（部编版）八年级语文下册《口语交际 应对》优质课课件.pptx

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3、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.通过有序地观察，能依据设计的意图，联系生活实际想出办法，并乐于与同学使用普通话进行完整、清晰的交流。 2.通过本次口语交际，培养参与者合理想象，完整讲述个人意见的能力，培养认真倾听和乐于表达、善于交流的好习惯。,3.在发展语言的同时，使参与者受到自我保护的意识教育，初步学会基本的自我保护、互动交流的方法，懂得礼貌待人、有序应对。,在日常交往中，当有人向我们提问、建议或者质疑，采取恰当的方式做出回应，就是应对。广义的应对包括所有的聊天、问答、讨论等，这里则主要指面对别人的调侃、质疑、诘问、刁难时随机应变的话语能力。那么，怎样才能做到随机应变、巧妙应对呢？

4、,1.准确判断对方的态度。如果对方是一般性的询问，要做出客观的回答；如果是善意的玩笑、诚恳的致歉，可报以善意的幽默、自嘲；如果是恶意的刁难和讥讽，就要选择恰当的方式，给予有力的回应。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

5、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

6、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.掌握一定的应对技巧。特别是面对一些特殊场合，如国际间交往、答记者问或其他正式场合的交流等，或者遇到一些故意的刁难，就要注意采用一定的应对技巧。常用的应对技巧有自嘲、归谬、巧换概念、针锋相对、转换话题等。,3.需要注意的是,巧妙应对的前提应该是准确理解对方的意图,把握对方的主要观点,因此,认真倾听对方的话语就显得尤为重要。在此基础上,如果能够依据当时的话语情境,快速调动思维,迅速做出反应,就能做到随机应变、巧妙

7、应对了。,4.口语交际题考查形式及应对技巧主要通过书面形式的表述题来评估学生的口语交际能力。常见的考查方式是设置特定的情境,要求学生写出别人讲话的言外之意,或写出人物当时可能说的话,或写出讨论的焦点和不同意见,或围绕话题谈自己的看法,或对某些事物进行评价等等。,题目类型： （1）“介绍”类：自我介绍、介绍朋友、介绍家乡、介绍一处名胜古迹、介绍一种动物或植物等； （2）“独白”类：说笑话、说故事、说愿望、说奇思妙想、说读后感观后感、说经验谈教训、说目击情况等；,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

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9、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,（3）“交往”类：道歉、祝贺、待客、转述、劝阻、赞美、批评、安慰、解释、采访、购物、问路、打电话、导游等； （4）“表演”类：当众演讲、

10、致欢迎词、主持节目等； （5）“讨论”类：对不对、好不好、行不行、怎么办、小小建议、小小讨论、小小辩论等。,答题要求： （1）言之有“礼”，即根据特定的情境采用文明得体的用语；（2）言之有“物”，即有具体内容，不讲空话、套话或含糊不清的话；（3）言之有“序”,即按一定的顺序说，注意事物内在的联系及因果关系,力求意明句畅；（4）言之有“节”,即话要简洁明了，不拖泥带水。,抽 烟 50年代初，美国总统杜鲁门接见傲慢的麦克阿瑟将军。见面中，麦克阿瑟拿出烟斗，装上烟丝，然后把烟斗叼在嘴里，取出火柴。当他准备划火柴点烟时，才停下来，对杜鲁门说：“我抽烟，你不会介意吧？”显然，这不是在真心征求意见。在将军

11、已经做好抽烟准备的情况下，如果杜鲁门说介意，那就会失,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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13、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,风度。面对这种挑衅，杜鲁门看了一眼麦克阿瑟，说：“抽吧，将军。别人喷到我脸上的烟雾，要比任何一个美国人脸上的烟雾都多。”这时，傲慢的麦克阿瑟慢慢地把火柴放回了火柴盒，取下嘴里的烟斗放在了桌子上。,杜鲁门这句“抽吧，将军。别人喷到我脸上的烟雾，要比任何一个美国人脸上的烟雾都多”，言下之意“我是美国总统，没有任何人敢随便在我面前抽烟，也只有你傲慢的麦克阿瑟能提出这样无理的要求吧！”在总统这样自嘲的反击面前，傲慢的麦克阿瑟将军也不得不做出让步。,题一：阅读下面的应对案例，简要分析、评价这些名人采用的应对技巧。,1.孔融十岁的时候就表现出超乎寻常的聪明才智，得到人们的赞许。有一个叫陈韪的官员却当众不以为然地说：“小时了了（聪明），大未必佳。”孔融立即回应道：“想君小时，必当了了。” _,自嘲,2.一名英国女士非常喜欢钱锺书的小说围城，于是打电话给钱锺书请求见面。钱锺书对她说：“假如你吃了个鸡蛋觉得不错，何必认识那下蛋的母鸡呢？” _,自嘲,3.一位年轻的画家拜访德国著名的画家阿道夫门采儿，向他诉苦说：“我真不明白，为什么我画一幅画只用一会儿工夫，可卖出去要整整一年。”“请倒过来试试吧，”门采儿认真地说，“要是你花一年的工夫去画它，那么只用一天就准能卖掉它。” _,自嘲,题二：在我们的生活