2019年高考北京卷英语试卷及答案解析（精编解析版,word版）.doc

1、20192019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试( (北京卷北京卷) ) 英英 语语 ( (考试时间考试时间:100:100 分钟分钟 试卷满分试卷满分:120:120 分分) ) 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分第一部分: :知识运用知识运用( (共两节，共两节，4545 分分) ) 第一节第一节 语法填空语法填空( (共共 1010 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，共分，共 1515 分分) ) A 阅

2、读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _1_(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends? She handed me advice. Be yourself. For the past 20 years. I have lived by thes

3、e words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously _2_ (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words Be yourself. 【答案】1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。作者一年级对交友感到困惑，妈妈的建议 Be yourself 让他受益终身。 【1 题详解】 考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的 voice

4、是动词，“表达”的 意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去式。故填 voiced。 【2 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。分 析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是 I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现 在分词作状语。故填 facing。 【3 题详解】 考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主 语是 I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填 myself。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅

5、填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Earth Day， _4_(mark)on 22 April， is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated _5_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地 区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way t

6、o get involved in various _6_(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save powerthe possibilities are endless. 【答案】4. marked 5. in 6. activities 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。 【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于 4 月 22 日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可 知，设空处是要做名词 E

7、arth Day 的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填 marked。 【5 题详解】 考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在 1970 年。如今，这一天的活动遍及 190 多个国家和地区。在年份前要用 介词 in。故填 in。 【6 题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词 various 可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填 activities。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Does the name of the

8、college you attend really matter？Research on the question _7_(suggest)that，for most students，it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of th

9、e colleges chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _10_(meaning)college experience. 【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who

10、/that 10. meaningful 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术 生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。 【7 题详解】 考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果， 所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填 suggests/suggested/has suggested。 【8 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表 示地点，作状语。故用 where。 【9 题

11、详解】 考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_3_ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填 who 或 that。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词。这里与前面的 healthy 并列，修饰后面的名词 college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填 meaningful。 第二节第二节 完形填空完形填空( (共共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，共分，共 3030 分分) ) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的阅

12、读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C、D D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。题卡上将该项涂黑。 Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been _11_ free rid

13、es to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started _12_ his car to the young people. Wilson has _13_ am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous _14_ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who hes _15_ have gone on to

14、 become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what theyve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students _16_ call him Grandpa. Tina Stern _17_ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just fr

15、ee _18_. “Its not just a ride； youre not just sitting there in _19_ silence or with your headphones on. Stern said. He asks you questions and actually _20_ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, hell _21_ those things.“ Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of

16、 the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the _22_ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes _23_ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration. Wilson is there to _24_ them. If they run out of

17、certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase whats needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never _25_ to buy them a meal. For many students, Wilsons help is not only appreciated, its also entirely _26_ for them to be able to co

18、mplete their college education. Some students dont have a reliable car, while others have to _27_ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has _28_ them to complete their education but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the _29_. I just love drivin

19、g and I love these kids, “Wilson said. “Its such a(n) _30_ to be a part of these kids lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.“ 11. A. linking B. sending C. offering D. distributing 12. A. donating B. lending C. delivering D. volunteering 13. A. paved B. cove

20、red C. measured D. wandered 14. A. arguments B. interviews C. negotiations D. conversations 15. A. met B. driven C. addressed D. conversations 16. A. even B. ever C. once D. already 17. A. earned B. received C. assessed D. demanded 18. A. transportation B. style C. time D. communication 19. A. force

21、d B. awkward C. ridiculous D. suspicious 20. A. selects B. recites C. guesses D. remembers 21. A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on 22. A. club B. league C. college D. programme 23. A. far B. around C. beyond D. forwards 24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warm 25. A. expects B. attempts C.

22、manages D. hesitates 26. A. extra B. unusual C. necessary D. adequate 27. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange 28. A. required B. allowed C. reminded D. convinced 29. A. experience B. arrangement C. appreciation D. employment 30. A. effort B. ambition C. privilege D. convenience 【答案】11. C 12. D 13

23、. B 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了 76岁的 Paul Wilson 八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。 【11 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. linking连接；B. sending 寄送； C. offering 提供；D. distributing 分配。根据第一段可知， Paul Wilson 确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson 给

24、那些学生提供免费的乘 车服务。故 C 选项正确。 【12 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. donating 捐献，捐赠；B. lending 借出；C. delivering 发表，投递；D. volunteering自 愿。根据上文中的free rides可知，Wilson 是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故 D选项正确。 【13 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. paved铺设，安排；B. covered 行走，覆盖；C. measured 测量，判断；D. wandered 徘徊， 漫步。Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程 64,000英里。表示行走一段路程，应用 cove

25、r。故 B 选项正确。 【14 题详解】 考查名词辨析。 A. arguments 争论； B. interviews 接见， 采访； C. negotiations 谈判； D. conversations 谈话。 Wilson 在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的谈话，交谈，故 D选项正确。 【15 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. met 遇见；B. driven 驾车，开车；C. addressed 从事，忙于，写地址；D. greeted 问候， 迎接。根据上文可知，Wilson 每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。 该空应该对应上一句中的he

26、 transports to and from school， drive 意为驾车送（人）。故 B 选项正确。 【16 题详解】 考查副词辨析。A. even甚至；B. ever永远，曾经；C. once 一次，曾经；D. already已经。这些学生将 Wilson 当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为爷爷。该空表示递进，故 A选项正确。 【17 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. earned获得；B. received 收到；C. assessed 评估；D. demanded 要求。根据后面的介词 from 可以推知，Tina Stern 从 Wilson 那儿获得免费的乘车机会。故 B选

27、项正确。 【18 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A .transportation 运输，运送；B. style 风格，类型；C. time 时间，次数；D. communication 交流。对 Tina Stern 来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation意为运送。故 A 选项正确。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. forced 强迫的；B. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的；C. ridiculous 可笑的；D. suspicious 可疑 的，怀疑的。Tina说：那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着 耳麦坐在那儿。 坐在车

28、里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故 B选项正确。 【20 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A .selects选择；B. recites 背诵；C. guesses猜测；D. remembers 记住，记得。每次坐车 的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故D 选项正确。 【21 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。A. act on 对起作用；B. settle on定居，决定；C. check on 检查，核实；D. agree on 对取得一致意见。在坐车的时候，Wilson 会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车 的时候， Wilson 会检查上次提到的这些东

29、西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson 会利用这个机会了解考查学 生们的学习情况。故 C 选项正确。 【22 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. club俱乐部；B. league 联盟，社团；C. college 大学；D. programme 项目，计划。Wilson 最初通过一个非盈利组织 On Point for College 的一个项目作了一名司机。 该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子 们上下学。根据上句中的student-support programme可知，D选项正确。 【23 题详解】 考查副词辨析。A. far远地；B. around到处；C. beyond 更远处，超过；D. f

30、orwards 向前。结合下文中提到 的If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to _ them. If they run out ofIf a student gets hungry可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故 C选项正确。 24 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. assist帮助；B. watch 观看；C. urge 强烈要求；D. warm使温暖。如果孩子们在登记方面 有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们（解决相关的问题） 。故 A 选项正确。 【25 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. expects

31、期望；B. attempts 试图；C. manages 经营，设法；D. hesitates 犹豫。从上文举的例 子可知，该部分都表达的是 Wilson 对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候， Wilson 都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故 D选项正确。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. extra额外的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. necessary必需的；D. adequate 充足的，适当的。 根据下文中Some students dont have a reliable car, while others.For them, riding

32、 with Wilson has _ them to complete their education可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐 Wilson 的车对于他们完成大学教 育来说是必需的。故 C 选项正确。 【27 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. share分享；B. fuel加燃料；C. repair 修理；D. exchange 交换。有的学生没法得到可靠的 汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示共用，需用 share。故 A选项正确。 【28 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. required 需要；B. allowed允许；C. reminded 提醒，使想起

33、；D. convinced 说服，使信服。 乘坐 Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。 表示使得某人做某事， 使某人能够做某事应该用 allow sb. to do sth.。故 B 选项正确。 【29 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. experience 经历，经验；B. arrangement 安排；C. appreciation欣赏，感激；D. employment 雇用，使用。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的经历中受益颇多。A选项正确。 【30 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. effort努力；B. ambition 雄心，志向；C. privilege 荣幸，特权，优待；D

34、. convenience 方 便，便利。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的经历中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听 到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的荣幸，故 C选项正确。 第二部分第二部分: :阅读理解阅读理解( (共两节，共两节，4040 分分) ) 第一节第一节( (共共 1515 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，共分，共 3030 分分) ) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A A、B B、C C、D D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。涂黑。 A A Want to explore

35、 new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA，youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区). We work w

36、ith volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers. Depending

37、on which role you choose，you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water， or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers. Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally， youll also learn new

38、skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends. This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes: Country Schedule 4-week programmes 7-week programmes Algeria 5 Jul.- 1Aug. 20Jun. -7Aug. Egypt 24 Jul-20 Aug. 19Jun.-6 Aug.

39、Kenya 20 Jul.-16Aug. 18 Jun.-5 Aug. South Africa 2Aug.-29 Aug. 15 Jun.-2Aug. GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. There is no other chance like a GD

40、A programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities. Find out more about joining a GDA programme: Website:www.glodeve.org Email:humanresourcesglodeve.org 31. What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers? A. To seek local partners

41、 B. To take in young volunteers C. To carry out programmes D. To foster cultural awareness 32. The programme beginning in August will operate in . A. Egypt B. Algeria C. Kenya D. South Afria 33. The shared goal of GDAs projects to . A. explore new cultures B. protect the environment C. gain corporat

42、e benefit D. help communities in need 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D 【解析】 本文是一则广告。Global Development Association(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在这里能探 索新的文化,结识新朋友,同时做一些值得的事。文章为 GDA 招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中 Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase .,or help to proje

43、ctYou might also design.可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以 帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判 断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中 4-week programmes 中的最后 一个 South Africa 2 Aug-29 Aug，可知八月在南非开始，答案选 D。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。题干问 GDA 的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据第一段 youll create positive changes in a p

44、oor and remote community.和倒数第二段中 All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities 可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选 D。 B B Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions o

45、f dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth，instead of destroying them. It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of m

46、issing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it?“ With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentis

47、ts about what a healthier candy would contain. With her dads permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in makin

48、g a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria. Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moores product-Cancandy. As CanCand

49、ys success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal