（新教材）2019新人教版高中英语必修二Unit4词汇表.docx

1、Book 2 Unit 4 1.Confucius / knfjus / n. 孔子 Confucius was a great thinker, educator, and philosopher. 孔子是一位伟大的思想家、教育家和 哲学家。 Confuciuss many words are wisdom. 孔子的很多话都是至理名言。 Temple of Confucius 孔庙（P38） We go to the Confucius Temple and enjoy various lanterns there every yearon Lantern festival. 我们每年元宵节

2、都到孔庙逛花灯。 2.mansion / mnn / n. 公馆；宅第 Ones own shack is better than others mansion. 金窝银窝，不如（自己的）狗窝。 My grandfather spared no expense when he built this mansion. 我祖父建造这座豪宅时不惜一切费用。 Kong Family Mansion 孔府（P38） 3.cemetery / semtri/ n. 墓地；公墓 Cemetery of Confucius 孔林（P38） 4.philosophy / flsfi / n. 哲学 Xiao K

3、ong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy. 小孔正在做一个关于孔子哲学 的研究项目。 （P38） Confucius believed in the so-called “golden rule” of philosophy: Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. 孔子相信所说的哲学“黄金法则”：不要对别人做你不希望别人 对你做的事（己所不欲，勿施于人） 。 a professor of philosophy 哲学教授 a degree i

4、n philosophy 哲学学位 【拓展】 philosopher /flsf(r)/ n. 哲学家 Confucius is one of his favourite philosophers. 孔子是他最喜欢的哲学家之一。 （P38） A certain philosopher has said, Reading makes people wise. 有哲人说过读书使人明智。 5.descendant / dsendnt / n. 后裔；后代；子孙 Confucius has over 3 million descendants. 孔子有三百多万后裔。 （P38） As one of C

5、onfucius descendants, Xiao Kongs name is recorded in the family tree. 作为孔子的 后代之一，小孔的名字写在家谱上。 （P38） They are descendants of the original English settlers. 他们是最初的英格兰定居者的后代。 6.individual / ndvdul / adj. 单独的；个别的 An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual

6、 words. （P39）成语就是一组词，当结合在一起使用时，其意与单个词语所表达的意思均不 相同。 We interviewed each individual member of the community.我们采访了社区中的每个成员。 Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes. 把蔬菜分开盛放在 4 个单独的盘子里。 Tourism is up, jobs are up, individual income is up. 旅游火了，工作机会多了，个人收入涨了。 The United Nations Secretary has s

7、poken of the need for individual freedoms and human right. 联合国秘书长谈到保证个人自由和人权的必要性。 n. 个人 Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems. 有时候我觉得,像这样一个巨大的环境问题,个人是起不了什么作用的。 The competition is open to both teams and individuals. 团队和个人均可参加比赛。 This was a matter

8、 for decision by the individual. 这件事需要个人自己决定。 7.heel / hil / n. 足跟； （脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟 shoes with a low/high heel 低 / 高跟鞋 My new shoe is rubbing my heel. 我的新皮鞋擦痛我的脚后跟。 Achilles / kili:z / heel （喻） （希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 English is his Achilles heel. 英语是他的软肋。 Toms Achilles heel was that he could not believe i

9、n others . 汤姆的致命的弱点是他不信任别人。 8.kingdom / kdm / n. 王国；领域 What are the four countries of the United Kingdom? 英国的四个国家是什么？（P40） The king is the most important person in a kingdom. 国王是王国中最重要的人物。 This is the fight of the kingdom of the mind. 这是思想领域的斗争。 9.chief / tif / adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 According to the text,

10、 what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country? 根据 课文，研究一个国家的历史的两大优势是什么？（P40） the chief cause/problem/reason 主要原因 / 问题 / 理由 the Chief Education Officer 首席教育官 CEO （chief executive/ zekjtv / officer ）总裁；首席执行官 n. （公司或机构的）首领；酋长（复数： chiefs） army/industry/police chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长

11、He had the good fortune to marry off his daughter to the local chief 他很幸运地把女儿嫁给了当地首领。 10.puzzle / pzl / n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 稍微了解一下英 国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。 （P40） a word puzzle 字谜 I cant answer that puzzle; I give up. 我猜不出这个谜语，我认输了。

12、 It took him only ten minutes to solve the puzzle. 他解这道题仅仅用了十分钟。 The firemen were in a puzzle about the cause of the fire. 消防队员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。 vt. 迷惑；使困惑 What puzzles him is why that movie is so popular. 令他不解的是，为什么那部电影如此受欢迎。 That question continues to puzzle scientists. 那个问题继续困扰着科学家们。 puzzle over/abou

13、t sth 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 Ill puzzle over/about the problem and give you an answer tomorrow. 我会仔细考虑这个问题，明天给你答复。 You neednt puzzle over/about every single word or phrase in the book. 这本书用不着一字一句地抠。 puzzle out (=work out) 琢磨出的答案 I just cant puzzle out why theyre so angry with me. 我就是想不通他们为何对我那么生气。 At last they m

14、anaged to puzzle out the answer to the problem themselves. 最后他们终于自行寻找到问题的答案。 【拓展】 （1）puzzling /pzl/ adj. 令人迷惑的；令人困惑的 These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。 The situation there was more puzzling than ever. 那里的局势比从前更令人迷惑不解了。 （2）puzzled /pzld/ adj. 人感到困惑的；迷惑不解的 The puzzling problem made me puzzle

15、d. 这个令人困惑的问题使得我很困惑。 Im puzzled about this situation. 我对这种情况感到迷惑。 I felt a little bit puzzled to be asked such a question. 被问了这样一个问题，我有点迷惑不解。 I am puzzled how the world came into being. 我对世界的形成迷惑不解。 She had a puzzled look on her face. 她满面迷惑的表情。 11.nearby / nba/ adj. 附近的；邻近的 In the 16th century, the n

16、earby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 在 16 世 纪，附近的威尔士与英格兰王国联合了起来。 （P40） Her mother lived in a nearby town. 她母亲住在附近一个小镇上。 We lay special stress on developing good-neighbourly relations with nearby countries. 我们特别重视发展同邻近国家的睦邻关系。 adv. 在附近 The car is parked nearby. 车就停在附近。 Though

17、they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly 虽然他们都住在附近，但我很快与他们失去了联系。 12.join . to. 把和连接或联结起来 Join one section of pipe to the next. 将一段管子与相邻的管子连接起来。 The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 这个岛有一座桥与大陆相连。 13.break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 Finally, in the 20th century, the

18、southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 最后， 在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰 联合王国。 （P40） The southern states wanted to break away from the union so a war broke out. 南部诸州想要脱离联邦于是一

19、场战争爆发了。 What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position? 我们能做什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？ It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends. 他和他的好朋友们决裂是错误的。 In order to improve your study, you should first break away from your bad study habits. 为了提高你的学习，你首先应该改掉你的坏的学习习惯。 The thief trie

20、d to break away from the policeman, but he failed. 小偷尽力从警察手中挣脱，但他失败了。 14.belong /bl/ vi. 应在（某处） ；适应 belong to 属于；是的成员；是的一部分（不能用于进行时态和被动语态） The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 同属于联合 王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。 （P40） Cultural relics and natural scenery belong to ev

21、eryone, including the generations to come. 文化遗产和自然风景属于每一个人，包括我们的后代。 This house belongs to John. 这栋房子是约翰的. We belong to the new club. 我们是这个新俱乐部的成员. Which computer does the mouse belong to? 这个鼠标是哪一台电脑的？ 【拓展】 belonging /bl/ n. U 归属； （常用复数）附属品；所有物；财物 a sense of belonging 一种归属感 I put a few personal belon

22、gings in a bag. 我把几件私人物品装进包中. I rescued my belongings from the flood. 我把财物从洪水中抢救出来。 15.as well as 同（一样也） ；和；还 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有相同的货币和国防一样， 他们也使用同一面国旗 （称为“英国国旗”） 。 （P40） They visited some factories, hospitals

23、as well as the school. 他们参观了这所学校，还参观了工厂和医院。 As well as going to movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. 和朋友一起去看电影和踢足球，我花了很多时间和宠物在一起。 【注意】 as well as 是连词，连接两个并列成分。如果连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与其前 面的名词或代词保持一致。 Tom, as well as his friends, goes skating every Saturday. 每个星

24、期六，汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 The old couple as well as their son like this film. 这对老夫妇连同他们的儿子喜欢这部电影。 【拓展】 as well 也；又；还（为副词性短语，通常放在句末） Id like a cup of coffee，and a glass of water as well我要一杯咖啡，还要一杯水。 1 want to go to the cinema tonight， and he wants to as well 我今晚上想去看电影， 他也想去。 【辨析】as well，too，also，either as we

25、ll，too，also,和 either，都用作副词，意思均为“也” 。 1.as well 一般用于肯定句，通常放在句末，一般不用逗号隔开。 I have been to the World Expo as well我也去过世博会。 2.too 用于肯定句，一般置于句末，可以用逗号隔开。 I have been to the World Expo too. 我也去过世博会。 I have been to the World Expo，too. 我也去过世博会。 3.also 用于肯定句，常位于实义动词之前，be 动词、助动词和情态动词之后。 I have also been to the W

26、orld Expo我也去过世博会。 4.either 用于否定句，且常位于句末。 I have not been to the World Expo，either我也没去过世博会。 16.currency / krnsi / n. 通货；货币 trading in foreign currencies 买卖外汇 Tourism is the countrys top earner of foreign currency. 旅游业是该国外汇创收最多的行业。 Youll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credi

27、t card. 你将需要一些当地的货币现金，但也可使用信用卡。 17.military / mltri / adj. 军事的；军用的 military training 军训 military uniform 军服 We may have to take military action. 我们可能不得不采取军事行动。 The United States could claim to be both a military and an economic superpower. 美国在军事和经济上都称得上是超级大国。 But it is a military chemical weapon. 但是

28、那是军用的化学武器。 18.defence / dfens / n. 防御；保卫 The soldiers died in defence of their country.这些战士为保卫祖国而献身。 The town walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks. 城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。 The immune system is our main defence against disease. 人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病的主要屏障。 the Department of Defense 国防部 【拓展】 defend / dfe

29、nd / vt. 防御；保护；保卫 Troops have been sent to defend the borders. 已派出部队去守卫边疆。 defend from/against保卫.以免受 All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 The Great Wall was once used to defend against military aggression. 长城曾用来防御军事侵略。 19.legal /li:l/ adj

30、. 法律的；合法的 For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. 例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存 在着差异。 （P40） He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。 Everyone must earn money in the legal way. 每个人必

31、须用合法的方式挣钱。 Gambling is legal in some countries. 在某些国家赌钱是合法的。 【拓展】 （1）legally adv. 法律上；合法地 The school is legally responsible for your childs safety. 学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。 If you find a job, make sure you are employed legally. 找工作时，确保你是合法雇用的。 （2）illegal /li:gl/ adj. 不合法的；违法的 Now it is illegal to drive wh

32、en you are drunk. 现在醉酒开车是违法的。 For a teacher to hit a child is not just morally wrong but also illegal. 对一个老师来说，打孩子不仅是不道德的，而且是违法的。 （3）illegally adv. 不法地 Drivers who park their cars illegally should be punished. 非法停车的司机应当予以惩处。 （注意：以字母 l 开头的形容词或副词，其反义词加前缀 il-） 20.surround / srand / vt. 围绕；包围 Almost eve

33、rywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 在英国的几乎所有地方， 你都发 现有四批不同的人在整个历史的不同时期占据政权的痕迹。 （P40） Tall trees surround the lake. 环湖都是大树。 Police surrounded the building. 警方包围了那栋房子。 Surround yourself wit

34、h good people who love you and inspire you. 让在你周围的爱你和鼓舞你的人。 be surrounded with/by 被围绕；包围 The lake is surrounded with/by trees. 湖边树木环绕。 When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers. 当汽车停在城镇广场时立刻被士兵包围了。 We saw a garden surrounded by high brick walls. 我们看到一个四周有高高的砖墙环绕的花园。 【拓展】

35、surrounding/ srand / adj. 周围的;附近的 The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city. 周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市。 The pond mirrors the surrounding trees. 那个池塘映出周围的树木。 n. (多用复数)环境;周围的事物 Generally children are better able to adapt to the new surroundings. 一般地，小孩更能适应周 围的新环境。 The lake is surrounded wi

36、th trees and so its surrounding area looks beautiful. And Id like to bring up my children in such healthy surroundings. 那个湖被树木环绕着，因此它周围的地区看上去 很漂亮。我乐意在这样健康的环境中抚养我的孩子们。 21.evidence /evdns/ n. 证据；证明 We found further scientific evidence for this theory. 我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。 We have no firm evidence to s

37、upport the case.我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。 I was asked to give evidence at the trial. 我被要求出庭作证。 【拓展】 （1）evident /evdnt/ adj. 明显的；显然的 There are two evident advantages of this method. 这种方法有两个明显的优点。 Its evident to me that they have no experience in this work. 在我看来,他们干这项工作没有经验是显而易见的。 （2）evidently /evdntli/ adv. 明

38、显地，显而易见 Evidently, he has fallen in love with Miss Green. 显然, 他爱上了格林小姐。 22.achievement /t i:vmnt/ n. 成就；成绩；达到 Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. 他们的一些伟大成就包 括修建城镇和道路。 （P40） They were proud of their childrens achievements.他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。 Only the achievement of these go

39、als will bring lasting peace. 只有达成这些目标才会带来持久的和平。 【拓展】 achieve /ti:v/ vt. 取得; 获得; 实现; 成功 He had finally achieved success.他终于获得了成功。 We must work hard to achieve our goals. 我们必须努力实现我们的目标。 【高考链接】 Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _ (achieve) （2016 全国卷 II） 答案： achi

40、evement 句意：然后，先解决最重要的问题，因此你会有真正的成就感。介词 后应填名词 achievement。a sense of achievement 意为“成就感” 。 23.location / lken / n. 地方；地点；位置 The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. 维京人于公元 8 世纪到来，留下了许多新词汇，同时也留下了 英国各地的地名。 （P41） The

41、company is moving to a new location. 公司准备迁移新址。 The rescue workers needed the precise location of the crash. 救援人员需要知道飞机失事的确切地点。 It is a suitable location for a new school. 那是建一所新学校的合适地点。 【拓展】 locate /lket/ v. 使位于；确定的准确地点 They located their headquarters in Beijing . 他们把总部设在了北京。 Rescue planes are tryin

42、g to locate the missing sailors. 救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。 be located in / at / to 位于；坐落在 The country is located in the northern part of Europe. 这个国家位于北欧。 The factory is located at the foot of a hill. 工厂坐落在山脚下。 He lives in a small town located in the south of Chicago. 他住在位于芝加哥以南的一个小镇。 24.conquer / kk(r) /

43、vt. 占领；征服；控制 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. 他们在 11 世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。 （P41） When will scientists conquer the stars?科学家什么时候能征服恒星呢? Human beings are learning to conquer all kinds of natural disasters. 人类正在学会征服各种自然灾害。 I believe that we can conquer c

44、ancer totally some day. 我相信我们总有一天能够完全战胜癌症。 There is always one thing to conquer another. 一物降一物。 25.battle /b tl/ n. 战役；搏斗 the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 fight a long battle against cancer 同癌症的长期斗争 a battle for survival 一场生死斗 With the support of the world, we have the full confidence and capability to

45、win the battle against the virus. 在全世界人民的支持下，我们完全有信心、有能力打赢这场疫情防控阻击 战。 It is a battle of the people and by the people. China must rely on the people to win the battle . When the whole nation stands together, with scientific prevention and cures, and precise policies, victory for the people is assured

46、. 这是一场人民战争。中国必须依靠人民赢得胜利。当全国人 民团结起来，用科学的方法预防和治疗，以及精准的政策，胜利一定属于人民。 vi. 极感兴趣的 This child was fascinated by the plots in the novel. 这个小孩被小说的情节吸引住了。 More and more foreigners are fascinated with Chinese culture. 越来越多的外国人对中国文化非常入迷。 （2）fascinate /f snet/ v. 深深吸引;迷住 This kind of movie has always fascinated h

47、im. 这类电影总是使他着迷。 The beauty of the place fascinated the visitors. 这里的美丽风光把游客们迷住了。 The idea of travelling through time fascinates the young man. 穿越时光旅行的想法深深吸引着那个年轻人。 The private lives of movie stars never fail to fascinate. 电影明星的私生活总为人所津津乐道。 （3）fascination /f snen/ n. 魅力;极大的吸引力;着迷 This might be the fa

48、scination of the new technology. 这或许就是这种新技术的魅力所在。 Chemistry holds a great fascination for me. 化学深深地吸引了我。 The girls listened to the story in fascination. 小女孩都入迷地听故事。 28.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its pre

49、sent. 如果你留心观察，你会惊讶地发现你既可以看到它的过去，也可以看到它的现在。 （P41） My hope is that you should always work hard and keep your eyes open for lucky opportunities. 我的希望就是，你们要始终努力工作并留心抓住好机会。 While you are checking the animals, keep your eyes open for any signs of disease .在为这些动物 做检查的时候，留心有没有疾病的迹象。 29.charge /t:d/ n. U主管，掌管 in charge 主管；负责 Whos in charge here? 这儿谁管事啊？ in charge of 负责/掌管（主语通常为人） in the charge of 由负责/掌管（主语通常为物） Mr. Zhang was in charge of the project. 张先生负责这项工程。 The project was in the charge of Mr. Zhang. 这项工程是由张先生负责的。 take charge of 负责/掌管 He took charge of the farm after his fathers death.父亲死后，他接管