1、Unit 5 Languages Around the World Designed by Jinning 1native adj.本国的；本地的 n.本地人；本国人 (教材 P60) How many billion people speak the UNs official languages as their native or second language? 有多少亿人把联合国 的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？ (1)be native to 原产于 ones native country/land/language 某人的祖国/故乡/母语 (2)be a native of.
2、的人；原产于的动物或植物 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)Is her uncle a native _ Shanghai, or just a visitor? (2)The researcher says the tiger is native _ India. of to 发散思维： native language 母语 official language 官方语言 2.attitude n. .态度；看法；姿态 (教材 P60)What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning? 说话者对外语学习的态
3、度是什么？ have/ take a(n).attitude to/towards. 对持的态度/采取的态度 We each should develop a positive attitude to life. 我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。 Try to have a positive attitude to/towards everything and stop complaining. 尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。 即学即练 单句写作 是你对生活的不好态度使父母生气。 It was _ life that made your parents angry. your b
4、ad attitude towards/to 名师指津： attitude 后常用介词“to/towards”哟！ 3.refer to 提及；查阅；谈到；把称作；指的是 (经典例句)He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didnt refer to his note book while delivering his speech. 他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记本。 (1)refer to.as. 把称作 (2) reference n 言及，提及；参考；查阅 一词多义写出下列句中 refer to
5、 的含义 (1)Since the boy has been punished, please dont refer to that matter again. _ (2)If you dont know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. _ (3)When I said some people were stupid I wasnt referring to you. _ (4)As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng. _ 提
6、及 参考 指的是 把称作 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as _ (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials. (2) What really surprised us was that the president spoke at the meeting for nearly two hours without _ (refer) to his notes. reference referring 名师指津：不一样的“查字典”：
7、look up the word in the dictionary refer to the dictionary consult the dictionary 4.despite prep.即使；尽管 (教材 P62) China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. 中国以其悠久的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有过许多起起落落， 但中国
8、一直延续到现代。 despite 即使；尽管， 为介词，后常跟名词或 v.- ing even if 即使；尽管，为连词，后跟从句 My parents love me despite my shortcomings. 尽管我有很多缺点，但是父母还是喜欢我的。 John is a good basketball player despite being short and thin. 尽管约翰身材矮小，他依然是个优秀的篮球运动员。 即学即练 even if 与 despite 对比填空 (1) _ the fact that Mr.Li is very rich, he leads a sim
9、ple life. (2) _ I fail many times, I wont give up. Despite Even if 发散思维： despite 同义词为：in spite of Despite/In spite of failure, he didnt lose heart. 尽管失败了，他没有灰心。 5.based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以为重要部分(或特征)的 (教材 P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture- based language. 最初，书面汉语是一种以象形文字为基础的语言。 (1)be ba
10、sed on/upon 以为基础/依据 (2) base vt. 以为据点；以为基础 n. 底部；根据 base.on. 以为基础 (3)basic adj. 基础的 In my diary, I set down a series of things that are all based on facts. 在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。 One should always base his opinion on facts. 一个人应该始终以事实为根据发表自己的观点。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1) _ (base) on a true story, the film is
11、 very popular. (2)They have to have a _ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology. (3) The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.(升 级句式) _, the restaurant is working all right.(分词短 语作状语) Based basic Based on trust 名师指津： base 常用过去分词作状语哟！ 6.date back (to.)追溯(
12、到) (教材 P62)It dates back to several thousand years to longgu. 它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨。 (1)date back todate from 追溯到 (2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的 As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty. 据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。 Id like to buy a new coat, because this one is out of date. 我想买一个新外套，因为这个外套
13、已经过时了。 即学即练 单句写作 每天有许多游客在这座可追溯到 800 年前的塔前拍照。 Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower, _ as early as 800 years ago. which dates back to 名师指津： 牢记 date back to 只用一般现在时哟！ 7.variety n(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 (经典佳句) One of the advantages is that we can find varieties of topics, such a
14、s science, culture and history.其中优势之一是我们能够 找到各种主题，如：科学、文化、历史等。 (1)a variety ofvarieties of 种类繁多的 (2)various adj. 不同的；各种各样的 (3)vary vt.&vi. 改变；变化 vary from. to. 从到不等；在到之间变动 In my free time, Id like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and various/a variety of ball games.在业余时间，我喜欢锻 炼，例如：游泳、跑步和各
15、种球类运动。 All languages change over time and vary from place to place because of the local accent. 所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且由于地方口音的 不同而有所不同。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)It is a pity that some people cant go back home at the Spring Festival for a _ (various) of reasons. (2)The research team is made up of the pupils, whos
16、e ages _ (various) from 10 to 15. (3)Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well- equipped facilities. Our school has built a new stadium, _ well- equipped facilities. (升级加黑词； 升级为定语从句) variety vary which has various/varieties of/a variety of 名师指津：不一样的“各种各样”： a variety of； varieties
17、of； various； all kinds/types of 8. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 (教材 P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，形成了一个统一的郡，中国的文字 系统开始朝一个方向发展。 (1) major in 主修；以为专业 (2) major
18、ity n. 大多数；大半 the majority of 大多数 be in the majority 构成大部分/大多数 I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.我 猜想这里可能有个大的误会。 When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is of great importance.当涉及教育， 大部分人认为教育很重 要。 即学即练 单句写作 随着中国在国际事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，学好汉语对 我们来说非常
19、重要。因此，我的父母想让我在大学主修中文。 As China _ global affairs, it is very important for us to have a good knowledge of Chinese. As a result, my parents wants me _ at college. plays a more and more important role in to major in Chinese 9.means n方式；方法；途径 (教材P62)Written Chinese has also become an important means by
20、which Chinas present is connected with its past.书面汉语也成为中国 现在与过去联系的重要手段。 (1) a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具 (2)by this means 通过这种方法 by means of 用办法；借助 by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) There is no doubt that Wechat is an important means of communication. 毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。 Students sometimes sup
21、port themselves by means of doing part- time jobs. 学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。 By no means can you give up when you are in trouble. 处境困难时绝对不能放弃。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)Every possible means _ (try), but none has worked. (2)All possible means _ (try), but none has worked. has been tried have been tried 温馨提示： means 用作“方式；
22、方法”时单复数同形。 10.regard n尊重；关注 vt.把视为；看待 (教材 P62)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form which has become an important part of Chinese culture: Chinese calligraphy. 汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展，已经成为中国文化的重要组成 部分：书法。 (1)regard/consider/treat. as
23、. 认为是 (2)have high/no regard for. 高度关注/无视 with/in regard to sth. 关于某事 I regard this novel as one of the best novels I have ever read. 我认为这是我读过的最好的小说中的一部。 She has no regard for other peoples feelings. 她无视别人的 感受。 In regard to his suggestions, we shall discuss them fully. 关于你的建议，我们将充分讨论。 即学即练 一句多译 众所周知
24、，李健被认为是最著名的音乐人之一。 It is known to us that Li Jian _ one of the most famous musicians. is regarded as 11.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 (教材 P62)As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history throug
25、h this amazing language. 随着中国在国际事务中发挥越来越大的作用， 越来越多的国际学生开始通过这 种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。 (1)appreciaten./pron./v.- ing 重视/感激 I would appreciate it if. 假如，我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n 欣赏； 感激 express ones appreciation to sb. for sth. 表达对某人的感激之情 Many people cant fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise
26、. 许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。 Id appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible. 你尽早回信我将感激不尽。 即学即练 单句语法填空/单句写作 (1)Here I sincerely express my _ (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase. (2)I appreciate _ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. (3) _ you could take my
27、suggestions into consideration. 如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。 appreciation being given Id appreciate it if 名师指津：“感谢某人”荟萃： thank sb. express ones thanks to sb. express ones appreciation to sb. 12struggle n& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 ( 教材 P64)When I started studying German, it was a struggle. 当我开始学习德语时，这是一场奋斗。 struggle for 努力争取
28、；为而斗争 struggle against/with 与作斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来 We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad. 我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。 After the accident, Tom struggled to his feet and dialed 119. 出事后，汤姆挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)Workers are strugg
29、ling _ a clean canteen and healthy food. (2)She never gave up and struggled _ (live) an active life. for to live 名师点津名师点津 Struggle n. 奋斗，难事奋斗，难事 It was a struggle for her to make him understand. 13.point of view 观点；看法 ( 教材 P64)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign languag
30、e, and I could see the world from a different point of view. 我终于来到了一个可以用外语思考的地方，我可以从一个不同 的角度看世界。 from ones point of view in ones view/opinion as far as sb. be concerned 依某人看来 From my point of view, you should turn to your teacher for help. 依我看来，你应该向老师求助。 I respect your point of view, but Im not sure
31、 I agree with you. 我尊重你的观点，但我还是不敢苟同。 即学即练 一句多译 在我看来，通过这些活动你可以更好地了解春节。 (1) _, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities. (2) _, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities. (3) _, you can have a better understanding of the
32、Spring Festival through the activities. In my opinion/view As far as Im concerned From my point of view 14.equal n同等的人；相等物； adj.相同的；同样的 ( 教材 P66)Our relationship is close and were equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 我们的关系很亲密， 我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话来弥补我们之间的差距。 (1)be equal to 等于
33、 be equal to sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事 (2)without equal 无人可比，无敌 equally adv. 同样地；平等地 Everyone is born equal. 人人生来平等。 Beethoven was a world- famous musician, who had no equal in music. 贝多芬是世界著名的音乐家，在音乐方面无人能比。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)As far as I know, he is quite equal _ the job. (2)As far as Im concerned, men a
34、nd women must be treated _ (equal) in education. (3)I dont think he is equal to _ (do) this kind of work. to equally doing 发散思维：“适合做某事”大团圆： be fit for sth. be suitable for sth. be equal to doing sth. 15.demand n要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 ( 教材 P66)But if Im talking to someone who isnt very close to me, I
35、 must make my request longer and I must make it a question, not a demand, eg. 但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人谈话，我必须使请求更长些 我必须是一个问题，而不是要求，比如 (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 meet ones demands 满足某人的需求 (2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that.(should) do. 要求 (3)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的 First, science graduates are in gre
36、ater demand than art ones in China. 首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。 The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers demands. 经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。 即学即练 单句语法填空 (1)They think learning English well is one of the _ (demand) of modern society and will do good to us. (2)The teacher demanded that th
37、e students _ (be)on time to every class. demands should be 名师指津 牢记”meet ones demands” demands一定要用复数形式哟！ demand that should do 形式， should 可省略。 16.relate vt.联系；讲述 ( 教材 P67)Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都 与主旨有关吗？ (1)relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述 relate to 与相关；涉及；谈到 (2)be related to 与有关 (3)r
38、elation n. 关系；联系 in relation to 关于 He later related the whole story to me. 他后来给我讲了整件 事的来龙去脉。 I have a lot to say in relation to this affair.关于这件事， 我有很 多话要说。 即学即练 单句写作 据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校发展有关。 It is said that the short English film _ the development of our school. is mainly related to 名师指津： “relate”一大家族： related adj. 与有关 unrelated adj. 不相关的 relation n. 关系 relationship n. 关系；联系
