2022届高考（统考版）英语人教版一轮复习教学案：板块4 第1讲　冠词 （含解析）.doc

1、第 1 讲 冠词 前沿最新动态 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1(2020 全国卷)The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化) 2(2019 全国卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 3(2019 全国卷) When we got a c

2、all saying she was short- listed，we thought it was a joke. 4 (2018 全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent. 1考查冠词表泛指或 特指的用法； 2考查固定搭配中的 冠词。 短 文 改 错 1(2020 全国卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup w

3、hile I have to eat an apple. thea 2 (2020 全国卷)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.pan 前加 the 3(2019 全国卷) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. football 前加 a 4(2019 全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.ana 1不定冠词 a 和 an

4、的 错用以及它们与 the 的 错用； 2冠词的多余或缺失； 3固定搭配中冠词的 错用。 考点一 不定冠词 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 玉溪第二次联考)Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as a model in New York. 2(2020 济南针对性训练)Although there has been an increasing amount of literature about tea in recent years，such literature is certainly not new. 3(2020 成都模拟)Musical

5、knowledge was a matter of higher learning. 4(2020 济宁三模)I sat next to the man and had an amazing conversation. 5(2020 日照联考)Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is an outstanding and oldfashioned museum. .单句改错 6(2020 肇庆一模)They live far from the school, and it takes them abou

6、t a hour and a half to go to work every day. 第一个 aan/one 7(2020 河南师大附中二模)That accident took place on winter morning of the year 2020 winter 前加 a 8 (2020 沈阳第三次质量监测)I came to the full stop， and we started at each other. thea 9(2020 南昌重点中学段考)Besides，taking a bike is environmentally friendly means of tr

7、ansport. is 后加 an 10(2020 湛江市调研)As the second- year senior student I had to get myself prepared for the College Entrance Examination which was only a year away. 第一个 thea 要点解读 不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有 a 和 an 两种形式。当紧 跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素时，用不定冠词 a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第 一个音素是元音音素时，用不定冠词 an。 1不定冠词的基本用法 (1)用在可数名词单数前，泛指某

8、一类人或物中的任何一个。 It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. 人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。 (2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于 a certain。 Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John? 打扰一下，请你把这个 iPad 给约翰好吗？ Sorry，but I dont think theres a John in our class. 对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。 (3

9、)用在“beofa/an名词”结构中， 表示“同一， 相同”时， 相当于 of the same名词。 The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (of the same kind) 这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。 2不定冠词的活用 (1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。 First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression. 最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能再有机

10、会给别人留下一个第一印象。 (2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前。具体化的抽象名词通常有 success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour 等。 Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。 (3)有些不可数名词如 knowledge，collection，understanding 等后面加 of.时， 前面需用不定冠词 a/an。have a (g

11、ood) knowledge of.“精通”；have a (clear/good) understanding of.“了解”。 If you dont have a good knowledge of English，its out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently. 如果你不精通英语，就不可能灵活流利地运用它！ 3固定搭配中的不定冠词 all of a sudden 突然地 as a matter of fact 事实上 at a loss 不知所措；困惑 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 be/go

12、on a diet 节食 give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 make a fool of 愚弄 in a hurry 匆忙地 make a living 谋生 a waste of.浪费 once in a while 偶尔 keep an eye on 留意；留神 have a gift for 在方面有天赋 have a word with 与谈话 in a way 从某种意义上说 as a result/consequence 因此 with half an ear 心不在焉地听 考点二 定冠词 题组试做 .单句语法填空 1(2020 湛江市高三调研)The young ar

13、tists are working on developing original plays based on traditional Chinese idioms to keep the tradition alive while making it popular again with new ideas. 2(2020 襄阳二次摸底)He decided his toys needed a name, and he chose the name “Lego” 3 (2020 浙江省七彩阳光联盟联考)The most recent figures show coins and notes

14、are used just 34% of the time, down from 63% a decade ago. 4(2020 惠州第二次调研)Being the worlds most popular online battle game, it already has over 200 million players in China. .单句改错 5(2020 广州普通高中第二次综合测试)Flowing through the centre of Guangzhou，the Pearl River plays an important role in the life of city

15、.city 前加 the 6(2020 郑州第三次质量预测)He wanted to order some nice flowers and ask a shop to deliver them to his mother.athe 7(2020 武汉部分学校质量监测)I started playing piano that year.piano 前加 the 8(2020 长春第一次质量监测)Instead，she encouraged me with a smile，saying best way to face failure was to keep trying and that no

16、 success could be achieved without failure.best 前加 the 要点解读 1定冠词的基本用法 (1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。 I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。 (2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。 Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. 我

17、们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。 (3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词 only，very，same 前，以 及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。 As is known to all，the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 This book is the better one of the two. 这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。 易错提醒 a 与 most 连用，位于形容词前时，most

18、是表示程度的副词，意 为“非常”；the 与 most 连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most 是最高级的标志， 意为“最的”。 (4)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen 等)”结构中， 表示 “按计算”。但 size，weight 这类名词与 by 连用时不加定冠词。 He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is， by the kilogram. 他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。 (5)用于“动词(hit，strike

19、，pull，take 等)sb.介词the表示身体部位的 名词”结构中， 其中的 the 不可用物主代词代替。 hit sb.on the head 打某人的头 pull/take sb. by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手 strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸 2固定搭配中的定冠词 at the moment 此刻，目前 by the way 顺便说一下 in the way 阻碍；挡路 in the distance 在远处 not in the least 一点也不 the other day 几天之前 to the point 中肯； 切题 take the p

20、lace of 代替 on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反 on the other hand 另一方面 go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧 in the habit of 有的习惯 make the most/best of 充分利用 to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话 for the time being 暂时 考点三 零冠词 题组试做 单句改错 1(2020 河北邯郸联考)At first, I decided to eat less in order to lose the weight. 删除 the 2(2020

21、 新疆第二次检测)Who is in the charge of the United Nations？ 删除第一个 the 3(2020 石家庄检测一)In the fact, this happens in many places of interest.I have some suggestions to solve this problem. 删除 the 4(2020 成都摸底)Finally the room was tidy again and everything was in the order. 删除 order 前的 the 5(2020 太原三模)Now I have

22、made a progress in listening. 删除 a 6 (2020 大同学情调研)And it has the four roles， including sheng， dan， jing and chou. 删除 the 要点解读 1零冠词的基本用法 (1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可 数名词或复数名词前。 Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature

23、.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分， 因此我们 生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。 The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea. 史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆 住了几天。 (2)名词前已有 this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物 主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。 Each student must hand in his/h

24、er exercise book by the end of this week. 每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。 (3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常不用冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us， “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长彼得 斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛 津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。 ” (4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、 棋

25、类和学科名词前。 Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past. 在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知 识。 2固定搭配中的零冠词 on/catch fire 着火 by mistake 错误地 by chance/accident 碰巧 in history 在历史上 under repair 在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手 do harm to 对有害 on purpose 故意地 in pla

26、ce 在正确位置 in danger 在危险中 in return 作为回报 at present 目前 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 lose heart 灰心 out of control 失控 at dawn/dusk/night 在黎明/黄昏/夜晚 make room for 为让出空间 3有无冠词意义不同的搭配 at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁 at school在上学 at the school在学校 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里 in charge of掌管 in the charge

27、of在掌管之中 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能 【技法点拨】 语法填空中对冠词的考查 1观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词 的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。 2准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。 3理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。 短文改错中对冠词的考查 1做短文改错时首先要看名词是否可数。不可数名词前不加不定冠词，故不 可数名词前的不定冠词为多余；而可数名词前若无冠词，则为冠词缺失，必须添 加相应的冠词。如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词 the。 2做题时要看可数名词或可数名

28、词前修饰词的读音。元音音素前用 an。辅音 音素前用 a。特别注意 useful，hour，honest 等单词的读音。 3牢记冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。 .单句语法填空 1There was _chair by the window.On _ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. a; the 句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一 个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词 a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定 冠词 the。 2I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons be

29、cause we dont have _ Wilson here in the village. the; a 句意：我无法告诉你去往威尔逊家的路，因为我们村子里没有一个叫 威尔逊的人。way 后面有介词短语作定语，是特指，因此 way 前应用定冠词；表 示人名的专有名词Wilson在此泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人”， 所以其前用不定冠词。 3Telling Chinese stories well is _ effective way to raise _ influence of Chinese culture. an; the 句意：讲好中国故事是提高中国文化影响力的有效途径。effectiv

30、e 是一个以元音音素开头的单词，前面使用 an; influence 后面有定语 of Chinese culture，故特指中国文化的影响力。 4In _ era when everyone is from the media, the Internet live broadcast area needs to maintain integrity and become a window into good social trends. an 句意：在一个每个人都来自媒体的时代，网络直播需要保持它的诚实性 和成为一个通向良好社会趋势的窗口。 空格后面的 era 是以一个元音音素开头的单 词，

31、且此处表泛指，故填 an。 5You might not hear any gunshot, but the US has started war against China _biggest trade war in economic history. the 句意：你可能没有听到枪声，但是美国已经发动了对中国的战争经 济史上最大的贸易战。根据后面的形容词最高级可知，前面使用 the。 6Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better. I think its really _ most interesting one. a most 相当于

32、very，表示“非常”，与不定冠词 a 连用。 7In my opinion, we should head east, though the arrow on the sign points to _ west. the 方位词 east, west，south，north 等既可以用作副词也可以用作名词。该 句 head east 结构中， east 用作副词，修饰动词 head。空格处在介词 to 之后， west 在此用作名词。方位名词前通常用定冠词 the。 8Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for man

33、y years，but one thing or another always got in _ way. a; the 句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关儿童的书，但总是被这样或那 样的事情阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二空 in the way 是固定搭配，意 为“挡道”或“阻碍”。 .单句改错 1Miss Zhang teaches the physics to all the students from different grades in the school. _ 删除第一个 the 此处 physics “物理”，是一个表学科的名词，前面不用冠 词。 2On the Ea

34、rth Day, my classmates and I decided to do something for our school. _ 删除 the Earth Day 是一个节日名词，前面不加冠词。少数节日前面加 the， 如农历八月十五中秋节(the Mid- Autumn Festival)，农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。 3We can use the library around a clock since it opens 365 days a year and 24 hours a day. _ 第一个 athe 此处 aroun

35、d the clock “昼夜不停”，是一个固定词组。 4It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. _ 1990s 前加 the 在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词 the。 5At that time, I was having a trouble studying English and my scores fell. _ 删除 a 此处 have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”，是一个固定词 组。 .

36、语法填空 (2020 郑州第三次质量预测)The Chinatown in San Francisco is 1 _(big) in America，and also the oldest.It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.The climate is mild all year round， meaning there is always a good time to visit it. Historically， C

37、hinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.What started 2 _a residential(住宅的) area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.Most of the residents in Chinatown 3 _(be) still Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently

38、.This allows visitors to experience a real taste of China. Most of Chinatown 4 _(destroy) in the 1906 earthquake，but the city and residents rebuilt it ， taking care to include lots of Chinese architecture. 5 _(traditional)，visitors enter Chinatown through the legendary Dragon Gate， which was built u

39、sing materials donated from China.Visitors can also spend hours just 6 _(explore) the interesting sights ， smells and sounds of China.Portsmouth Square， the centre of Chinatown， is also a key site， which has a long and famous history.These days，the square is a great place to see traditional Chinese

40、culture in real life，such as games of Chinese chess and people practising tai chi. The 7 _(store) in Chinatown offer a unique range of souvenirs and other goods.All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found too，and there are Chinese tea shops, 8 _visitors can taste and buy a variety

41、of Chinese tea.But perhaps 9 _many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.There are traditional dishes from all over China to suit everyones taste. Chinatowns are an important part of the diverse culture of the USA.They allow visitors who have never been to China 10 _

42、(experience) traditional Chinese culture first- hand. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旧金山唐人街的相关情况。 1 the biggest 考查形容词的最高级。根据该句中的 and also the oldest 可知， 此处应用形容词的最高级形式作表语，所以填 the biggest。 2as 考查介词。分析句意可知，此处表示“作为”，所以填 as。 3are 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，主 语为 Most of the residents，故谓语动词应用复数形式，又根据该句中的 do 和语境 可知，

43、此处叙述的为现在存在的情况，应用一般现在时，所以填 are。 4was destroyed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， 空处为句子的谓语，与句子的主语 Most of Chinatown 构成被动关系，故用被动语 态，且应为单数形式，又时间状语 in the 1906 earthquake 表过去，故用一般过去时 的被动语态形式，所以填 was destroyed。 5Traditionally 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式，修饰 整个句子，所以填 Traditionally。 6 exploring 考查非谓语动词。 spend time(in) do

44、ing sth.“花费时间做某事” 是固定用法，所以填 exploring。 7stores 考查名词的单复数。store 是可数名词，根据谓语 offer 可知，此处 应用复数形式，所以填 stores。 8where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词 为 Chinese tea shops，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以填 where。 9what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，表示 “的事物” ，所以填 what。 10to experience 考查固定用法。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”是 固定用法，所以填 to

45、 experience。 .短文改错 (2020 南阳联考)There are many different ways to learning English well.The following is my ways to study English. To start with, we have to make a important decision to study English well and never give up.Second, we must do all the homework that the teachers tell you on time.Thirdly,

46、we should read some English books and buy some exercise books to study.Whats more, we can ask for our classmates and teachers where we come across some problems.Dont be afraid of make mistakes. If we can stick these ways every day, we will make great progress than others. 【答案】 There are many differe

47、nt ways to learning learn English well.The following is are my ways to study English. To start with, we have to make a an important decision to study English well and never give up. Second Secondly， we must do all the homework that the teachers tell you us on time.Thirdly, we should read some English books and buy some exercise books to study.Whats more, we can ask for our classmates and teachers where when we come across some problems.Dont be afraid of make making mistakes. If we can stick to these ways every day, we will make great greater progress than others.