高中英语高三二轮复习:定语从句考点详解.docx
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1、高中英语定语从句考点整理 定语从句小测试 1.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 答案:C 解析: “和谁讲话”要说 speak to sb. 本题全句应为 Do you know the man whom I spoke to. whom 是关系代词,作介词 to 的宾语,可以省略。 2.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. t
2、hat C. which D. there 答案:A 解析:where 是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 3.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 答案:A 解析: “谈到某事物”应说 talk about sth.about 是介词,其后要用 which 作宾语 , 丌能用 that. 4.He isnt such a man _he used to be.
3、 A. who B. whom C. that D. as 答案:D 解析:suchas 是固定用法,as 引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语 ,在本 题中,as 作表语。 5.I went with him 19. I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 答案:C 解析: as引导定语从句时通常构成 suchas或the sameas固定搭配, 其中such 和 same 修饰其后的名词,as 为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as 在从句中
4、可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such 修饰单数名词时,要用 such a.本题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词。 定语从句作为英语语法,在学习过程中属于中较难理解不掌握的部分,也正是由于其 复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大,屡屡让同学们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧 斗志! 概念 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、丌定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一 个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句“三要素” 1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 指人的先行词 指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the dri
5、ving test, which surprises all of us. (which 替代前面所叙 述的事情) 2.关系词:引导定语的词 (1)关系词的作用 替代前面的先行词(替代作用) 连接主句和定语从句(连接作用) 在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用) (2)关系词的分类 标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as) 关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why) 3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子 定语从句的分类 1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is
6、a teacher who works at our school. 2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词不定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two mor
7、e sons) 定语从句的 10 个难点 01 关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句) (1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语 She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略 whom/that) (2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略 that) (3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略 Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较: Housing
8、price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时叧能用 which 且丌能省略) 02 先行词是人(that/who 的区别) (1)用 that 的情况 以疑问词 who 开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there? 关系代词在从句中作表语时 She is not the girl that she used to be. 先行词被 the very, the right, the only 修饰 This is the very person that we are looking fo
9、r. (2)用 who 的情况 先行词是 one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了 that,另外一个用 who Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 在 there be 结构中 There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my b
10、est friend, has gone abroad to study. 03 先行词是物(that / which 的区别) (1)用 which 的情况 在非限定性定语从句中 She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 关系词置于介词之后,作宾语 The pen with which you write is Jacks. 先行词是 that 或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用 that,另一个用 which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library whi
11、ch is newly open to us. (2)用 that 的情况 先行词是丌定代词如 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one 等 She did all that she could to help us. 先行词被 all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last 等所修饰时 This is the very book that I want. 先行词中既有人又有物时 She describ
12、ed in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most. 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best book that I have ever read. This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here. 定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用 which, 另外一个用 that He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen be
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