初中英语介词用法总结.docx

1、 分享与下载精品教学资料 初中英语介词用法总结 介词(preposition)：也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分需要和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）.介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。 介词的种类： （1） 简单介词：about, across, after, again

2、st, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beside, but, by, down, during, for, from, in, of, on, over, near, round, since, to, under, up, with等等。 （2） 合成介词：inside, into, outside, throughout, upon, without, within （3） 短语介词：according to, along with, apart from, because of, in front of, in spite of,

3、instead of, owing to, up to, with reguard to （4） 分词介词：considering, reguarding, including, concerning 介词短语：构成 介词+名词 We go to school from Monday to Saturday. 介词+代词 Could you look for it instead of me? 介词+动名词 He insisted on staying home. 介词+连接代/副词 I was thinking of how we could get there. 介词+不定式/从句 He

4、gives us some advice on how to finish it. 介词的用法：一、介词to的常见用法1.动词+to a)动词+ toadjust to适应,attend to处理；照料,agree to赞同,amount to加起来达，belong to属于,come to达到,drink to为干杯，get to到达,happen to发生在某人身上,hold to紧握,lead to通向,listen to听,occur to想起,object to反对,point to指向,respond to回答,refer to参考；指的是；涉及,reply to回答,see to

5、负责,stick to坚持,turn to求助,write to给某人写信。 b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。 c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加, compare

6、 to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to be alive to觉察；晓得,be attentive to注意；留心,be awake to知晓,be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to紧挨着,be common to对某人来说很普通,be contrary to违反；反对,be devoted to致力,be deaf to不

7、愿意听,be equal to有的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受,be fair to对公平,be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激,be good to对有好处,be harmful to对有危害,be important to对重要,be kind to友好对待,be known to周知于,be married to嫁给,be moved to转移到,be near to靠近,be necessary to对有必要,be opposite to在对面,be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意,be

8、proper to专属,be polite to礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待,be relative to与有关,be strange to不习惯,be similar to类似,be suitable to适合,be true to忠实,be thankful to感激,be useful to对有用,be used to习惯。 3.to+名词构成的词组 to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to ones feet跳起来，to ones mind照看来, to ones surprise使吃惊,to ones taste符合胃口, to oneself独

9、自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地 二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多，要细心区分。 1.动词+ at arrive at抵达,call at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤，knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对高兴，smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust

10、 at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。 2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对保持警觉,be astonished at对吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对失望，be good at擅长, be impatient at对不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对感到高兴, be present

11、 at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对非常震惊，be terrified at受到的恐吓,be quick at对很机敏。 3.at+名词构成的词组 at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at presen

12、t目前。 三、介词on的常见用法 on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它的一些常见用法： 1.动词+on a)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组 act on对有作用, bring on促使；导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以为生,figure on料想；推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源）, take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on

13、接通（电源）, work on操作, wait on侍候。 b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.) base on以为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。 2.be+形容词+on的词组 be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对严格。 3.on+名词构成的词组 on board乘（车,

14、飞机）,on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假 四、介词in的常见用法 1.动词+in a)动词+ in believe in信任, break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起；订阅, turn in归还当局。

15、b)动词+sb./time/money+ in help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。 2. be +形容词+ in be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced

16、 in在有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在优秀,be interested in对有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。 3. in +名词 in advance提前,in all总共，in balance总而言之，in bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in

17、 case万一, in charge主管，in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量地；有效，in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣,in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in troub

18、le有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地，in view看得见。 五、介词from的常见用法 from的用法可不能小瞧，你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。 1.动词+from a)动词+ from come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回，rise from自冒出, result from起因于,

19、 suffer from忍受。 b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place borrow from向借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受之害, receive from收到,remove from移动；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。 2. be +形容词+ from be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用制成, be tired from因而疲倦。 3.fromto from bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊家，fr