中考英语难题攻略解题指导-阅读理解课件（60张）.ppt

1、第三部分 重点题型攻略,题型二 阅读理解,阅读理解主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。针对不同的考查方式，考生可运用不同的解题技能，主要可分为以下6种：,微技能讲练,微技能1 细节理解,技巧盘点,针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文段落词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：,1. 搜寻直接答案：关键词定位法。根据题干的关键信息，在文章中寻找相关的语句，与题干核对信息，得出答案。 2. 搜寻间接答案：转换相关语句法。根据题干的关键词，在文章中寻找相关段落与句子，

2、并转换为选项中的表述，核对选项的意义与文章的意义是否一致。,【典例剖析】(2018三州联考阅读理解A节选) After leaving high school, Hawking went first to Oxford University to study physics, and then he went to Cambridge University to study the universe(宇宙) 51. At which university did Hawking study physics? A. Oxford University. B. St. Albans Univers

3、ity. C. Cambridge University. D. London University. 【点拨】根据题干中的关键词 “study physics”定位到 “After leaving high school, Hawking went first to Oxford University to study physics.”就可直接得出正确答案A。,Passage 1 However, one may be laughed as if he does this in the north. Instead, buying vegetables and meat enough fo

4、r a week is usual. Also, you can buy a small amount (数量) of fruit, such as a single apple or pear, each time in the south. Shop owners even help you peel and cut them. But shop owners in the north hardly offer such service. And many fruits are sold in baskets and boxes. 1. If you buy fruits in the s

5、outh, the shop owners may _ A. peel and cut them for you B. laugh at you C. only sell them in boxes and baskets D. only sell a single apple or pear,A,Passage 2 People from southern China say that they always buy what they need for just one or two meals. It is normal for them to buy half of a Chinese

6、 cabbage, two potatoes and 0.25 kilograms of beef at a time. 2. In southern China, people usually buy _ at a time. A. a small amount of food B. a large amount of food C. enough food for a week D. a lot of meat and vegetables,A,(2018三州联考4考；黔西南州、黔东南州：每年12道；黔南州5考),此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用

7、逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。,技巧盘点,微技能2 推理判断,1. 常见设问方式 此类试题中常含有“可能、也许”等词汇，如probably, might, possible, may等。具体设问形式如下： (1)感受类 How did the writer/sb. feel when .(2018三州联考62题；黔西南州2014.46) (2)出处类 In which part of the newspaper can you normally read this passage？(黔西南州2017.45) You/We can probably read the

8、article/passage in. (黔西南州、黔南州：2考；黔东南州2014.60) This piece of passage may appear/be from.(黔东南州2考；黔南州2017.55),(3)看法类 What do you think of sb./sth.？/How do you like sb./sth.？(黔东南州2017.59) Its clear that. (黔西南州2013.49) (4)判断正误类 Which is (NOT) TRUE according to the passage？ (黔东南州2013.70；黔南州 2017.60) (5)其他

9、类 From the passage, we know/learn/see that. (2018三州联考60题；黔东南州2考) According to the passage, sb (2018三州联考59题) Which of the following sentence best describes.? Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph?,2. 解题技巧 (1)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 逻辑推论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这

10、类试题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。,【典例剖析】(2018三州联考阅读理解B节选) Pituco is a special dog from Brazil. Why do I say so? Because he can go shopping all by himself. Every day, Pituco goes to Agro Pet to get his food. That makes him popular. “Everybody knows Pituco，”says the animal doctor of the shop. “So

11、metimes, when he cant reach what he wants, he barks(吠叫) until we hand it to him.” 60. From the passage, we learn that Pituco is a _ dog. A. quiet B. strong C. clever D. brave 【点拨】根据文章介绍Pituco可以自己购物的事实可知，他应该是非常聪明的，由此锁定正确答案C。,(2)根据作者的思想倾向和感情色彩判断观点态度 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大

12、类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。,【典例剖析】(2018三州联考阅读理解C节选) She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. There was a large round object on her desk. It was black. But when she aske

13、d the boy, he answered, “White.” I couldnt believe it! Another argument started, this time about the color of the object. 62. How did the writer feel when the boy said the object was white? A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Happy. D. Angry. 【点拨】通过“I couldnt believe it！”推断出作者是“惊奇的surprised”。,(3)根据文章体裁和内容推

14、断文章出处 判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等，广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。,Passage 3 Id never heard a more softhearted explanation as to why animal lives are so short. It has changed the way I live. I see every day as the day t

15、hat my life could be easily taken away, so I try to live my life to the fullest. 3. According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that _ A. the vet didnt do anything for Coco B. the vet makes an effort to live a full life C. the vet has lived a fullest life D. the vet will keep more dogs,B,Passage 4 Th

16、e next morning, the king saw the other falcon(猎鹰) flying above in the sky freely. “It is unbelievable！” shouted the king. “How could you make it happen？” 4. How did the king feel when he saw the other falcon fly freely in the sky? _ A. Excited. B. Moved. C. Worried. D. Relaxed.,A,(黔西南州2015.41；黔东南州3考

17、；黔南州4考),技巧盘点,此类试题往往涉及多处信息，考生应处处留心。具体方法如下： 1. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。 2. 根据题干中的关键词准确定位到文中或图表中的句子，根据句子提供的数据以及数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算和推断。,微技能3 数字计算,【典例剖析】(2016黔西南州阅读理解A节选) I have been a taxi driver for over ten years. Its a good job most of the time. I meet a lot of people. I always work at night because there is to

18、o much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles outside London. I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning. 45. How long did the driver work every day? A. Eight and a half hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours. D. Eight and half an hour.,【点拨】根据最后一句

19、“I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.”可知作者在下午五点半上班，凌晨两点下班。据此计算得出作者的工作时长为八个半小时。由此得出正确答案是A。,Passage 5 The prices are usually good. For example, one ticket to the Water World, a water park, is only $5. 5. If Sally goes to the Water World with two

20、 friends, they should pay _ A. $5 B. $10 C. $15 D. $20,C,Passage 6,6. How much should Lin and his father pay if they want to visit the Hamilton Zoo? _ A. $15 B. $30 C. $45 D. $10,B,(黔西南州、黔南州：每年12道；黔东南州4考),此类题的目的在于检测学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的理解能力。词/句义猜测题的类型主要有三种： 熟词新义。要求学生在某一特定的语言环境下推断某一多义词的准确意思(黔西南州4考；黔东南州3考；黔南州2考)； 2. 生词释义。要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义(黔西南州4考；黔东南州2015.62；黔南州6考)； 3. 难句释义。要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。,技巧盘点,微技能4 词/句义猜测,解答此类题，考生可以参考以下解题技巧：