1、 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period I Listening and Speaking from 练习：练习： 1）Finally they _(rescue) by helicopter. 2）It took the firefighters 5 hours to rescue the boy _ the well. 3）A wealthy businessman came to _(they) rescue with a generous donation. 答案：答案：were rescued; from; their 2. damage n. 损坏；损失；损
2、害赔偿金损坏；损失；损害赔偿金 v. 损害；破坏损害；破坏 _/_ damage to. 对.造成伤害 答案：答案：do; cause 练习：练习： 1）The accident caused some damage _ my car, but its nothing serious. 2）Smoking seriously _ (damage) your health. 3）Several cars _(damage) in crash which happened last night. 4）His doctor told me that his nerves _(damage) and
3、he was unconscious（昏迷的）. 5）Actually, severe damage _(do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution（进化）. 答案：答案：to; damages; were damaged; were damaged/had been damaged; done 3. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭摧毁；毁灭；消灭；破灭 _ n.U 摧毁；毁灭；破坏 _ adj. 造成破坏的；毁灭性的 destroy ones _/_/_ 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰 答案：答
4、案：destruction; destructive; confidence; hope; faith 易混词：易混词：destroy, damage 与与 ruin destroy v. 指以具有某种摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁坏，以至于不能或难以修复。 damage 可用作动词或名词，指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的。作名词表示 抽象的“损害；破坏”时，为不可数名词。 ruin 可以作动词也可以作名词，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽 等，多用于比喻用法中；它有时还泛指一般意义上的“毁坏” 。 作名词时常构成短语：fall into ruin/lie in ru
5、ins “严重破损；破损不堪” 练习： 1）The whole village _(destroy) in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native people. 2）Thousands of houses _(damage) by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month. 3）My new white dress was totally _(ruin) by the dirty water. 4）A huge amount of environmental damag
6、e has been brought about by the _(destroy) of the rain forests. 答案：答案：was destroyed; were damaged; ruined 4. affect v. 影响； （疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤（或怜悯） ；使（某人）深影响； （疾病）侵袭；深深打动；使感动；使悲伤（或怜悯） ；使（某人）深 有感触有感触 _ n. 喜爱；钟爱 _ n. 影响 名词短语：名词短语： have an affection _ 喜爱. have an effect _ 对.产生影响 答案：答案：affection; effect
7、; for; on 练习：练习： 1）Alcohol has a very bad _ on drivers. 2）Their objection will not _ my decision. 3）Cancer _ his lungs and brought his life to an end. 答案：答案：effect; affect; affected 5. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险风雨或危险) _ adj. 备受呵护的；免遭恶劣天气影响的 名词短语：名词短语： _ shelter _ 躲避 _/
8、_ shelter _ 寻找地方躲避 _ sb. shelter 庇护某人 _ the shelter of sth. 在.的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下 动词短语：动词短语： shelter sb./sth. _ . 保护某人/某物以避免 shelter _ sth. 躲避某物 答案：答案：sheltered; under; of; look for/seek from; give; from; from 练习：练习： 1）Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids _ every kind of dang
9、er. 2）She used an umbrella to take shelter _ the burning sun. 3）We sat in the shade, _(shelter) from the sun. 4）My mother, who had a _(shelter) upbringing（抚育）, has fantastic memories of childhood. 5）He managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to shelter him _ bad weather. 答案：答案：from; from; she
10、ltering; sheltered; from 6. ruin n.C 废墟（废墟（pl. ruins） U 破坏；毁坏；破产破坏；毁坏；破产 v. 毁掉；使破产毁掉；使破产 名词短语：名词短语： _/_ _ ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 动词短语：动词短语： ruin ones hope 使某人的希望破灭 ruin ones health 损害某人的健康 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 答案：答案：lie/be; in 练习：练习： 1）Yesterday a heavy rain _(ruin) our picnic. 2）When they returned to Rockawa
11、y the next day, they found their neighbourhood in _. 3）At that time my wife _(ruin) her health through worry. 答案：答案：ruined; ruins; was ruining 7. in shock 吃惊吃惊 shock vt. （使）震惊； （使）气愤；愤慨（使）震惊； （使）气愤；愤慨 n.U 休克；震惊休克；震惊 C 令人震惊的事；点击令人震惊的事；点击 _ adj. 吃惊的；震惊的 _ adj. 令人气愤的；令人震惊的 形容词短语：形容词短语： be shocked _/_ 对
12、吃惊 be shocked that 对感到震惊 be shocked _ sth. 做某事很吃惊 答案：答案：shocked; shocking; at; by; to do 练习：用练习：用 shock 的适当形式填空的适当形式填空 1）They _ by her rudeness at yesterdays party. 2）The _ news _ every one of us at that moment. 3）All the people present felt _ at the _ accident. 答案：答案：were shocked; shocking; shocked
13、; shocked; shocking 8. the number of 的数目的数目 练习：练习： 1）对比填空对比填空(a number of, the number of) _ students were absent from the meeting. As a consequence, _ polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller. 2）用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空 The number of undergraduates_ (increase) over the years. A good number of boo
14、ks in the market _ (be) still examination- oriented. 答案：答案：A number of; the number of; has increased; are a number of 很多；许多很多；许多 在在 number 之前可加之前可加 large, small, great, good 等表示程度等表示程度 的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式的词；只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 的数目的数目 修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 9. t
15、rap vt. （trapped; trapped） 使落入险境； 使陷入圈套） 使落入险境； 使陷入圈套 n. 圈套； 困境； （捕捉动物的）圈套； 困境； （捕捉动物的） 夹子，罗网，陷阱夹子，罗网，陷阱 be/get trapped _/_ 困在中；陷在中 trap sb. _ (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事 _ a trap for 给设圈套 _ _ a trap 落入圈套/陷阱 答案：答案：in; on; into; set; fall into 练习： 1）Because of the greenhouse effect the earth is warmed by ga
16、ses_(trap) in the atmosphere. 2）These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from _(trap) in the sand. 答案：答案：trapped; being trapped 9. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 _ n. 埋葬；葬礼 bury . _/_ . 把埋藏在 be buried _ 埋头于；专心于 bury oneself _ 埋头于；专心致志于；隐居在 bury ones face/head in
17、 hands _ 答案：答案：burial; in; at; in; in; 双手抱头；掩面双手抱头；掩面 练习：练习： 1）He _(bury) himself in the country to write a book last year. 2）Our dog often _(bury) its bones in the garden. 3）Once the house _(bury) under ten feet of snow. 4）He walked slowly, his hands _(bury) in his pockets. 5）Her head was buried _
18、the book while she was reading. 6）In the evenings he buried _(he) in his books. 答案：答案：buried；buries；was buried; buried; in; himself 10. breathe vi. breathless; breathlessly; breathtaking; in; out; catch; hold; out of; 令某人惊令某人惊 叹；一丝微风叹；一丝微风 练习：练习： 1）There isnt a _(breathe) of wind today. 2）It is good
19、 _(breathe) in fresh air instead of city smoke. 3）He was _ (breathe) heavily after chasing the bus. 4）Heavy smoking makes him _(breath). 5）The new manager has _(breathe) fresh life into the company. 6）He has great difficulty in catching _(he) breath. 7）She was out of _(breathe) from climbing the sta
20、irs. 8）The doctor told me to breathe _ and then breathe out slowly. 答案：答案：breath; to breathe; breathing; breathless; breathed; his; breath; in 11. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 make efforts 努力；尽力 make efforts/an effort to do sth. （尽一切）努力做某事 12. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦；遭受；变差（因疾病、痛苦
21、、悲伤等）受苦；遭受；变差 _ n.C 受难者；患者 _ n.C,U （身体/精神上的）痛苦（作可数名词时常用复数） 经受痛苦：_ 遭受失败：_ 蒙受巨大损失：_ 心脏病发作：_ suffer _ 遭受；患.病；因.而痛苦 答案：答案： sufferer; suffering; suffer pain; suffer a defeat; suffer huge losses; suffer a heart attack; from 练习：练习： 1）The war has caused terrible _ to the local people. 2）She received many le
22、tters of support from fellow _. 3）Shortly after _ from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. 4）You have no feeling for the _ of others. 5）He _ head injuries in a road accident. 答案：答案：suffering; sufferers; suffering; sufferings; suffered 长难句长难句 1. It seemed as
23、if the world were coming to an end! as if 的用法 意为“仿佛；好像” ，与 as though 同义，可以引导表语从句，也可以引导方式状语从句。 1）as if/as though 引导表语从句，主语中的系动词常用引导表语从句，主语中的系动词常用 look, appear, seem, sound 等。等。 It sounds as if/as though you had a good time. 2）as if/as though 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 I remembered the whole thing as if/ as tho
24、ugh it happened yesterday. 3）as if 还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生还可引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在存在)的的 情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下： 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时从句谓语动词用过去时(be 动词用动词用 were) 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done) 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用 would/could/might d
25、o 1）They completely ignore these facts as if they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。 2）It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？ 3）He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说些什么。 练习：练习： He treats me as if I _ (be) his
26、 own daughter. They talked as if/though they _ (be) friends for years. It seems as if _. 噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。 答案：答案：were; had been; the noise came from upstairs. 2. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. “主语“主语+系动词系动词+表语表语+to do”结构”结构 在此结构中，表语一般为性质形容词，常见的性质形容词有 easy, hard, difficult, safe, inter
27、esting, heavy, light, pleasant, good, nice, comfortable, dangerous, impossible 等。 此句型可转 换成“It + be+ adj. + 动词不定式”的结构。 注意：注意： 1）在该结构中，当动词不定式或句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式 表示被动意义。 He is not easy to get along with.=It is not easy to get along with him. The book is very interesting to read.=It is very inter
28、esting to read the book. 2）当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to sit on. =The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to sit on the chair. 练习：练习： 1）This machine is very easy _(operate). Anyone can learn to use it in a fe
29、w minutes. 2）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _(hold). 3）I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breather). 4）The noise outside is hard to put up _. 5）_ is unfit to drink the water in this well. 答案：答案：to op
30、erate; to hold; to breathe; with; It 3. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soliders to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 常接动词不定式作宾补的动词 advise，allow，ask，command（命令） ，encourage，invite，persuade（说服） ，prefer，tell 练习：练习： 1）First of all, please allow me _(introduce)
31、 myself to you. 2）Toms brother who is now a doctor always encourages him _(study) hard and go to college. 3）The Chairman thought it necessary to invite at the meeting. 答案：答案：to introduce; to study; to speak Period II Discovering Useful Structure short; with; to; well; poorly 练习：练习： 1）A pipeline has
32、been built _(supply) some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China. 2）Water is _ short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy. 3）The brain requires constant _(supply) of oxygen. 4）The lounge was well supplied _ ashtrays. 答案：答案：to supp
33、ly; in; supply; with 2. survive vt. 幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比.活（或存在）的时间长活（或存在）的时间长 vi. 生存；存活；继续存在生存；存活；继续存在 _ n. 幸存者；生还者 _ n. U 幸存 C 残余物；幸存物 survive _ 依靠.生存下来 答案：答案：survivor; survival; on 练习：练习： 1）As far as I know, he survived _ a small bottle of water in the desert. 2）In the traffic accident, th
34、e _(survive) were all badly injured. 3）If cancers are spotted early, theres a high chance of _(survive). 4）Her parents died in the accident, but she _(survive). 5）Not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights _(survive). 答案：答案：on; survivors; survi
35、val; survived; to survive 3. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的； （海洋、湖泊等）风平浪静的； （天气）无风的镇静的；沉着的； （海洋、湖泊等）风平浪静的； （天气）无风的 v. （使）镇静； （使）平静（使）镇静； （使）平静 _ adv. 镇定地；沉着地 _ n. 平静；镇定 形容词短语：形容词短语： _/_/_保持冷静 动词短语：动词短语： calm (sb) _ （使某人）安静下来； （使某人）平静下来 答案：答案：calmly; calmness; keep; remain; stay; down 练习：练习： 1）All things there ga
36、ve him s feeling of security and _(calm). 2）Everyone must think this situation through _(calm) and coolly. 3）Some people say soft music _(calm) our nerves（神经）. 4）He was very excited, and it was long before he _(calm) down. 5）Never have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself _. 答案：答案：calmness; calmly
37、; calms; calmed; down 易混辨析：易混辨析：calm，quite，still 与与 silent 易混词易混词 用法用法 calm 指湖泊、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态；指人镇静或不慌张；还可以指地点、时 期、情况等是平静的或稳定的。 quiet 指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境； 指人时， 表示不发出声音或不发表意见， 也可指人的性格温和、 文静、 不易激动等。 still 主要指完全无动作，通常用于表示物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。 silent 着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。 练习：练习： 1）Youd bett
38、er keep _ about this and dont tell anyone else. 2）He lives a _ life in the country. 3）Please sit _ when I take your photo. 4）After the storm the sea was _. 答案：答案：silent/quiet; quiet; still; calm 4. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项 v. 帮助；援助帮助；援助 名词短语：名词短语： give _ aid 进行急救 _ the aid of 在.的帮助下 _/_
39、 to sbs aid=_/_ to the aid of sb. 帮助某人 _ aid of sb./sth. 为了帮助某人/某事 动词短语：动词短语： aid sb _(doing) sth. 帮助某人（做）某事 aid sb to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb _ sth. 在某方面帮助某人 答案：答案：first; with; come; go; come; go; in; in; with 练习：练习： 1）A large crowd came _ the aid of the injured. 2）A dictionary can aid us _learning
40、a new language. 3）_ the aid of the local guide, we finally made it out of the jungle. 4）The neighbours are planning a concert _ aid of the church repairs. 答案：答案：to; in; With; in Period III Reading for Writing 1. sweep （swept，swept）v. 打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行打扫；清扫；吹走；冲走；横扫；掠过；风行 _ n.清洁工；清扫机器 sweep _ 打扫；清
41、扫 sweep _ 消灭；摧毁；彻底消除 sweep _/_/_ 扫视；掠过 sweep _ 扫过；掠过；风行 答案：答案：sweeper; up; away; over; across; around; through 2. strike vi. by; at; back; It strikes sb that; on; on 练习：练习： 1）The tower of the church _(strike) by lighting last night. 2）The electricity workers have been _ strike for several weeks. 3）H
42、e fell, his head _(strike) on the table. 答案：答案：was struck; on; striking 3. deliver vt. to; from; speech; address 4. effect n. 影响；结果；效果；效应；作用影响；结果；效果；效应；作用 _ v. 影响； （疾病）侵袭；深深打动 _ adj. 有效的；实际的 _ adj. 无效的 _ adv. 有效地；实际地 常用搭配：常用搭配： have an/no/much/little effect _. 对.有/没有/有很大/几乎没有影响 _ and effect 因果（关系） s
43、ide effect(s) _ _ effect 开始起作用；见效 take effect/come into effect 生效 答案：答案：affect; effective; ineffective; effectively; on; cause; 副作用副作用; take 练习：练习： 1）What the teacher says and does always has a great effect _ his students. 2）The law will come _ effect at the start of October. 3）This trend has had some unintended side _
