中考英语复习课件：现在完成时语法课件.ppt

1、春天还会远吗 ? will it still be far in spring?,冬天已经来了, Winter has already come,现在完成时态,Winter has already come.,现在完成时的构成形式,have done has,助动词,过去分词,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,I have finished my homework. I have not finis

2、hed my homework. Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have./No, I havent. She has been to Europe. ?She hasnt been to Europe. ?Has she been to Europe? ?Yes, she has./No, she hasnt.,一 构成:,have/has+动词过去分词 (pp),肯定 主语+have/has + pp 否定 主语+have/has not + pp 疑问 Have/Has + 主语+ pp+其他 ?Yes, 主+have/has. No,

3、主+havent/hasnt.,一、现在完成时的结构,1. 肯定式 主语+have/has + pp 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成；规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表；have可缩写为ve，has可缩写为s。如： Theyve worked in the factory for ten years. 他们在这个工厂工作十年了。 Hes been there before。 他以前去过那儿。,2. 否定式 主语+have/has not + pp,现在完成时的否定式就是在 has/have后加not，have not可缩写为hav

4、ent，has not可缩写为hasnt。如： I havent found my lost cat. 我还没有找到我丢失的猫。 She hasnt finished her homework yet. 她还没有完成她的家庭作业。,3. 疑问式 Have/Has + 主语+ pp+其他 ?Yes, 主+have/has. No, 主+havent/hasnt.,现在完成时的疑问式就是把助动词has，have提到句首： Have you been to Dalian? 你去过大连吗？ No, not yet. 不，还没去过。 He has been doing that work since t

5、wo weeks ago, hasnt he? 他从两周前就开始做那个工作了，对吗？,1. 规则动词：与过去时变化相同。 (1) 一般+-ed work-worked-worked (2) 以“ e ”结尾, + - d 。 live-lived -lived (3) “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，y 变 i, + -ed。 cry-cried-cried (4) 重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed 。 drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）,动词过去分词 (pp)变化规则,不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,AAA型,特殊情况 : read read

6、 read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/,AAB型,ABA型,ABB型,ABC型,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.,二 含义及用法,1 表示过去发生的动作或事情， 对现在的影响和产生的结果。,（1）already,肯定句: “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Have you had breakfast already？ (表示强调),Ive already had breakfast. (强调现在不用再吃

7、) = Ive had breakfast already.,just，刚刚,We have just cleaned our classroom. （指教室现在干净）,注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.,注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。,?I havent seen the film yet., Mother has just cleaned the house.,?Mot

8、her hasnt cleaned the house yet., I have already seen the film.,(2) yet,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Have you had breakfast yet?,I havent had breakfast yet.,(3) ever,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Ive ever read that book.(了解该书） Have you ever been to Beijing?,(4) never,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 带

9、ever的肯定句变否定句时, 将ever变never,He has ever made meal.,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,?He has never made meal.,带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,(6) before,用于句末, 表示“以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,常用的关键词,yet(否/疑), already 已经 ever/never 曾经/从来不 just 刚刚 before 以前 recently

10、, lately 最近 in/during the past/last 5 years 过去五年 by now, so far, up to now, till now 迄今 once, twice 一次 all/in ones life 某人一生,2. 表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性,（1）for +,I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years. She has worked for 10 hours.,一段时间,（2）since +

11、,(过去的)时间点,I have been here since 2000. He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago? Theyve lived in CQ since they married in 2000.,注1)：since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。 I have been here (ever) since then.,注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how long,I have lived here for 10 years.,? How long have y

12、ou lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,?How long has she stood here?,注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long问句中。 （误）I have left for 5 years.,(正)I have been away for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (

13、to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,注：非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。,Tom has left Beijing. He has

14、 borrowed a pen from me.,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,? 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The o

15、ld man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left

16、hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去过颐和园),I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意

17、思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Exercises,Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。 我

18、在北京待了5年了。 Jack 去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,can you distinguish?,has gone to,have gone to,have been to,been to,been in,has been,四 特殊句型 1. It is/has been +一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has pass

19、ed +since + 句子(一般过去时),e.g. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,2. 被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句(that 引导)中，一般用现在完成时态。,This is the most delicious food (that) Ive ever eaten. 这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。 She is the most beautiful girl (that) Ive ever seen. 她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘,3.

20、It is the first / second time+现在完成时 This is +the最高级+名词+that+现在完成时,This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 It is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful girl It was the third time that the boy has been late. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。,Corre

21、cting,1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/ been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/