初中英语易混词汇辨析（共114组）（中考必备知识）.docx

1、1 初中英语易混词汇辨析初中英语易混词汇辨析 1.clothes, cloth, clothing1.clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数 cloth 指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of 2.incident, accident2.incident, accident incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident. 3.amount, number3.amount, number

2、 amount 后接不可数名词， number 后接可数名词 a number of students 4.sound, voice, noise4.sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各种各样的声音， voice 人的嗓音， noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside. 5.photo, picture, drawing5.photo, picture, drawing photo 用照相机拍摄的照片， picture 可指相片，图片，电影片， drawing 画的画 Lets go and see a good picture. 6.

3、weather, climate6.weather, climate weather 一天内具体的天气状况， climate 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 7.road, street, path, way7.road, street, path, way road 具体的公路，马路， street 街道， path 小路，小径， way 道路，途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 8.course, subject8.course, sub

4、ject course 课程（可包括多门科目） ， subject 科目（具体的学科）a summer course 9.custom, habit9.custom, habit custom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do， habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot. 10.cause, reason10.cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth， reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接 for sth.

5、/doing sth.the reason for being late 11.exercise, exercises, practice11.exercise, exercises, practice exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数） ， exercises 练习（可数） ， practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect. 12.class, lesson12.class, lesson 作课解时,两者可以替换.指课文用 lesson. 2 指班级或全体学生用 class.lesson 6; class 5 13.speech, talk, lectu

6、re13.speech, talk, lecture speech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说， talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话， lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on 14.work, job14.work, job 二者均指工作。work 不可数，job 可数 a good job 15.couple, pair15.couple, pair couple 主要指人或动物， pair 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 16.country, nation, state, lan16.country

7、, nation, state, land d country 侧重指版图，疆域，nation 指人民，国民，民族，state 侧重指政府，政体，land 国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 17.cook, cooker17.cook, cooker cook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He is a good cook. 18.damage, damages18.damage, damages damage 不可数名词,损害，损失; damages 复数形式,赔偿金 $900 damages 19.police, policeman19.

8、police, policeman police 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 20.problem, question20.problem, question problem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise，question 常和疑问 连系，多和 ask, answer 连用 21.trip, journey, travel21.trip, journey, travel travel 是最常用的，trip

9、 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途， a three-day trip 22.sport22.sport, game, game sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等； game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 23.price, prize23.price, prize price 价格，prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 24.a number of, the number of24.a number of,

10、the number of a number of 许多，谓语动词用复数。 the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。 The number of students is increasing. 25.in front of, in the front of25.in front of, in the front of in front of 范围外的前面， in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 26.for a moment, for the moment26.for a moment, for the

11、 moment for a moment 片刻，一会儿， for the moment 暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 27.next year, the next year27.next year, the next year next year 将来时间状语，the next year 过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 28.more than a year, more than one year28.more than a year, more than one year

12、3 more than a year 一年多，more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等） 29.take advice, take the(ones) advice29.take advice, take the(ones) advice take advice 征求意见，take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 30.take air, take the air30.take air, take the air take air 传播，走漏，take the air 到户外去，

13、散步 31.in a word, in words31.in a word, in words in a word 总之，一句话， in words 口头上 In a word, you are right. 32.in place of, in the place of32.in place of, in the place of in place of 代替，in the place of 在地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 33.in secret, in the secret33.in secret, in

14、the secret in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密， 一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 34.go to sea, by sea, by the sea34.go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea 当海员，出航， by sea 乘船，由海路， by the sea 在海边 go by sea 35.the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher35.t

15、he doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师， the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 36.in office, in the office36.in office, in the office in office 在职的，in the office 在办公室里 He is in office, not out ofoffice. 37.in bed, on the bed

16、37.in bed, on the bed in bed 卧在床上，on the bed 在床上 The book is on the bed.Heis ill in bed. 38.in charge of, in the charge of38.in charge of, in the charge of in charge of 管理，负责照料，in the charge of 由照料 He is in charge of thematter. The matter is in the charge of her. 39.in class, in the class39.in class

17、, in the class in class 在课上，in the class 在班级里 He is the best student inthe class. 40.on fire, on the fire40.on fire, on the fire on fire 着火,on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 41.out of question, out of the question41.out of question, out of the question out of question 毫

18、无疑问的，out of the question 不可能的 42.a second, the second42.a second, the second a second 又一，再一，the second 第 He won the second prize. 43.it, one43.it, one it 同一物体，one 同类不同一 I lost my pen.I have to buy a new one. 44.that, this44.that, this 4 that 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的 I was ill.Thats why 45.none, noth45

19、.none, nothing, no oneing, no one none 强调有多少，nothing, no one 强调有没有，nothing 指物，no one 指人- How many /How much? - None. 46.anyone, any one46.anyone, any one anyone 指人，不能接 of，any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you 47.who, what47.who, what who 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 48.what, wh

20、ich48.what, which what 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 49.not a little, not a bit49.not a little, not a bit not a little 非常，not a bit 一点也不 Im not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。 50.by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself50.by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of ones

21、elf by oneself 单独的，独自的，for oneself 为自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself. 51.high, highly51.high, highly high 具体的高，highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of 52.healthy, healthful52.healthy, healthful healthy 健康的，健壮的，healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise 53.sleeping, asleep, sleepy53.

22、sleeping, asleep, sleepy sleeping 正在睡觉，asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语， sleepy 困的，有睡意的 asleeping baby The baby is asleep.Im sleepy. 54.gold, golden54.gold, golden gold 指真金制品，golden 指金色的，但金鱼用 gold fish a gold ring 55.most, mostly55.most, mostly most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly 大部分,是副词 most people

23、, the people are mostly 56.real, true56.real, true real 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实 际情况相符合 real gold, a true story 57.respectful, respectable57.respectful, respectable respectful 尊敬，有礼貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 58.pleasant, pleased, pleasing58.pleasant, pleased,

24、pleasing pleasant 常用作定语，pleased, pleasing 常用作表语， pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip ispleasing. 59.understanding, understandable59.understanding, understandable understanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 60.close, closely60.c

25、lose, closely close 接近，靠近，closely 紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, standclose 61.ill, sick61.ill, sick 5 ill 做表语，sick 定，表均可 a sick boy 62.good, well62.good, well good 形容词，well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 63.quiet, silent, still63.quiet, silent, still quiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent 不发出声音，但可以动，still 完全不动，完全

26、无声响 He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 64.able, capable64.able, capable able 与不定式 to do 连用，capable 有能力的常与 of 连用 He is capable of cooking 65.almost, nearly65.almost, nearly 二者均为几乎,差不多和否定词连用 almost almost nobody 66.late, lately66.late, lately late 迟，晚，lately 最近，近来 还可以做形容词，最新的 I havent seen him late

27、ly(recently). 67.living, alive, live, lively67.living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live 均为活着的，living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只 能做定语，lively 意为活泼的 all the living people=all the people alive 68.deep, deeply68.deep, deeply deep 具体的深，deeply 抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 69.worth, worthy69.wort

28、h, worthy 二者均为值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done, of being done It is worth visiting.= Its worthy to be visited.= Its worthy of being visited. 70.happy, glad70.happy, glad happy 高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad 高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl 71.instead, instead of71.instead, instead of instead 是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of 是介词短

29、语，放在句中 He didnt see a film.Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 72.raise, rise72.raise, rise raise 及物动词，rise 不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. 73.bring, take, 73.bring, take, carry, fetchcarry, fetch bring 拿来，take 带走，carry 随身携带，fetch 去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk 74.join, jo

30、in in, take part in74.join, join in, take part in join 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in 参加小型的活动, join sb.in；take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army fiveyears ago. 75.learn, study75.learn, study learn 学习，侧重学习的结果，study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究 76.want, hope, wish76.want, hope, wish want 打算，想要，want to do, want sb.to do,ho

31、pe 希望（通常可以实现） ，hope to do/ hope that wish 希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) todo, wish sb/sth.+ n.I wish you success. 77.discover, invent, find out77.discover, invent, find out discover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent 发明本来不存在的物体，find out 发 现，查明 At last he found out the truth 78.leave, leave for78.leave, leave for 6 leave

32、 离开，leave for 前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 79.rob, steal79.rob, steal rob 抢劫 rob sb.of sth.，steal 偷 steal sth.from sb. 80.search, search for80.search, search for search 后接地点，search for 后接东西 He searched his pocket for money 81.win, lose, beat81.win, lose, beat win 后接 sth.，反义词为 lose, beat 后接 sb.wi

33、n the game, beat them 82.live on, live by82.live on, live by live on 以为主食，live by 靠谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing 83.beat,hit, strike83.beat,hit, strike beat 连续性地击打；hit 打中，对准打；strike 打一下或若干下 84.be tired of, be tiredwith/from84.be tired of, be tiredwith/from be tired of 厌烦，be tired with/from 因为而累了

34、be tired with/from running 800 meters 85.care about, care for85.care about, care for care about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意 He doesnt care about his clothes.I dont care formovies. 86.catch a cold, have a cold86.catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold 不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而 have a cold 可以 She ha

35、s had a cold for a week. 87.change for, change into87.change for, change into change for 调换成，change into 变成 Changethe shirt for a bigger one.Water changes into ice. 88.continue, last88.continue, last 二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动 The warcontinued/lasted five years.The story is to be continued.

36、90.feed, raise90.feed, raise feed 喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)， raise 饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family 91.insist on, stick to91.insist on, stick to insist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing, stick to 坚持,后常接 sth.stick to the plan 92.mean to do, mean doing92.mean to do, mean doing mean to do 打算，想要

37、做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着 By this I mean giving thestudents more practice. 93.die from, die of93.die from, die of die from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿， 寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 94.pay for, pay back, pay off94.pay for, pay back, pay off pay for 为付钱，pay back 还钱，但不一定还清， payoff 还

38、清 payfor the book, pay off the debt(债务) 95.grow, plant95.grow, plant grow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去， plant 移植， 移栽已经长成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing 96.manage, try96.manage, try manage to do 设法做成了某事，try to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 97.choose, select97.choose, select

39、 choose 凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 7 choose the best answer 98.build, put up, set up, found98.build, put up, set up, found build 一般用语，建成，put up 临时搭建，set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全） ， found 国家或组织的建成 putup a tent, set up a school 99.be familiar to, be familiar with99.be familiar to, be familiar with be famil

40、iar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 Thebook is familiar to me.Im familiar with the book. 100.receive, accept100.receive, accept receive 收到某一东西， 但不一定接受， accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it. 101.wear, put on, dress101.wear, put on, dress wear 和 dress 表状态,wear 接衣服等,可用进行时，dress 接人,

41、be dressed in, put on 表动 作 Its coldoutside.Put on your warm clothes. 102.list102.listen, hearen, hear listen 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing. 103.look, see, watch103.look, see, watch look 看的动作，see 看的结果，watch 强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展 watch TV 104.lie, lay104.lie, lay lie 躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied

42、, lied)，lay 平放(laid, laid) lay the book 105.work as, act as105.work as, act as work as 工作是，act as 充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色 He works as a teacher.He acts as an interpreter. 106.hurt, injure, wound106.hurt, injure, wound hurt 感情上受伤，injure 事故中受伤，wound 战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war. 107.turn, get, grow107.tu

43、rn, get, grow turn表突变， 后常接表颜色的词， get强调变的结果， grow强调过程， 逐渐的变化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big 108.close108.close, shut, turn off, shut, turn off close 和 shut 当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体， turn off 用于指有开关的物体 Close/Shut the door.Turn off the TV. 109.set out, set about, set off109.set out, set about, set off 指出发，着

44、手时，set out 后接 to do，set about 后接 doing, set off 后接 for sp. 110.at work, in work110.at work, in work at work 在工作，在上班，in work 有职业，有工作 Both my parents are at work.They are not at home. 111.increase to, increase by111.increase to, increase by increase to 增长到，increase by 增长了The number increased by 2,000

45、to 5,000. 112.day after day, day by day112.day after day, day by day day after day 日复一日（无变化） ；day by day 一天天地（有变化） Trees grow taller day by day. 113.after, in (113.after, in (表时间表时间) ) after 接时间点，in 接时间段 after 7:00, in five minutes 11114 4.eitheror& neithernor & not onlybut also & bothand.eitheror& neithernor & not onlybut also & bothand 误 Either he or I are right. 正 Either he or I am right. 前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both and的谓语动词则要用复数.