Unit 4 讲义（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语必修第二册.docx

1、1 1 人教版（人教版（20192019） 必修必修 2 2 Unit 4 History and traditionsUnit 4 History and traditions 一、词汇应用一、词汇应用 1We need to ensure a smooth t （转换） between the old system and the new one 2In s （明显的） contrast to their brothers， the girls were both intelligent and charming 3His hometown lies in the r （滚） countr

2、yside of southwestern France 4He is the greatest p （诗歌） who has ever existed 5Three c （牛群） broke into the wheat fields and did much damage 6According to the local （风俗）， he had to kowtow three times 7Theyve gone down the （酒馆） for a drink 8Flowers are chosen for their （香味） as well as their look 9He is

3、 living now in his mothers home （郡） of Oxfordshire 10 （海洋） colour varies from green to blue， depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton （浮游植物） 二、二、 单句语法填空单句语法填空 11The immune system （免疫系统） is our main （defend） against disease 12You have no choice but to break away from the （legal）organi

4、zation 问题定位问题定位 2 2 13We must do everything in our power （ensure） the success of the conference 14Peter （announce） that he had no intention of wasting his time at any universities 15As autumn （approach）， the plants and colors in the garden changed 16Bringing up a child alone should give you a sense

5、of （achieve） 17Many （poet） and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature 18The （surround）villages have been absorbed by the growing city 19The British teachers in the country were paid in local （current） 20While the two are only several days apart in age， they seem （belong） to wholly generati

6、ons 三、三、短文词汇填空短文词汇填空 An exhibition of paintings will be held in a county in Wales The man in（1） （负责） of the gallery （2） （宣布） there will be（3） （大方的）landscape paintings on show， and that only a small amount of money will be charged for the exhibition to ensure its success A painting about the （4） （风 俗

7、） of the countryside will be displayed There is a pub in the courtyard of a farmhouse It offers a variety of drinks and snacks， such as wine， beer and hamburgers with butter and honeyA waiter is （5） （问 候） guests with a smile A poet is （6） （包围） by a crowd，（7） （渴望的） to listen to his speech A herd of c

8、attle are grazing nearby Its a （8） （迷人的）scene， isnt it？ The best （9） （方 法）to visiting is to keep your eyes open and see the painting from different （10） （位置）without missing any details 四、四、语法填空语法填空 The hardships involved in building the Great Wall are beyond imagination Large numbers of people had t

9、o leave their homes and families to go to the north， （1） they worked hard for years Of the legends about the Great Wall， the story of Lady Meng Jiang is the most （2） （move） Lady Meng Jiang lived during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin After her husband（3） （call） up to build the Great Wall， she

10、missed him so much（4） she traveled many miles to see him but only（5） （tell） that her husband had died and was buried under the Wall She was （6） （extreme） sad and cried for three days and nights until the Great 3 3 Wall fell down one section after another Over the past centuries， the Great Wall （7） （

11、become） a symbol of unity and （8） （strong） for Chinese people It symbolizes that the great achievement can be made with （9） common will and joined effort For example， the national anthem， composed during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， called on people to build our new Great Wall（

12、10） our flesh and blood 重点词汇重点词汇 1，confucius 英 knfjus 美 knfjus n. 孔子（中国古代教育家、儒家创始人） Confucius resigned and left the country. 孔子于是辞职并离开鲁国。 2，mansion 英 mnn 美 mnn n. 大厦；宅邸；公寓 The family owns a lordly mansion. 那个家族拥有一座气派的大厦。 3，cemetery 英 semtri 美 semteri n. 墓地 He was buried in this cemetery. 他被安葬在这个公墓里。

13、 4，philosophy 英 flsfi 美 flsfi n. 哲学；哲理 This organization espouses the socialist philosophy. 这个组织支持社会主义哲学。 词句积累词句积累 4 4 5，descendant 英 dsendnt 美 dsendnt n. 后裔；子孙；后代 I am a descendant of George Washington. 我是乔治华盛顿的后代子孙。 6，individual 英 ndvdul 美 ndvdul adj. 单独的；一个人的；独有的 n. 个人；个体 It is difficult for a te

14、acher to give individual attention to children in a large class. 教师在人数多的班上，很难对各个学生都照顾到。, 7，heel 英 hil 美 hil n. 脚后跟 v. 倾侧 His heel is raw because his shoe does not fit well. 因鞋子不合适，他的脚后跟擦破皮了。 8，Achilles heel 阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 This was the regulatory Achilles heel that led to the present crisis. 这就是导致当今经济

15、危机的“监管的阿基里斯之踵”。 9，kingdom 英 kdm 美 kdm n. 王国；领域；界 Kingdom：天国. The ruler of a kingdom is designated a king. 王国的统治者称作国王。 5 5 10，chief 英 tif 美 tif adj. 主要的；首要的 n. 首领 The chief of the police department demanded severe punishments for criminals. 警察局长要求严惩罪犯。 11，puzzle 英 pzl 美 pzl n. 难题；谜；迷惑；拼图游戏 vt. 使为难；使困

16、惑 vi. 苦思；迷惑 Will you help me to solve this puzzle? 你能帮助我解决这个难题吗? The question puzzled me. 这个问题把我难住了。 12，nearby 英 nba 美 nrba adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近 He roped his horse on a nearby tree. 他把马拴到附近的一棵树上。 His brothers were married and settled down nearby. 他的兄弟都已结婚，就住在附近。 13，join.into. 把.和.连接起来 14，break away fro

17、m sb./sth. 脱离；背叛；逃脱 6 6 Cant you break away from old habits? 你不能戒除旧习惯吗? 15，belong 英 bl 美 bl vi. 应归入；属于 These boots belong in the closet. 这些靴子应搁在壁橱里。 16，belong to 属于 That dictionary belongs to me. 那本字典是属于我的。 17，as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 He is a friend in word as well as in deed. 他是个言行如一的朋友。 He shared in

18、my sorrows as well as in my joys. 他分担我的快乐也分享我的悲伤。 18，currency 英 krnsi 美 krnsi n. 货币；流通 The president proclaimed that a new currency would be issued. 总统宣布将发行新货币。 19，military 英 mltri 美 mlteri adj. 军事的 n. 军队 7 7 They are making further efforts to decrease military spending. 他们正在做进一步的努力来减少军费开支。 The mili

19、tary were called in to deal with the riot. 已将军队调来镇压暴乱。 20，defence 英 dfens 美 dfens n. 防御；答辩；防务 Humour is a more effective defence than violence. 21，legal 英 lil 美 lil adj. 法定的；法律的；合法的 When his father died, his uncle became his legal custodian. 他父亲死后,他叔叔成了他的法定监护人。 22，surround 英 srand 美 srand vt. 包围；环绕

20、n. 环绕物 The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙。 This old fireplace has a very attractive surround. 这个老壁炉有个非常引人注目的围绕物。 23，evidence 英 evdns 美 evdns n. 证据；证词；根据；迹象 v. 证明；证实 There wasnt enough evidence to prove his guilt. 没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。 8 8 His answer evidenced a guilty conscience. 他的回答证明他良心有愧。

21、 24，achievement 英 tivmnt 美 tivmnt n. 成就；成绩；完成；达到 Effort and achievement are always in full accord. 努力和成就总是相辅相承的。 25，location 英 lken 美 loken n. 位置；外景拍摄地；定位；地点 The town is a good location for a young doctor. 这个小镇很适宜于一位青年医生安家。 26，conquer 英 kk(r) 美 kkr vt. 征服；克服；战胜 vi. 得胜 If we want light, we must conqu

22、er darkness. 我们要光明，就得征服黑暗。 27，battle 英 btl 美 btl n. 战斗；争斗 v. 与 . 作战；与 . 竞争 His brave deeds in the battle earned him everlasting glory. 他在那场战斗中的英勇事迹为他赢得了永恒的荣誉。 They battled with the wind and the waves. 他们与风浪搏斗。 9 9 28，port 港口 Rick often watched the boats returning to port in the late afternoon. 29，fa

23、scinating 英 fsnet 美 fsnet adj. 迷人的 The book is fascinating, despite its uninspiring title. 这本书很有意思，虽然书名并不吸引人。 30，keep your eyes open for 留心；留意 If that sounds like good news, keep your eyes open for your chance for change. 如果你听着像好消息，那么为你改变的机会张大双眼。 31，charge 英 td 美 trd n. 费用；电荷；掌管；控告；命令；负载 vt. 使充电；使承担

24、；指责；装载；对索费；向冲去 vi. 充电；控告；索价；向前冲；记在账上 Go out and buy a pair of glasses, and charge it to us. 出去买一副眼镜，记在我们的账上。 Alex had forgotten to charge the battery. 亚历克斯忘了给电池充电。 32，announce 英 nans 美 nans vt. 宣布；宣告；预示；播报 vi. 作播音员；宣布竞选 I hope to announce the winner shortly. 1010 我希望马上宣布胜利者的名字。 33，amount 英 mant 美 ma

25、nt n. 数量；总额 vi. 总计；等于 He has a large amount of mail to answer every day. 他每天有大量的信件要回复。 The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred. 受伤人数总计一百多。 34，gallery 英 lri 美 lri n. 画廊、美术馆 She is a frequent visitor to the gallery. 她经常参观这个美术馆。 35，approach 英 prt 美 prot v. 靠近；接近；接洽；要求；达到；动手处理 n. 途径；方法；接近

26、；接洽；要求；路径；进场着陆；相似的事物 Such people as are friendly are easy to approach. 亲切之人容易接近。 36，ensure 英 n(r) 美 nr vt. 担保；保证；使安全；确保 I cant ensure that he will be there on time. 1111 我不能担保他会及时到那儿。 37，landscape 英 lndskep 美 lndskep n. 风景；风景画；山水；计横向 v. 美化景观 Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape. 那些农舍与周围

27、的风景完全融为一体了。 The area around the mill pond has also been landscaped. 贮木场周围都经过美化。 38，generous 英 denrs 美 denrs adj. 慷慨的；宽宏大量的；丰厚的；丰盛的；味浓的 She was always very generous in her charity. 她行善时总是很慷慨。 39，butter 英 bt(r) 美 btr n. 黄油；奶油 vt. 涂黄油；奉承 My mother asked me to cream the butter and sugar together. 妈妈让我把黄

28、油和糖搅成奶油状 He began to butter up the director in hope of being given a better job 他开始奉承主任，希望得到一份更好的工作。 1212 40，honey 英 hni 美 hni n. 蜂蜜；甜蜜；宝贝 v. 说甜言蜜语；（加蜜）使甜 adj. 甜蜜的；亲爱的 We can use honey as a substitute of sugar. 我们可以蜂蜜作为糖的代替品。 He always honeyed his boss. 他总是恭维他的老板。 41，ancestor 英 nsest(r) 美 nsestr n.

29、祖宗；祖先；原种 People who share an ancestor are called relatives. 有同一个祖先的叫做亲戚。 42，position 英 pzn 美 pzn n. 位置；职位；立场；状态 vt. 安置；定位 Can you find our position on this map? 你能在这幅地图上找到我们的位置吗? She positioned herself near the warm fire. 她待在温暖的炉子的旁边。 43，courtyard 英 ktjd 美 krtjrd n. 庭院；院子 Rise at dawn and sweep the

30、courtyard. 黎明即起，洒扫庭除。 44，snack 英 snk 美 snk n. 小吃；点心 vi. 吃点心 1313 Usually I only have a snack at lunchtime. 我中午通常只吃点心。 If you snack too much, you may get fat. 零食吃的太多,你会长胖的。 45，eager 英 i(r) 美 ir adj. 热切的；渴望的 He is eager for you to meet his friends. 他热切希望你见见他的朋友。 46，poet 英 pt 美 pot n. 诗人 A great poet i

31、s a master melody. 大诗人也是音律大师。 47，county 英 kanti 美 kanti n. 郡；县 adj. 有郡中豪绅习气的 Her jocund character made her the most popular girl in the county. 她快乐的个性使她成为这个郡最受欢迎的女孩。 He belongs to the county set. 他属于郡中豪绅阶层。 48，feast 英 美 fist n. 宴会；酒席；节会 v. 享乐；款宴；请客 Enough is as good as a feast. 1414 知足常乐。 They inten

32、ded to feast the night away. 他们打算通宵欢宴。 roll 英 rl 美 rol n. 卷；滚动；名单；压路机；颤音；圆形物，面包卷 v. 摇摆；滚；绕；转动；展开 Love comes quick and passes away quick too. Only the pork roll will go on. 爱情来得快去得也快,只有猪肉卷才是永恒的。 The ship was rolling heavily to and fro. 那船晃来晃去很不平稳。 50，dot 英 dt 美 dt n. 少量；小圆点；小东西 v. 点缀；作小点记号 The ship b

33、ecame a mere dot on the horizon. 船在远处的水平线上成了一个小点。 On the map towns were marked by a red dot. 在地图上，城镇是用小红点标出的。 The lake was dotted with little boats. 湖面上布满了小船。 1515 51，cattle 英 ktl 美 ktl n. 牛；家畜；畜牲 There are many herds of cattle in the meadow. 牧场上有许多牛群。 52，roar 英 r(r) 美 rr v. 吼叫；咆哮 n. 吼声；咆哮；轰鸣；喧闹 He

34、could only roar in a gruff voice. 他仅能以沙哑的声音吼叫着。 The machine started up with a roar. 机器一声轰鸣开动了。 53，ocean 英 n 美 on n. 海洋；海量 These creatures live in the depth of the Pacific Ocean. 这些生物生活在太平洋的海底。 54，scent 英 sent 美 sent n. 气味；香味；线索 v. 闻出；发觉；充满；得到 . 的暗示 The scent was of leaves and turned earth. 这是树叶和新翻泥土

35、的气味。 The dog scent a rabbit and run off after it. 狗嗅到了一只兔子便追了上去。 1616 55，greet 英 rit 美 rit vt. 迎接；问候；致敬；作出反应 He greeted her with a loving hug. 他以一个深情的拥抱来迎接她。 56，pub 英 pb 美 pb n. 酒吧；酒馆 I ran into an old friend in a pub. 我在酒吧碰到了一位老朋友。 57，Wine 英 wan 美 wan n. 葡萄酒；酒；紫红色；使人沉醉的东西 vi. 喝酒 vt. 请 . 喝酒 adj. 深红色

36、的 He drank the wine slowly, savoring every drop. 他慢慢地喝着酒，细细品尝着每滴酒的滋味。 This wine has a purplish-red color with bluish tints. 此酒呈紫红色并泛有蓝色的光泽。 I used to wine with my meals. 我过去吃饭时常常配点酒喝。 Our hosts wined and dined us very well. 主人设酒宴盛情款待我们 58，beer 英 b(r) 美 br n. 啤酒 I like drinking beer. 1717 我喜欢喝啤酒。 59，

37、stew 英 stju 美 stu n. 炖汤；焖；烦恼 v. 炖汤；焖；忧虑 Today I spent the whole afternoon making oxtail stew. 今天我花了整整一个下午去炖牛尾汤。 She is all in a stew over her lost trunk. 她因丢失衣箱而十分烦恼。 Today I spent the whole afternoon stewing oxtail. 今天我花了整整一个下午去做焖牛尾。 60，custom 英 kstm 美 kstm n. 习惯；风俗；惯例 （复）Customs: 海关；关税 adj. 定做的；定制

38、的 It is my custom to go for a walk before breakfast. 早餐前出去散散步是我的习惯。 Custom rules the law. 谚风俗左右法律。 The custom prevails over the whole area. 这风俗存在于这整个地区。 This custom was abrogated years ago. 这一惯例多年前业已废除。 It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs. 1818 我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。 Exit does not nee

39、d to meet custom duty. 出口不需要交关税。 I pay $20 in custom on the $100 swiss watch. 我为一百美元的瑞士表付了二十美元的关税。 Please enter a name for the custom controller. 请输入自定义控制器的名称。 61，sensory 英 sensri 美 sensri adj. 知觉的；感觉的；知觉器官的 Although postural control relies on sensory feedback, motion sickness is really a sign that

40、the motor-control system is going haywire. 尽管姿势的维持仰赖知觉的回馈，晕车感其实是运动控制系统混乱的前兆。 62，transition 英 trnzn 美 trnzn n. 转变；过渡 Such a sudden transition must affect her. 这样的一个突然变化一定会影响她。 His attitude underwent an abrupt transition. 他的态度突然改变了。 We hope there will be a peaceful transition to the new system. 我们希望能够

41、和平过渡到新的制度。 63，crowd 英 krad 美 krad n. 人群；群众；大群；朋友 v. 拥挤；挤满；涌入；贴近；逼迫 We had to push our way through the crowd. 1919 我们得从人群中挤过去。 They had managed to crowd into a train. 他们勉强挤上了一列火车。 64. keep your eyes open (for) 留心; 留意 重点句型重点句型 1. Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve t

42、his puzzle了解一点英国历史将有助于你解 决这个难题。 【句型】句中 Getting to know a little bit about British history 是动名词短语作_。 【单词】puzzle n谜；难题 vt.& vi._ be in a puzzle 感到困惑 be a puzzle to sb 对某人来说是个谜 puzzle about/over 苦苦思考 puzzled adj 困惑的，迷惑不解的 puzzling adj 令人迷惑不解的 【链接】动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 动名词具有动词与名词的性质，在句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。动名词作主语时

43、，有时用 it 作形式主语，而 把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构有： It is no use doing sth. 做某事没用。 It is no good doing sth. 做某事没有好处。 It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。 【例句】 2020 What puzzled me was how the accident could have happened 令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。 Im in a puzzle as to how to get along with him 对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。 2.In the 1

44、6th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England 16 世纪， 附近的威尔士并 入英格兰王国。 【词块】把和连接或联结起来 【单词】join vt/vi. 参加，连接，结合 join in 参加；加入 join the army 参军 【例句】 (1)The island，joined to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to. 这个岛由一座大桥与大陆相连，很容易到达。 (2)It is said that more than two hun

45、dred students have joined in the discussion. 据说二百多名学生参与了讨论。 【辨析 join, join in, take part in, attend】 join 指加入一个团体、组织、群体,成为其中的一员 join a club 加入一个俱乐部 join in 和 take part in 均指参与某活动, take part in 稍微正式 2121 3.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which result

46、ed in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland最后，在 20 世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国， 这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国. 【句型】which resulted in the full name we have today_。 Which 在句中做_. 关系代词 which 在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在 从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 【词块】break awa

47、y (from sb. /sth. )突然离开；脱离 【例句】The girl broke away from her mother and ran away. 这个女孩挣脱了她妈妈，跑开了。 【归纳总结】 break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂 break down 垮掉；出故障 break into 破门而入 break in 破门而入；打断；插话 break out(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发 4 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas 属于英国的四个

48、国家在某些 领域进行合作。 belong to 属于，是的成员 ：belong to 属于，没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代 词或名词作宾语。 belongings n所有物；财产 【例句】 As is known to us, China is a country belonging to the Third World. 众所周知，中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。 2222 5 Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of

49、 people who took over at different times throughout history 几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。 【单词】 surround vt.包围；围绕 【词块】 be surrounded by 被包围；被.环绕 surround.with.用包围 be surrounded by/with 被包围 surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n.环境 【例句】 (1)Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better. 让一些有正能量的人围绕着你，他们会催你奋进。 (2)Make sure that the people you surround yourself with are positive. 你要确保自己周围是一些积极的人。 (3)The surrounding villages have been included into the growing city. 周围的村庄已经被包括进了那个不断发展的城市。 (4)The buildings have been designe