1、Grammar非谓语动词非谓语动词动词谓语动词非谓语动词时态语态doingdoneto do非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.1.I hope_(hear)from you soon.2.She sat at the window,_(read)a magazine.3.I _(do)all the cooking for my family,but recently Ive been too busy to do it.4.This is the girl who_(live)next door.5.My
2、decision is that all of us _(start)at 6 oclock tomorrow.to hearreading简单句：简单句：简单句中已经出现了谓语动词简单句中已经出现了谓语动词,填入非谓语。填入非谓语。并列句：并列句：有并列连词有并列连词but连接两个简单句连接两个简单句,填入谓语。填入谓语。复合句：复合句：从句中缺谓语，填入谓语。从句中缺谓语，填入谓语。do lives will start非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.语态状态作用doing主动进行在句中充当主语、宾语、
3、表语、补语、状语done被动完成to do主动未发生非谓语在句中的作用We should serve the people heart and soul.I am reading a novel.She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.The swimming pool is full of people.Please stop speaking.（谓语谓语）（谓语谓语）（宾补宾补）（主语主语和和表语表语）（定语定语）（宾语宾语）非谓语动词非谓语动词判断以下句子中的动词分别充当什么成分？作定语时to dodoingdone定语修饰
4、被序数词、最高级、the only,the next,the last等修饰的词修饰抽象名词（P36）表主动、进行表被动、完成表用途、属性、特点动作尚未发生 She is the last to leave the room.Superman has the ability to fly.There is nothing to worry about.I have several letters to write today.The boy dancing there is my brother.Under the bed lies a sleeping dog.He broke his le
5、g,so he needed a walking stick.The fisherman cast out a fishing net,hoping for a good harvest.The gift given by you is very nice.The developed countries also have many social problems.作定语需要加相应的介词主动、进行用途被动，完成目的 We learn a language in order to/so as to/to communicate.too.to:You are never too old to le
6、arn.adj+enough to do：He is old enough to live on his own.only to do 令人不快之结果令人不快之结果：I hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.形容词后 She is eager to succeed.The story is easy to understand.结果作状语时不定式to do作状语时过去分词 被动，完成 The President arrived,followed by his personal bodyguard.作状语现在分词 主动 进行
7、The sun was striking on the sea,making it shine.(自然结果)He turned off the light,seeing nothing.(伴随)作状语时1.分词的逻辑主语和句子主语保持一致；2.doing表主动 done 表被动 _(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful._(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.SeenSeeing 现在分词/过去分词作状语作状语时1.分词的逻辑主语和句子主语保持一致；2.doing表主动 done
8、表被动现在分词/过去分词作状语 Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.takentaking作宾语时决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;re
9、fuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语作宾语时考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;
10、admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象，设想);avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,escape。2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语作宾语时3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别意义上有明显差别作宾语时3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又
11、可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别意义上有明显差别作宾语时3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别意义上有明显差别stopto do sth.停下来去做另一件事doing sth.停止正在做的事cant helpto do sth.不能帮忙做某事doing sth.情不自禁做某事作宾语时3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别意义上有明显差别作宾语时作宾语作介词宾语一般用动名词Daily practice is the trick
12、in learning a foreign language.prevent/stop sb(from)doing sth 阻止某人做某事waste/spend.(in)doing sth 浪费/花费做某事have some difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth 做某事有困难there is no sense(in)doing sth 做某事是没有意义的含介词的句型作补语时1.在在ask sb.to do sth.结构中，结构中，to do不定式作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语。类似用法的动词类似用法的动词(短语短语)：advise，allow，beg，cause，e
13、ncourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，like，love，order，persuade，prefer，remind，require，teach，tell，want，warn，wish，wait for，call on，depend on等等。作补语时2.感官动词、使役动词搭配的宾语补足语感官动词、使役动词搭配的宾语补足语五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feel作补语时感官动词+宾语+宾补see+宾语dodoingdo
14、ne主动，做了.，全过程主动，正在做.被动，被做.作补语时使役动词+宾语+宾补make+宾语dodone主动被动let+宾语+do主动作补语时使役动词+宾语+宾补have+宾语dodone主动,使.做某事被动；使.遭受doing主动,使.持续做某事 to do有.要做作补语时使役动词+宾语+宾补get+宾语to dodone主动,使.做某事被动；使.遭受doing主动,使.持续做某事作补语时使役动词+宾语+宾补keepsb doing sthsth done主动,一直被动,完成或状态leavesb doing sthsth donesb to do sth主动,正在进行主动,表将来被动,完成省
15、略to的不定式，在被动语态中，要把to还回去！ATTENTION!I heard him sing the song beautifully.He was heard _ the song beautifully.to sing作补语时2.感官动词、使役动词搭配的宾语补足语感官动词、使役动词搭配的宾语补足语作补语时3.with的伴随结构的伴随结构with+宾语doing sthdone主动,正在进行被动,完成或状态to do表将来作补语时3.with的伴随结构的伴随结构With so much homework _,I cant go out to play.(do)With so much
16、homework _,I cant wait to go out to play.(finish)With the teacher _ over the children,you dont have to be too worried.(watch)to dofinishedwatchingwith+宾语Fill in the blank:1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)2.Last night I saw him _(play)the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被动被动”“主动主
17、动”cleanedplayingshut“被动被动”作补语时I heard my sister _ that song in English outside.(sing)They once heard the song _ in English.Mother heard her kid _ the door.Mother heard the door _.(open)With the test _(finish),we began to analyze the result.Would you please speak louder so as to make yourself _(hear)
18、.singingsungopeningopened巩固练习finished作补语时heard作主语时主语to dodoing具体的动作，某一次的动作抽象、概念性、经常的行为It is+no good/use+doingTo ignore this would be a mistake.Reporting the news is their job.It was no use reading that book.作表语时作表语不定式不定式 说明主语内容，具体的、某一次的动作、未来：to do My job is to promote the new product.动名词动名词 说明主语内容，抽
19、象的，概念性的动作：v-ing His job is collecting folk songs.现在分词现在分词 说明主语的特征，令人令人的的：v-ing The spy story was thrilling.过去分词过去分词 说明主语的感受或状态，感到感到的的：v-ed He was thrilled at the suggestion.作表语时(某物某物)令人令人.(某人某人)感到感到.excitingpuzzlingmovingshockingsatisfyingworryingdisappointingexcitedpuzzledmovedshockedsatisfiedworri
20、eddisappointed语态状态作用doing主动进行在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、状语done被动完成to do主动未发生非谓语在句中的作用非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.语法填空语法填空1(2020全国全国卷卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-4 _(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.to find考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知考
21、查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此空处是非谓语动词。结合此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知句意可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。此处用不定式作目的状语。2(2019全国全国卷卷)When we got a call _(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.saying考查非谓语动词。结合句意考查非谓语动词。结合句意，分析句子结构可知分析句子结构可知 _(say)she was short-listed作定语修饰前面的名词作定语修饰前面的名词call，且与且与call之间为逻辑上的主谓关之间为逻辑上的主谓关系系，故用现在分词形式。故用现在
22、分词形式。Exercise3(2019全国全国卷卷)On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.listening考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有了谓语动词句子中已经有了谓语动词，且句中并没有连词且句中并没有连词，故所
23、填动词为非谓语动词形式；又因故所填动词为非谓语动词形式；又因listen与其逻辑主语与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。4(2019北京卷北京卷)Earth Day，_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.marked考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。mark和和Earth Day之间是动宾关系之间是动宾关系，用过去分词用过去分词形式表示被动形式表示被动，作后置定语作后
24、置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。相当于一个非限制性定语从句。5(2018北京卷北京卷)Ordinary soap，_(use)correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.used考查非谓语动词。句意：普通的香皂只要使用正确考查非谓语动词。句意：普通的香皂只要使用正确，就可以有效除就可以有效除菌。菌。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故填过去分词故填过去分词used。6(2020新高考新高考卷卷)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simu
25、lations(模拟模拟)and imagine them living at a different time in history or _(walk)through a rainforest.walking考查非谓语动词。结合句意和并列连词考查非谓语动词。结合句意和并列连词or可知此处的可知此处的walking和前和前文的文的living是并列的结构是并列的结构，在句中作宾语。在句中作宾语。7(2020全国全国卷卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _(surround)the moun
26、tain tops，he was reduced to tears.surrounding考查非谓语动词。该句使用了考查非谓语动词。该句使用了“see宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语”结结构构，and连接了两个非谓语动词作宾语补足语连接了两个非谓语动词作宾语补足语，and前为前为rising，and后应为后应为surrounding。8(2018北京卷北京卷)_(travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.Travelling考查非谓语动词。句意：沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣和有考查非谓语动词
27、。句意：沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣和有益的经历。根据题干可知益的经历。根据题干可知，_(travel)along the old Silk Road是主语部是主语部分分，应该用动名词形式作主语。应该用动名词形式作主语。9(2017全国全国卷卷)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _(process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.to process考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事要求某人做某事”，此此处为该句型的被动语态处为该句型的被动语态，不定式作主语补足语。不定式作主语补足语。
