations are put together on Earth and sent there by spaceship. Because the food has to last a long time, a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a

5、 cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods 45 dried meat that do not need special care. 36. A. into B. with C. of 37. A. for B. but C. unless 38. A. ones B. one C. first 39. A. found B. was built C. was bought 40. A. them B. they C. its 41. A. lived B. played

6、 C. took 42. A. more B. shorter C. longer 43. A. am B. is C. are 44. A. apple B. vegetable C. meals 45. A. such as B. at last C. next to 体裁 说明文 话题 太空探索 词数 242 主旨大意：本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了宇宙飞船、太空站及宇航员的太空生活。 36. A 考查介词辨析。由 set up into“发射进入”可知。故选 A。 37. B 考查固定搭配。not only but (also)为固定搭配，意为“不仅；而且”。故选 B。 38. C

7、考查数词。句意：1971 年苏联向太空发射了第一个太空站。first 表示“第一”。故选 C。 39. B 考查被动语态。be built 意为“被修建为”。故选 B。 40. C 考查代词辨析。根据主语 the United States 可知应选 its“它的”。故选 C。 41. A 考查动词辨析。结合下句的“began to live in space”可知应选 A。 42. C 考查形容词辨析。结合上句中的“for a short time”可知此处表示“时间更长了些”，故选 C。 43. B 考查主谓一致。one of them 意为“其中之一”，为单数形式，故用 is。故选 B。

8、 44. C 考查主谓一致。根据此句中的 are 可知主语为复数形式，三个选项中只有 C 项是复数形式，故选 C。 45. A 考查固定搭配。such as 例如；at last 最后，终于；next to 靠近，空后为空前 many other foods 所举的例 子，故选 A。 二、(2018 江苏徐州) 完形填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分， 满分 15 分 ） 根据短文内容，从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (2018 江苏徐州) What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give

9、 their 16 . Here are two imaginations about the world of 17 . When people talk about the future, we like to think that well have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 18 roads and speeding tickets. 19 , some people point to the disadvantages o

10、f flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 20 ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if 21 become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. 22 it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imag

11、ine you have your own Ironman 23 . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot exoskeleton. This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will 24 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 25 in many ways, especially for

12、people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 26 or injury (受伤). But the disadvantage at the moment is the 27 . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 28 and batteries only last about 1

13、5 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot suit could 29 the wearer. You wouldnt want your robot leg or arm bending (弯曲) the wrong way. So in the future, 30 we might be able to fly to work and lift a car above our heads, there are plenty of problems to solve before t

14、his will be possible. 16. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons 17. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow 18. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty 19. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However 20. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down 21. A. they B. you C. we D.

15、I 22. A. And B. But C. So D. Or 23. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes 24. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow 25. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful 26. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party 27. A. quality B. price C. need D. number 28. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience 29. A.

16、hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack 30. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until 体裁 科普文 话题 未来的世界 词数 305 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了未来广泛使用飞车的好处和弊端和将来穿上钢铁侠套装后的强大的功能。 16. C 考查名词词义辨析。从前句的提问：What will the future world be like?未来世界是个什么样子。推断本 句是，许多人乐意给出他们的观点。故选 C。 17. D 考查名词词义辨析。从前句的提问：What will the future world

17、 be like?未来世界是个什么样子。由此推 知，本句是，这里是有关未来世界的设想。故选 D。 18. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们驾驶时速每小时 480 公里的飞车能够避免交通灯，繁忙的道路，超 速的罚单。故选 C。 19. D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人指出了飞车的缺点。与前面介绍飞车的优点构成转折关系。根据前 后句之间的逻辑关系，故用 However 然而。故选 D。 20. B 考查动词短语辨析。分析后句 Then there will be problems with traffic control.交通管理方面将有问题， 得出本句句意：如果飞车坏了，将发生什么情况呢？故

18、选 B。 21. A 考查代词词义辨析。根据前文介绍可知，这里都是讲飞车流行会带来的问题。根据句意：飞车流行起 来，一定有太多的空中交通。可知这里指的是“飞车”。用第三人称复数，做主语。故选 A。 22. C 考查连词词义辨析。 由前句 Also, if 21 become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic.得出 本句的结论 22 it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! 引出结

19、论用连词 so。故选 C。 23. B 考查名词词义辨析。跳读后句 This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.理解句 意：设想你拥有你自己的钢铁侠套装。故选 B。 24. D 考查动词词义辨析。理解句意：它能让穿戴者拎重物，走长途，甚至穿墙。根据句意可知选 D。 25. D 考查形容词词义辨析。 根据前句 It will 24 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls!.知，它在许多方面是有

20、用的。故选 D。 26. A 考查名词词义辨析。理解句意：这套装能帮助受伤或生病的人重新走起来。故选 A。 27. B 考查名词词义辨析。从空后的内容 Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.知，价格 昂贵问题是它的缺点。故选 B。 28. B 考查名词词义辨析。从上句“Another problem is battery life.”以及后句中的 batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment.知，这套装需要许多能量。故选 B。 29. A 考查动词词义辨析。

21、理解句意：另一个问题是破坏了程序的机器人套装能够伤了穿戴者。故选 A。 30. C 考查连词词义辨析。根据选项理解句意：因此在将来，虽然我们可能飞去上班，能把小汽车举过头， 但是在这种情况发生之前有许多问题要解决。故选 C。 二、二、(2018 黑龙江哈尔滨黑龙江哈尔滨)完形填空（本题共完形填空（本题共 10 分，每小题分，每小题 1 分）分） No matter who you are and where you live, the most important thing is what kind of person you are. There are many good qualiti

22、es that can benefit you a lot in your life. Among them, the following 21 qualities are the most helpful ones. Have a 22 attitude. Life is not always a bed of roses. When facing difficulties, dont lose heart. Do you know what can help you overcome difficulties? Its your attitude. Cheer up! Life is li

23、ke a 23 . When you smile in front of it, it will also smile at you. Keep learning. Maybe you 24 your present life. Every day you have 25 much work to do that you cant find any time to learn. However, the world around you is changing all the time. Never be satisfied with yourself, 26 you will fall be

24、hind others. 27 learning can help you get success in the future. Be creative. In modern society, the students who have creative thinking are needed most. Being creative means 28 new ideas and having creative imagination. Those who are creative have more choices in their life. Be honest and keep your

25、 promise. Honesty is the best policy(原则). 29 likes a person who tells lies. The one who keeps his word is popular everywhere. As long as you have these qualities 30 above, you will be excellent and make a difference to the world. Albert Einstein once said, “Try not to become a man of success but rat

26、her try to become a man of value.” 根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 21. A. three B. four C. five 22. A. negative B. positive C. sad 23. A. board B. stone C. mirror 24. A. are used to B. are used for C. used to 25. A. too B. so C. such 26. A. and B. but C. or 27. A. Keep B. Keeping C. Keeps 28. A. coming up with B. cat

27、ching up with C. calling up 29. A. Everybody B. Nobody C. Somebody 30. A. that is mentioned B. mentioning C. mentioned 体裁 议论文 话题 个人修养 词数 257 【主旨大意】本篇是一篇议论文。文章指出了如何提高个人的品质。 21. B 根据下文具体给出的例子可在此处是四个。故选 B。 22. B 根据下午可知要拥有积极的态度，故选 B。 23. C 根据下文当我们在它之前笑时，它也会笑，只有镜子符合，故选 C。 24. A 考查固定词组，be used to sth 习惯于某

28、事。故选 A。 25. B 考查固定句型 so.that 。句意为每天你有如此多的工作要做以至于你不能找到任何时间来学习。故选 B。 26. C 考查连词。句意是永远不要对自己感到满足，否则你将落后于别人。 故选 C。 27. D 考查动名词做主语。故选 B。 28. A 考查固定搭配。意思为有创造性意味着能想出更多的新主意。故选 A。 29. B 考查不定代词。句意为没有人喜欢说谎的人。故选 B。 30. C 考查被动语态。句意为只要你拥有以上这些被提到的品质。故选 C。 .(2018 黑龙江龙东) Close test(本题共 15 分，每小题 1 分) Choose the best a

29、nswer to complete the passage. We can see the mobile phone freaks(手机控) everywhere nowadays. Can you 21 when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table? This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. When a dish comes, we 22 our mobiles and take photos of the food first instead of eating. Afte

30、r that, we post the photos on Weibo or WeChat, 23 to be “liked”. Then we may check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see 24 we get “liked” or not. We just cant leave our mobiles for only a meal. Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when 25 pe

31、ople do that? A recent 26 shows that spending time on photos of food 27 the food less pleasant. To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to take photos 28 they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, the 29 the food seemed to them. So,

32、 please dont take photos and just enjoy the food in front of you. 30 the result, there are also some other bad 31 of taking photos and posting the photos on the Internet before meals. 32 , they will check their mobiles many times, “Does everyone like my 33 ? I hope a lot of people like them!” It see

33、ms that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people. So next time when you go out for dinner with your family or friends, how about 34 photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life 35 people around you. 21. A. remember B. forget C. b

34、elieve 22. A. take in B. take up C. take out 23. A. wait B. waited C. waiting 24. A. if B. whether C. which 25. A. other B. others C. the other 26. A. news B. study C. information 27. A. makes B. made C. making 28. A. but B. before C. after 29. A. less delicious B. delicious C. more delicious 30. A.

35、 Except B. Beside C. Besides 31. A. disadvantages B. expressions C. influences 32. A. Such as B. For example C. Like 33. A. photos B. mobiles C. food 34. A. take B. taking C. not taking 35. A. to B. with C. at 题材 调查报告 话题 发明与技术 词数 287 【主旨大意】本文是一篇调查报告。文章讲述了手机对于人们生活的影响。许多人吃饭时先拍照，分享朋 友圈。让饭就变得不是那么美味。文章呼吁

36、人们花更多时间和周边人相处，不做手机奴隶。 21. A 考查动词词义。 句意： 你能_当我们开始带着我们的手机来到餐桌？remember 记着； forget 忘 记；believe 相信。根据词义可知是记着，故选 A.。 22. C 考查动词搭配。句意：当上菜了，我们_我们的手机并且先照相而不是先用餐。take in 吸入； take up 占据；take out 拿出。由句意可推知，我们拿出我们的手机并拍照，故选 C。 23. C 考查谓语变化。句意：之后，我们把照片发到微博和微信上，等着被赞。动词 ing 形式表伴随，句子 中已经有一个谓语了之后的谓语应用 doing 或 to do 形

37、式，逗号后面只能接 doing。故选 C。 24. B 考查连词。句意：然后我们会在吃饭过程中时常查询我们的手机，来看我们 _得到了赞。 这里可推知是是否的意思，if 和 whether 都有是否的意思，但是后面有 or not 只能用 whether。故选 B。 25. A 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：当别人这样做时， 你的感受是什么？ other 其他的，后面接名词复 数；others 名词，别人；the other 用于两者中的另外一个。故选 A。 26. B 考查名词词义。句意：研究表明：花时间在食物照片上，会让食物不那么让人愉悦。news 消息；study 研究；informatio

38、n 信息。由句意可得知是研究，故选 B。 27. C 考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间在食物照片上，会让食物不那么让人愉悦。由 spend.doing 可知。 故选 C。 28. B 考查连词意义。句意：一些人被要求在享受食物之前先拍照。but 但是，表示转折；before 在.之前； after 在.之后。根据语境，故选 B。 29. A 考查形容词的比较级。 句意： 他们拍的照片越多， 食物就越不美味。 the+比较级， the+比较级。 越. 越.由语境可知，故选 A。 30. C 考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了这个结果之外，还有其他一些坏的影响在饭前拍照和上传照片到网上。 except 除之

39、外，没有啦；besides.除之外，还有；beside 在.旁边。由语境可知，由 also 可以得知，还有。 故选 C。 31. C 考查名词词义。句意：还有其他一些坏的影响在饭前拍照和上传照片到网上。. disadvantages 缺点； expressions 表达方式; influences 影响。根据词义可知，故选 C。 32. B 考查介词短语。句意：例如，他们会拿出手机，看很多次。such as 例如，后面接短语； for example 举例，后面接句子；like 像。由句子 they will check their mobiles many times,可推知，故选 B。 3

40、3. A 考查名词意义。句意：人们会喜欢我的照片吗？ photos 图片; mobiles 手机; food 食物。上传的是图片。 故选 A。 34. C 考查非谓语动词。句意：下次吃饭时，不拍照好吗？How about 之后用动名词。根据句意，不拍照， 所以用 not。故选 C。 35. B 考查固定词组搭配。句意：跟你周围的人分享你的生活。Share.with 与.分享，固定词组搭配。故 选 B。 B（2018甘肃兰州） What can lead you to success? The most important thing is what you do every day. It i

41、s very simple. Your habits will decide whether or not you are 49 in the future. If you have strong and healthy good habits, it doesnt matter whether you fail or not today, because you are sure to succeed in the end. Having good habits does not mean that you will succeed every time. However, if it go

42、es long, you will 50 all your goals and be successful. 51 the other hand, if you have strong bad habits, you are sure to fail at last. Why are habits so important? 52 you repeat the same action and the same behavior every day. A single good action will not change your life, but the same action repea

43、ted 1,000 times will have an important effect on your life. How can you 53 good habits? There is nothing easier than developing good habits. You want to make a habit, and then you must do the action every day. If you want to develop the habit of eating 54 food, eat healthily every day. If you want t

44、o develop the habit of reading, read every day. The more you do an action, the easier it becomes in 55 end. 49. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully 50. A. achieve B. achieved C. achieving D. achieves 51. A. In B. On C. At D. To 52. A. But B. While C. Because D. Since 53. A. find B. o

45、ffer C. realize D. develop 54. A. health B. healthy C. unhealthy D. healthily 55. A. the B. an C. a D. / 体裁 说明文 话题 生活习惯 词数 214 【主旨大意】这篇短文主要讲述了成功与好的习惯息息相关，并阐述了习惯的重要性及如何养成好的习惯。 49. C【解析】考查词义辨析及语境理解。success 意为“成功”，名词；succeed 意为“成功”，动词；successful 意为“成功的”， 形容词； successfully 意为“成功地”， 副词。 本句句意为“你的习惯会决定你将来是

46、否会成功。 ” 且本句中“are”为系动词，后需跟形容词，故选“successful”。 50. A 【解析】 考查语境理解。 情态动词 will 后跟动词原形， achieve ones goals 表示“实现目标”， 故选“achieve”。 51. B【解析】考查固定搭配。on the other hand 意为“另一方面”，为固定表达，故选“On”。 52. C【解析】考查连词辨析。But 意为“但是”；While 意为“当时候；尽管”；Because 意为“因为”；Since 意为“自以来；由于”。根据上一句提示“Why are habits so important?”中的“Why

47、”可知此处需用 Because 进行回答，故选“Because”。 53. D【解析】 考查动词辨析。 find 意为“发现”； offer 意为“提供”； realize 意为“意识到”； develop 意为“发展”。 根据下文提示“. You want to make a habit, . If you want to develop the habit of eating . If you want to develop the habit of reading .”中的“make”和“develop”可知本段主要讲述的是如何养成好的习惯，故选“develop”。 54. B【解析】

48、考查词义辨析及语境理解。 health 意为“健康”，名词； healthy 意为“健康的”， 形容词； unhealthy 意为“不健康的”，形容词；healthily 意为“健康地”，副词。根据句意“如果你想养成吃食物的习惯，你 每天要吃得健康。 ”可知此处表示“吃健康的食物”， 且 food 为名词， 故用形容词 healthy 修饰， 故选“healthy”。 55. A【解析】考查固定搭配。in the end 意为“最后”，为固定介词短语，故选“the”。 (2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔黑龙江齐齐哈尔) Few people like changing their habits, goo

49、d or bad. Whether it is smoking, drinking or overeating, they 11._ “enjoying” them to end. On every packet of cigarettes(香烟)，people are warned against the 12._ of smoking: “Warning: Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.” 13._, millions of them start smoking or go on smoking. Why? Facts show that families and surroundings(环境) play a very important part in 14._ smokers. All those smokers come from smoking families or have smoking 15._ or relatives. Films and TV plays also play a part. People 16._ their “heroes” on TV drinkin