1、七年级英语上册Unit 3语法和写作知识一、语法（一）人称代词* 人称代词的形式：人称代词主要是指人的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I我Mewe我们us第二人称You你YouYou你们You第三人称阳性He他HimThey他们Them阴性She她Her她们中性It它It它们* 人称代词的功能1)主格代词常作主语，宾格代词常作动词或介词的宾语。Eg: I like playing football. ( I在句中作主语） 我喜欢踢足球。You can ask me for advice. ( me在句中作ask宾语） 你可以向我咨询建议。2)宾格代词有时可代
2、替主格代词在比较级中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词(尤其是其后跟有同位语all时).Eg: He is taller than us all. 他比我们都高。在情景对话中，当省去谓语时Eg: -Who can drive a bus? - Me. - 谁会开公交车？ - 我。表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪。Eg: Why me? (表示一种不满的情绪） 为什么是我？用作表语时，口语中常用宾语Eg: - Who is there? - Its me. - 谁在那？ - 是我。3)三个人称的代词同时出现时，其单数人称排列顺序一般是 “2 - 3 - 1”；复数人称排列顺
3、序一般为“ 1 - 2 - 3”Eg: You,she and I all enjoy music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。 注意：在承担责任、承认错误、检讨工作时，排列顺序为“ 1 - 2 - 3”Eg:I and she are to blame for the accident. 她和我都应该为这次事故负责。* it的用法it用作人称代词，代替事物。1)代替刚提到的过的一件事，既可以直接一个具体的东西，也可以指前面所谈的事情或情况。Eg: Please give it to me. 请把它给我。2)习惯上用it代替this/that等指示代词。Eg: -Whos this? -It is m
4、y mum. - 这是谁？ - 它是我妈妈。3)it 常代替无法或没有必要分性别的人；有时指某个动作的人或心里所指的人。Eg: Someone is knocking at the door. Go to see who it is. 有人在敲门。去看看是谁。4)指距离、时间、季节、天气、气候等自然现象、指环境、情况等。Eg: Its sunny today. 今天天气晴朗。Its 10:00 now. 现在10点。5)it常用作形式主语句式： It is + 形容词 + for sb./ of sb. to do sth.Eg: It is important for us to learn
5、 English. 对我们来说学英语很重要。It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我真善良。注意： 形容词如果形容人的品格则用of；否则用for6)it常用作形式宾语Eg: He found it difficult to learn maths. 他发现学数学很难。（二）音标辅音：/ p / 发音要领：双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不震动。字母组合：p - panda ; pp - apple ; pe - ripe/ b / 发音要领：双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带震动。字母组合：b - book; bb
6、- rabbit; be - robe/ t / 发音要领：舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带不震动。字母组合：t - tea; tt - matter; te - cute/ d / 发音要领：舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带震动。字母组合：d - duck; ed - opened; dd - buddy; de - ride/ k / 发音要领：舌后根抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带不震动。字母组合：c - cap; k -milk ; ck - clock; ch - school; que - ch
7、eque; ke - bike/ g / 发音要领：舌后根抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然离开，将气送出来，像咳嗽一样，声带震动。字母组合：g - glass; gg - bigger; gh -cough ; gu - guard/h/ 发音要领：嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不震动字母组合：h - hat; wh- who/m/ 发音要领：双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带震动。字母组合：m - mouth; mb - lamb/n/ 发音要领：双唇微开，舌尖抵住上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带震动。字母组合：n - nose; kn - knock/ 发音要领：双唇张开，舌尖抵住下齿龈，舌候
8、补自然往上顶住，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带震动。字母组合：ng - song; n - tank/l/ 发音要领：舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送出，声带震动。字母组合：l - sleep; ll - carefully/r/ 发音要领：舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带震动。字母组合：r - rat; wr - write/j/ 发音要领：嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带震动字母组合：y - yellow/w/ 发音要领：双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两旁滑开，声带震动字母组合：w - wash; wh - what二、写作话题一：W
9、rite an email to your friend to introduce your school* 提示：1. My/ Our school has.2.We have/ do not have a .3. There is a .4. There are . classrooms in .5. My favourite place at school is.6. The teachers/ students are nice/ friendly.* 写作步骤定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一人称)、时态(一般现在时)* 范文： Dear .,Our school is big and n
10、ice. Look, there are six buildings in our school: a library, a teachers building , a class building, a dining hall, a sports field and a science building. In the middle of the school is a big sports field. Behind the library, on the left, are the teachers building. Between this building and the dini
11、ng hall is the classroom building. There are twenty classrooms in this building. My favourite place at school is library. The library is on the left of it. There are lots of books and computers in it. The teachers here are very friendly to us.I like our school very much.Can you tell me about your school? I hope to hear from you as soon as possible.Best wishes.3
