人教版八年级下册英语导学课件：Unit 1-3 单元语法归纳与练习.zip

单元语法归纳与练习单元语法归纳与练习 情态动词情态动词shouldshould的用法与反身代词的用法与反身代词 一、情态动词一、情态动词shouldshould的用法的用法 shouldshould是情态动词是情态动词, ,意为意为“应该应该”,”,没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化, ,后跟动词原形后跟动词原形, , 常用来提出建常用来提出建 议。否定句在议。否定句在shouldshould之后加之后加not;not;一般疑问句把一般疑问句把shouldshould提前。其具体用法如下提前。其具体用法如下: : 1.should1.should表示义务或责任。表示义务或责任。 WeWe shouldshould learnlearn fromfrom eacheach other.other.我们应该互相学习。我们应该互相学习。 2.should2.should 表示建议或劝告。表示建议或劝告。 YouYou shouldshould gogo andand askask youryour teacher.teacher.你应该去问问老师。你应该去问问老师。 3.should3.should 表示推断表示推断, ,意为意为“应该应该; ;可能可能”。 TheyThey shouldshould bebe therethere byby now,Inow,I think.think. 我想现在他们都已经到了。我想现在他们都已经到了。 二、反身代词二、反身代词 1.1.概念及组成概念及组成: :反身代词是一种表示反射或强调自己的代词反身代词是一种表示反射或强调自己的代词, ,它们由第一、二人它们由第一、二人 称的物主代词和第三人称的宾格加称的物主代词和第三人称的宾格加-self(-self(单数单数) )或或-selves(-selves(复数复数) )构成。构成。 第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称 单单 数数 myselfmyselfyourselfyourself himself/hersehimself/herse lf/itselflf/itself 复复 数数 ourselvesourselvesyourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselves 2.2.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法: : (1)(1)作宾语作宾语 SheShe isis oldold enoughenough toto makemake a a decisiondecision forfor herself.herself.她长大了她长大了, ,可以自可以自 己做决定了。己做决定了。 (2)(2)作主语或宾语的同位语作主语或宾语的同位语, ,加强语气加强语气 TheThe headmasterheadmaster talkedtalked toto meme himself.(himself.(主语同位语主语同位语) )校长亲自和我谈校长亲自和我谈 了话。了话。 YouYou maymay gogo andand askask thethe teacherteacher himself.(himself.(宾语同位语宾语同位语) )你可以去问老你可以去问老 师本人。师本人。 (3)(3)作表语作表语 I I justjust wantwant toto bebe myself.myself.我只想做我自己。我只想做我自己。 提示提示: :反身代词还常用在反身代词还常用在byby之后表示之后表示 “ “独自独自 ; ;由某人自己由某人自己 ” ”。 TheThe oldold womanwoman liveslives in in thethe countrysidecountryside byby herself.herself.那位老太太自那位老太太自 己一个人住在乡下。己一个人住在乡下。 .单项选择单项选择 ( ( )1.You)1.You looklook soso weak!weak! I I thinkthink youyou gogo toto seesee a a doctordoctor atat once.once.(2018(2018 株洲株洲 ) ) A.mightA.might B.shouldB.shouldC.couldC.could ( ( )2.To)2.To keepkeep childrenchildren awayaway fromfrom dangerdanger duringduring thethe comingcoming summersummer holiday,parentsholiday,parents givegive themthem somesome safetysafety tips.tips.(2018(2018泰州泰州 ) ) A.shouldA.shouldB.mayB.may C.couldC.couldD.mightD.might B B A A ( ( )3.Youre)3.Youre thethe futurefuture ofof thisthis country.Dontcountry.Dont keepkeep askingasking whatwhat thisthis countrycountry cancan dodo forfor you.Askyou.Ask whatwhat youyou cancan dodo forfor thisthis country.country.(2018(2018无锡无锡 ) A.usA.usB.ourselvesB.ourselves C.youC.youD.yourselvesD.yourselves ( ( )4.My)4.My daughterdaughter waswas aboutabout 2 2 yearsyears oldold whenwhen sheshe couldcould walkwalk byby . .(2018(2018资阳资阳 ) ) A.herA.her B.sheB.sheC.hersC.hers D.herselfD.herself ( ( )5.)5.SheShe isis tootoo busybusy toto helphelp usus finishfinish thethe work.work. LetsLets dodo itit . .(2018(2018天津天津 ) ) A.herselfA.herselfB.myselfB.myself C.itselfC.itself D.ourselvesD.ourselves D D D D D D .用所给单词的适当形式填空用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.Miss6.Miss SmithSmith putput herher newnew dressdress on,andon,and lookedlooked atat (she)(she) inin thethe mirror.mirror. 7.Peter7.Peter managedmanaged toto repairrepair thethe bikebike byby (he).(he). 8.Last8.Last weekweek thethe studentsstudents wentwent skatingskating andand enjoyedenjoyed (them)(them) veryvery much.much. 9.She9.She hashas a a soresore throat.Shethroat.She (not(not eat)eat) tootoo muchmuch hothot food.food. 10.Should10.Should I I (take)(take) mymy temperature?temperature? herselfherself himselfhimself themselvesthemselves shouldntshouldnt eateat taketake .句型转换句型转换 11.You11.You shouldshould helphelp youryour parentsparents onon weekends.weekends.( (改为否定句改为否定句) ) YouYou youryour parentsparents onon weekends.weekends. 12.She12.She shouldshould gogo toto a a doctor.(doctor.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) ) sheshe toto a a doctor?doctor? No,No, . 13.Mr.Black13.Mr.Black shouldshould lielie downdown andand restrest .(.(对画线部分提问对画线部分提问) ) Mr.BlackMr.Black ? 14.You14.You shouldshould taketake thethe medicinemedicine twicetwice a a dayday.(.(对画线部分提问对画线部分提问) ) I I taketake thethe medicine?medicine? 15.He15.He shouldshould learnlearn toto dodo thingsthings byby himself.(himself.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定改为一般疑问句并作肯定 回答回答) ) hehe learnlearn toto dodo thingsthings byby himself?himself? ,he,he . shouldntshouldnthelphelp ShouldShouldgogo shesheshouldntshouldnt WhatWhat shouldshoulddodo HowHowoftenoftenshouldshould ShouldShould YesYesshouldshould单元语法归纳与练习单元语法归纳与练习 动词不定式与短语动词动词不定式与短语动词 一、动词不定式一、动词不定式 【警示】【警示】 (1)(1)动词不定式动词不定式 ( (或短语或短语 ) )作主语或宾语时作主语或宾语时 , ,常用常用 it it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语, ,而动词而动词 不定式不定式 ( (或短语或短语 ) )放于后面。放于后面。 (2)(2)不定式作定语时不定式作定语时 , ,若动词为不及物动词若动词为不及物动词, ,则其后须有相应的介词。例如则其后须有相应的介词。例如:He:He hashas nono chairchair toto sitsit on.on.他没有椅子坐。他没有椅子坐。 二、短语动词二、短语动词 1.1.概念概念 短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用, ,构成一个固定词组构成一个固定词组, ,可看成一个整体可看成一个整体, , 相当于一个单独的动词相当于一个单独的动词, ,这种组合称之为短语动词。这种组合称之为短语动词。 2.2.分类及用法分类及用法 (1)“(1)“动词动词+ +介词介词”(”(相当于及物动词相当于及物动词) ) 例如例如:look:look at(at(看看);look);look for(for(寻找寻找);look);look after(after(照顾照顾);depend);depend on(on(依靠依靠);ask);ask for(for(请求请求; ;询问询问);agree);agree with(with(同意同意) )等。这种类型的短语后接宾语等。这种类型的短语后接宾语, ,且宾语无论是何且宾语无论是何 种形式种形式, ,一律放在介词后面。一律放在介词后面。 (2)“(2)“动词动词+ +副词副词” 相当于及物动词的这类短语后跟宾语。若为名词相当于及物动词的这类短语后跟宾语。若为名词, ,则宾语常放于短语后面则宾语常放于短语后面, ,也可放也可放 置其中间置其中间; ;若宾语为代词若宾语为代词, ,则只能置其中间。则只能置其中间。 相当于不及物动词的这类短语有相当于不及物动词的这类短语有:get:get up(up(起床起床);look);look out(out(当心当心, ,小小 心心);run);run awayaway ( (逃跑逃跑);hold);hold on(on(稍等稍等; ;别挂断别挂断);get);get down(down(下来下来) )等。这类短语后不跟宾语。等。这类短语后不跟宾语。 (3)“(3)“动词动词+ +副词副词+ +介词介词”(”(相当于及物动词相当于及物动词) ) 例如例如:look:look forwardforward to(to(盼望盼望);catch);catch upup with(with(赶上赶上);come);come upup to(to(走近走近);); gogo onon with(with(继续继续);run);run outout of(of(用光用光; ;耗尽耗尽);look);look downdown upon(upon(瞧不起瞧不起) ) 等。这类短语后跟宾语等。这类短语后跟宾语, ,且宾语必须放在介词后。且宾语必须放在介词后。 (4)“(4)“动词动词+ +名词名词+ +介词介词”(”(相当于及物动词相当于及物动词) ) 例如例如:take:take carecare of(of(照顾照顾);pay);pay attentionattention to(to(注意注意);take);take partpart in(in(参参 加加);make);make useuse of(of(利用利用);take);take noticenotice of(of(注意注意) )等。这类短语后跟宾语等。这类短语后跟宾语, , 宾语放在介词后。宾语放在介词后。 (5)“(5)“系动词系动词+ +形容词形容词+ +介词介词” 例如例如:be:be similarsimilar to(to(与与相像相像);be);be strictstrict in/with(in/with(在在方面严格方面严格/ / 对对严格严格);be);be familiarfamiliar with(with(熟悉熟悉);be);be differentdifferent from(from(与与不同不同);); bebe fullfull of(of(装满装满) )等。这类短语要跟宾语等。这类短语要跟宾语, ,宾语放在介词后。宾语放在介词后。 单项选择单项选择 ( ( )1.)1. energyenergy ( (能源能源),turn),turn offoff thethe hothot waterwater afterafter youyou taketake a a shower.shower. A.SaveA.Save B.SavedB.Saved C.SavingC.SavingD.ToD.To savesave ( ( )2.Tina)2.Tina isis veryvery excited.Sheexcited.She hashas somesome goodgood newsnews herher sister,Sally.sister,Sally. A.tellsA.tells B.tellingB.telling C.tellC.tellD.toD.to telltell ( ( )3.Mr.Zhou)3.Mr.Zhou isis goodgood atat cookingcooking andand hehe hashas decideddecided hishis ownown restaurant.restaurant. (2018(2018 上海上海 ) ) A.openA.open B.openedB.opened C.toC.to openopen D.openingD.opening D D D D C C ( ( )4.It)4.It waswas raining.Myraining.My fatherfather askedasked meme a a raincoat.raincoat. (2018(2018重庆重庆 A A卷卷) ) A.takeA.takeB.takesB.takes C.tookC.tookD.toD.to taketake ( ( )5.Its)5.Its necessarynecessary forfor usus EnglishEnglish well.well.(2018(2018 怀化怀化 ) ) A.toA.to learnlearnB.learningB.learning C.learnC.learn ( ( )6.Remember)6.Remember toto whenwhen youyou arrivearrive inin Beijing.Beijing. A.callA.call upup memeB.cheerB.cheer upup meme C.callC.call meme upupD.cheerD.cheer meme upup ( ( )7.Kate)7.Kate didntdidnt gogo toto thethe moviemovie lastlast nightnight becausebecause sheshe hadhad toto _______her_______her sicksick dogdog atat home.home.(2018(2018 南充实验外国语学校期中南充实验外国语学校期中) ) A.lookA.look atatB.lookB.look upup C.lookC.look forfor D.careD.care forfor D D A A C C D D ( ( )8.I)8.I findfind itit difficultdifficult toto learnlearn EnglishEnglish well.Iwell.I wantwant toto dropdrop it.it. EnglishEnglish isis veryvery importantimportant inin ourour dailydaily life.Neverlife.Never . . (2018(2018黄冈黄冈 ) ) A.giveA.give upup itit B.giveB.give itit upup C.giveC.give awayaway ititD.giveD.give itit awayaway ( ( )9.My)9.My grandmothergrandmother isis goinggoing toto a a hobbyhobby likelike shoppingshopping onon thethe Internet.Internet.(2018(2018岳阳岳阳 ) ) A.takeA.take upupB.lookB.look upup C.getC.get upup ( ( )10.The)10.The airair inin thethe morningmorning isis soso freshfresh herehere thatthat I I earlyearly toto exercise.exercise.(2018(2018资阳资阳 ) ) A.getA.get upupB.getB.get onon C.getC.get offoffD.getD.get downdown B B A A A A单元语法归纳与练习单元语法归纳与练习 情态动词情态动词couldcould表示请求或请求许可表示请求或请求许可 情态动词情态动词couldcould用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许用于有礼貌地提出要求或请求准许, ,用于疑问句用于疑问句, ,代替代替can,can,在时间上在时间上 与与cancan没有区别没有区别, ,但语气要比但语气要比cancan委婉、有礼貌。具体用法如下委婉、有礼貌。具体用法如下: : 一、一、couldcould 可用于表示请求的问句中可用于表示请求的问句中, ,其表现形式有两种其表现形式有两种: : 1.Could1.Could youyou (please)(please) (not)(not) do.?do.?常用于委婉地请求某人常用于委婉地请求某人( (不不) )做某事做某事, ,其后接其后接 动词原形。动词原形。 CouldCould youyou pleaseplease givegive meme a a ride?ride?你能捎我一程吗你能捎我一程吗? ? CouldCould youyou pleaseplease notnot speakspeak loudloud inin thethe readingreading room?room?在阅览室里你能不在阅览室里你能不 大声喧哗吗大声喧哗吗? ? 2.Could2.Could I I do.?do.?常用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事常用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事, ,其后同样接动词其后同样接动词 原形。原形。 CouldCould I I hanghang outout withwith mymy friendsfriends thisthis weekend?weekend? 这个周末我能和朋友们去逛逛吗这个周末我能和朋友们去逛逛吗? ? 二、其他表示客气请求的句型二、其他表示客气请求的句型 WouldWould youyou like+sth./tolike+sth./to dodo sth.?sth.? MayMay I+doI+do sth.?sth.? ShallShall we+dowe+do sth.?sth.? WouldWould youyou mind+sth./(not)doingmind+sth./(not)doing sth.?sth.? What/HowWhat/How about+sth./doingabout+sth./doing sth.?sth.? 三、表示请求的问句的回答三、表示请求的问句的回答 couldcould表示请求时表示请求时, ,其肯定回答和否定回答都不用其肯定回答和否定回答都不用couldcould。 常用肯定答语常用肯定答语: : Yes,youYes,you can./Sure./Ofcan./Sure./Of course./course./ NoNo problem./problem./ IdId lovelove to./Certainly./Yes,please./Itsto./Certainly./Yes,please./Its OK./AllOK./All right./Withright./With pleasure.pleasure. 常用否定答语常用否定答语: : ImIm sorry,yousorry,you cant./Imcant./Im sorry,but./Ofsorry,but./Of coursecourse not.not. CouldCould youyou pleaseplease taketake outout thethe rubbish?rubbish? 请你倒垃圾好吗请你倒垃圾好吗? ? Sorry,ISorry,I cant.Icant.I havehave toto dodo mymy homework.homework. 对不起对不起, ,不行不行, ,我得做作业。我得做作业。 CouldCould I I useuse youryour e-dictionary?e-dictionary? 我可以用你的电子词典吗我可以用你的电子词典吗? ? Certainly.HereCertainly.Here youyou are.are. 当然可以当然可以, ,给你。给你。 .单项选择单项选择 ( ( )1.Could)1.Could youyou pleaseplease meme withwith mymy geography?geography? (2018(2018长沙实验中学期中长沙实验中学期中) ) A.helpA.help B.toB.to helphelpC.helpingC.helping ( ( )2)2. .CouldCould I I hanghang outout withwith mymy friendsfriends afterafter thethe movie?movie? Yes,ofYes,of coursecourse youyou . A.couldA.couldB.canB.can C.shouldC.shouldD.mustD.must ( ( )3.Could)3.Could youyou pleaseplease baseballbaseball here?here? A.notA.not playplayB.notB.not playingplaying C.notC.not toto playplayD.playingD.playing A A B B A A ( ( )4.Would)4.Would youyou mindmind inin public?public? A.dontA.dont smokesmokeB.notB.not smokesmoke C.notC.not smokingsmokingD.toD.to smokesmoke ( ( )5.Could)5.Could youyou pleaseplease givegive meme a a hand?hand? . A.No,thanksA.No,thanksB.YouB.You areare welcomewelcome C.Yes,IC.Yes,I couldcouldD.NoD.No problemproblem C C D D .根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 CouldCould 6.6.能请你出去遛遛狗吗能请你出去遛遛狗吗? ? youyou pleaseplease thethe dogdog ? 7.7.我能先看个节目吗我能先看个节目吗? ? I I oneone showshow first?first? 8.8.我可以借用你的钢笔吗我可以借用你的钢笔吗? ? I I a a penpen you?you? 不不, ,你不能。我正在写信。你不能。我正在写信。 No,youNo,you .I.I amam writingwriting a a letter.letter. 9.9.现在我能和我的朋友出去逛街吗现在我能和我的朋友出去逛街吗? ? I I withwith mymy friendsfriends now?now? 当然能当然能, ,但你得先把餐具洗一下。但你得先把餐具洗一下。 ,but,but youyou havehave toto washwash thethe dishesdishes first.first. taketake forfor a a walkwalk CouldCouldwatchwatch CouldCouldborrowborrowfromfrom cantcant CouldCouldhanghangoutout SureSure .根据汉语意思完成句子根据汉语意思完成句子 CouldCould 10.10.请你把教室打扫一下好吗请你把教室打扫一下好吗? ? youyou cleanclean thethe classroom?classroom? 好的好的, ,当然可以。当然可以。 , , . pleaseplease YesYessuresure