1、带着目标努力，带着梦想飞翔,学习目标,Section A 语言学习课,1. 通过合作探究掌握被动语态的特殊用法。 2. 通过合作探究掌握so/such，sometime/ some time/sometimes/sometimes, take place/ happen, 及It is said/believed that 等单词、短语、句型的运用。 3. 培养与他人合作探究分析问题解决问题 的能力。,要求：1.积极参与，热烈讨论，大声表达自己的思想。 2.组长控制好讨论节奏，先一对一分层讨论，不会的或有疑问的在小组内集中讨论；小组仍然解决不了的做好记录提交给老师，以备集中解决。 3.组长宏观
2、调控，导学案上每一个问题组内都要形成统一的意见。,智慧碰撞,内容：探究点一、二 、三。 注意：讨论完成的组改正答案，巩固落实。,（5分钟）,一、下列情况要用被动句： 1. 执行者不明时 eg: Toms mother was saved. 2. 没必要说出执行者 eg: The bridge was built in 1985. 3. 强调动作的承受者 eg: English is widely used as a second language all over the world. The cup was broken by Toms brother. 4.习惯用语，表示客观的说明, 常见
3、于下列句型： Its said that 据说 Its believed that 大家相信 It is known that 众所周知 It is unknown that 鲜为人知 Its suggested that 有人建议 Its reported that 据报道 It is supposed that 据猜测,被动语态(二),二、下列情况不用被动句： 系动词无被动(look, feel, smell, sound，taste, get, turn, become) 2. 不及物动词无被动。（happen, take place, appear ） 3. 宾语是反身代词时无被动。
4、eg. He taught himself maths when he was young. 4. 宾语是动词不定式或动名词时无被动。 eg. The child enjoys watching TV. 5. 表某物的性能特点时,用主动表被动。这种情况的句子结构一般是： Sth + v. + ad. eg. The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。 The car drives fast. 这辆车开得快。 The glass breaks easily. 这种玻璃易碎。 This pen writes well. 这支钢笔好写。 6. 特殊短语主动表被动：be worth do
5、ing (值得做)， need /want doing (需要被做) eg. The book is worth_. 这本书值得一读。 The flowers need _. 这些花需要浇水。,reading,watering,三、被动语态的特殊情况 1.含双宾语的主动句变被动有两种情况：(双宾：即直接宾语“物”和间接宾语“人”) 把指人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，指物的直接宾语保留不动（常用这种） She gave me a dictionary. _ _ _ a dictionary by her. ( 宾语me变为主语成_格) 把指物的直接宾语变为被动句的主语, 那么动词后要加上相应的介
6、词to/ for,再跟指人的间接宾语。例如： She gave me a dictionary. A dictionary _ _ _ _by her. Mother bought us a big present. A big present _ _ _ _by mother.,I,主,was given,was given to me,was bought for us,其方法简而言之：含双宾的主动句变被动，sb.提前，sth.不变；sth.提前，sb.前加to或for. 常见的接双宾语的动词有: give, pass, show, bring, lend, send, teach, of
7、fer, tell等与介词 to 搭配，意为：给 ；buy, get, pay, cook, make, draw等与介词 for搭配，意为：为。 2. 主动结构中含有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)时, 变为被动语态有两种情况需特别注意。 主语+谓语+宾语+n./ adj./ to do/ doing，变为被 宾补 动语态时，把宾语变为被动句的主语, 宾补保持不变。例如： We keep food cold in the fridge. Food _ _ _in the fridge.,is kept cold, His mother found Tom a very good boy. Tom wa
8、s found a very good boy by his mother. Miss Yan often asks the students to answer the questions in English. The students are often asked to answer the questions in English by Miss Yan. Toms father saw Tom sitting on some eggs. Tom was seen sitting on some eggs by his father. （类似的结构有be heard/seen/wat
9、ched/noticed doing sth）, 感官动词（hear, see, watch, find, notice, listen to, look at,）和使役动词（let ,have, make,但let 和 have 一般不用被动）后一般接动词原形作宾补（如：hear/see/make sb do），变成被动时要在动词原形前加to. (如：be heard/seen/made to do) 例如 John made the workers work 24 hours. The workers _ _ _ _24 hours by John. Someone saw him ent
10、er your room. _ _ _ _ _your room.,were made to work,He was seen to enter,宾格变主格,3. 除了单一的及物动词可用于被动语态外, 一些相当于及物动词的动词短语也可用于被动语态, 但整个动词短语要看成一个整体,不能分开. 例如： Someone turned off the light. The light _ _ _ (by someone). We can take good care of your baby here. Your baby _here. We cant laugh at him. _.,was tur
11、ned off,can be taken good care of,He cant be laughed at,4.如果主动句的宾语过长，如宾语从句，变成被动句的主语时，一般用形式主语it, 其中that不能省略。 eg. He said (that) he would come back the next morning. _he would come back the next 据说 morning. 类似的短语还有： 众所周知_； 鲜为人知 _; 据报道 _; 据猜测 _,It is said that,It is known that,It is unknown that,It is
12、reported that；,It is supposed that,5.对被动句中的动作执行者提问，有两种结构：Who/Whom by? 和 By whom? eg. Who wrote this book? _ this book_? _this book _? 6.被动结构与系表结构的区别： be+done 不一定是被动，某些词的过去分词已转化为形容词，放在be动词后叫系表结构，而不是被动。（be+ pleased/excited/ interested/surprised/worried/amazed） eg. The cup is broken.(系表) The cup is bro
13、ken by me.（被动） The window is closed. (系表) The window is closed by that boy. （被动）,Who/Whom was,written by,By whom was,written,7.过去分词（done）做宾补，含被动的意思。 make/have/get sb/sth done(使某人/某事被做) 动词原形(do)和现在分词（doing）做宾补含主动的意思。 eg. 用括号内词的适当形式填空： I try to speak loud to make myself _. (hear) I try to speak loud t
14、o make others _ me. (hear) I have my homework _ by others every day.(do) My father has me _ a lot of homework every day. (do),heard,hear,done,do,8. 过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别： 过去分词(done)做定语，含被动的意思, 现在分词（doing）做定语含主动的意思。 eg. the book written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的书（被动） running water 在流动的水（主动） 过去分词(done)做定语，含已完成之意, 现在分词
15、（doing）做定语含正在做之意。 eg. developed countries 发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家,即时练习: II. 按要求完成下列句子： Beepers were used for getting messages. (变否定 句、一般疑问句、肯否回答及划线部分提问) Beepers _ _ for getting messages. (变否) _beepers _ for getting messages.?(变疑) Yes, _ _. _ _ beepers used for? (划线部分提问) 2. He planted 10 tree
16、s last Sunday. (变成被动) 10 trees _ _ last Sunday (by him). 3. We saw the boy playing soccer yesterday. (变成被动) The boy _ _ _ soccer yesterday. 4. My mother bought me a pen. (变成被动) I _ _ a pen _ my mother. A pen _ _ _ me.,werent,used,Were,used,they,were,What,were,were,planted,was,seen,playing,was,bought
17、,by,was,bought,for,5. The teacher takes good care of the children every day. (变成被动) The children_ _ good _ _ _the teacher every day. 6. My brother often makes me cry. (变成被动) I _ often _ _ cry. 7. Who wrote this book? (变成被动) _ _ _this book _? _/_ _ this book _ _? 8. We all know that China has the lar
18、gest population in the world. (变成被动) _ _ _ China has the largest population in the world.,are,taken,care,of,by,am,made,to,By,whom,was,written,Who,Whom,was,written,by,Its,known,that,. 单项选择 ( )1. English _ in most middle schools in China. A. speak B. speaks C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )2. The bridge
19、 over the river _ more than fifty years ago. A. built B. was built C. has built D. is built,D,B,( )3. Must older people _ to politely? A. speak B. spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken ( )4. Bad things_ into good things. A. can turned B. can be turned C. can turn D. can be turn ( )5. A new school _ in my hometown last year. A. set up B. was set up C. is set up D. has set up ( )6. I think much attention must _ your health. A .be paid B. paid to C
