1、2024九省联考之完形填空 命题立意与素养分析完形填空设题规律完形填空解题技巧与解题步骤说题框架试题拓展与变式I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was 41 ,too.I managed to get to a gas station,but it was Sunday in the early fall,and there was no 42 on duty.I was working my way through university then and h
2、ad little money for 43 the car.I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 44 the heat when an older gentleman 45 to fuel his car.He asked about my car,and I 46 my predicament(困境).To my 47 ,the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age,and then he opened his trunk and 48 a tool set.Righ
3、t then and there,this total 49 examined my engine,explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞)hadnt been changed for so long that they were 50 to function.After about an hour,he 51 that my car was safe to finish the trip.52 came at the hands of a stranger.53 his clothes,working on a hot Septembe
4、r afternoon,this man 54 a college student from disaster,just because she could have been his 55 .选自选自赫芬顿邮报赫芬顿邮报2018 年年 5 月月 23 日名为日名为 9 Heartwarming Times Strangers Helped Struggling College Students 的文章。的文章。https:/ upB.pulled outC.put down D.threw away49.A.liarB.beginnerC.strangerD.loser50.A.freeB.
5、readyC.uncertainD.unable51.A.pronouncedB.agreedC.discoveredD.doubted52.A.TirednessB.KindnessC.LonelinessD.Carefulness53.A.FoldingB.DryingC.SoilingD.Mending54.A.savedB.calledC.judgedD.banned55.A.friendB.daughterC.coworkerD.customer一、命题立意和素养分析 完形填空要求学生能够掌握文章大意，并运用所学的综合知识在限定时间内（10-15分钟）从所给的选项中选出使文章意思通顺
6、、结构完整、逻辑合理的最佳选项。它考查考生的语言运用能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑分析能力、推理判断能力及常识应用能力。一般所选语篇以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，融合了思想性和教育性，旨在说明一个人生道理或分享生活体验。一、命题立意和素养分析 具体来说，在接触语篇时，要求考生利用首句/首段/尾段的信息，进一步推测语篇主旨。在阅读中，要寻找上下文的提示信息，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断；识别语篇标志，理清句间以及段落间的逻辑关系；利用原词复现，寻找近义/同义表达；巧用文化知识和生活常识。通过语篇中的上下文线索，对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证。阅读过程中，考生应多注意体会作者的写作意图，培养语篇意识。人与
7、自我(human and self)学习与生活做人与做事人与社会(human and society)社会服务与人际沟通文学、艺术与体育历史、社会与文化科学与技术人与自然(human and nature)自然生态环境保护灾害防范宇宙探索体裁类型文章特点记叙文(narrative writing)结构完整，逻辑严密叙议文(narrative and argumentative writing)说明文(expository writing)二、完形填空设题规律 1.四种词类：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词四类词，且常常含12个词组。2.形式一致：四个选项的语法形式一致。3.意义迥异：一般不考查
8、近义词辨析，主要考词义辨析。4.信息支撑：每个正确选项在上下文必有信息支撑。I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was 41 ,too.I managed to get to a gas station,but it was Sunday in the early fall,and there was no 42 on duty.I was working my way through university then and had little money f
9、or 43 the car.I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 44 the heat when an older gentleman 45 to fuel his car.He asked about my car,and I 46 my predicament(困境).To my 47 ,the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age,and then he opened his trunk and 48 a tool set.Right then and there,
10、this total 49 examined my engine,explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞)hadnt been changed for so long that they were 50 to function.After about an hour,he 51 that my car was safe to finish the trip.52 came at the hands of a stranger.53 his clothes,working on a hot September afternoon,this
11、man 54 a college student from disaster,just because she could have been his 55 .2024九省联考九省联考41.A.busyB.loudC.deadD.secure42.A.mechanicB.policemanC.managerD.guide43.A.washingB.parkingC.purchasingD.maintaining44.A.feelB.beatC.absorbD.produce45.A.promisedB.refusedC.stoppedD.volunteered46.A.solvedB.noti
12、cedC.escapedD.explained47.A.surpriseB.regretC.amusementD.disappointment48.A.called upB.pulled outC.put down D.threw away49.A.liarB.beginnerC.strangerD.loser50.A.freeB.readyC.uncertainD.unable51.A.pronouncedB.agreedC.discoveredD.doubted52.A.TirednessB.KindnessC.LonelinessD.Carefulness53.A.FoldingB.Dr
13、yingC.SoilingD.Mending54.A.savedB.calledC.judgedD.banned55.A.friendB.daughterC.coworkerD.customer 名词名词 5 动词动词 7 形容形容/副词副词 2 短语短语 1三、（一）解题技巧Semantic field语语 义义 场场a set of words with related meanings.语义场的概念语义场的概念:物理学中的电场、磁场、重力场具有同一性，即在场中的任意位物理学中的电场、磁场、重力场具有同一性，即在场中的任意位置场的作用是相同的。置场的作用是相同的。类比于物理中的场，一篇文章
14、也有它的类比于物理中的场，一篇文章也有它的“场场”，即，即一个语篇中语一个语篇中语言的使用中具有同一性言的使用中具有同一性。这种。这种同一性同一性体现在体现在性质相同或不同的词性质相同或不同的词之间之间具有具有语义上的关联语义上的关联。1.SaturdayA.trip B.holiday C.weekend D.square2.exploreA.searching B.planning C.natural D.formal3.wrongA.ready B.possible C.correct D.difficult4.aliveA.deadB.hurt C.weakD.late5.riverA
15、.dust B.waterC.grassD.bush6.medical A.hospital B.factory C.restaurant D.hotel7.experimentA.libraryB.laboratory C.clinic D.museum找出下列词的语义词u 语义场分为同性质词之间的语义场和异性质词之间的语义场。u 名词之间的同一性体现在语义上的一致性。u 动词之间的同一性体现在一个事件或一个人物的先后动作具有连贯性。u 形容词/副词之间的同一性体现在作者的情感态度具有一致性。I managed to get an A in that 13._and learned life
16、 lessons that have served me well beyond the 14._.13.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment 14.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation1.名词之间的名词之间的同类性同类性(similarity)（一）同性质词之间的语义场（一）同性质词之间的语义场2.动词之间的连贯性动词之间的连贯性(sequence)Every effort to clear the air seemed to only deepen our misunderstan
17、ding.Then he 28._a small island in the Caribbean and we 29._touch.One day he wrote me a letter.(2010年全国卷II)28.A.toured B.stopped over C.reached D.moved to29.A.lost B.kept in C.needed D.got in I remember how 43._I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables;it looked different from the one l was tr
18、ained on.It had nice handles(手柄),which made it 45._to move around.I was pleased with everything.43.A.angry B.calm C.sad D.happy 45.A.slower B.easier C.lighter D.harder3.形容词之间的一致性形容词之间的一致性(coherence):作者的作者的情感态度情感态度具有一致性具有一致性（二）异性质词之间的语义场（二）异性质词之间的语义场 Our meetings were not 26._;our conversation was fi
19、lled with arguments and quarrels.26.A.normalB.necessary C.pleasant D.possible词词词词短语短语句子句子反义关系反义关系同同/近义关系近义关系 原词复现原词复现同义或近义复现同义或近义复现 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列关系并列关系 转折关系转折关系 让步关系让步关系 解释关系解释关系 顺序关系顺序关系 语语篇信息篇信息（信息支撑）（信息支撑）因果关系因果关系词汇词汇语法语法逻辑逻辑反义词反义词固固定定搭搭配配第一步 读首尾段，摸清文路（1 min）第二步 速览全文，把握大意（2 min）第三步 瞻前顾后，准确选择（10
20、min）第四步 复核全文，调整答案（2 min）三、（二）解题步骤I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was 41 ,too.I managed to get to a gas station,but it was Sunday in the early fall,and there was no 42 on duty.I was working my way through university then and had little money for 43
21、 the car.I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to 44 the heat when an older gentleman 45 to fuel his car.He asked about my car,and I 46 my predicament(困境).To my 47 ,the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age,and then he opened his trunk and 48 a tool set.Right then and there,this
22、total 49 examined my engine,explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞)hadnt been changed for so long that they were 50 to function.After about an hour,he 51 that my car was safe to finish the trip.52 came at the hands of a stranger.53 his clothes,working on a hot September afternoon,this man 5
23、4 a college student from disaster,just because she could have been his 55 .What information can we get from the first sentence?I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down.My phone was 41 ,too.I managed to get to a gas station,but it was Sunday in the early fall,and th
24、ere was no 42 on duty.I was working my way through university then and had little money for 43 the car.41.A.busyB.loudC.deadD.secure42.A.mechanicB.policemanC.managerD.guide43.A.washingB.parkingC.purchasingD.maintaining同义关联+逻辑关系42、43：逻辑关系：车坏了，需要修理工来修理 I sat alongside my car for several hours trying t
25、o 44 the heat when an older gentleman 45 to fuel his car.He asked about my car,and I 46 my predicament(困境).To my 47 ,the gentleman told me that he had a daughter my age,and then he opened his trunk and 48 a tool set.on a hot September afternoon44.A.feel B.beatC.absorbD.produce45.A.promised B.refused
26、C.stoppedD.volunteered46.A.solved B.noticedC.escapedD.explained47.A.surprise B.regretC.amusementD.disappointment48.A.called up B.pulled out C.put downD.threw away逻辑关系：停车准备加油 “我”解释困境 意料之外，老人打开后备箱拿出工具箱。后文有提示，天气热，所以躺在车的阴凉处“避暑”情感线：第一段全是令人“受挫”的事情，所以这里老人的帮助令我惊喜Right then and there,this total 49 examined m
27、y engine,explaining as he worked that my spark plugs(火花塞火花塞)hadnt been changed for so long that they were 50 to function.After about an hour,he 51 that my car was safe to finish the trip.52 came at the hands of a stranger.53 his clothes,working on a hot September afternoon,this man 54 a college stud
28、ent from disaster,just because she could have been his 55 .49.A.liarB.beginnerC.strangerD.loser50.A.freeB.readyC.uncertainD.unable51.A.pronounced B.agreedC.discoveredD.doubted52.A.TirednessB.KindnessC.LonelinessD.Carefulness53.A.FoldingB.DryingC.SoilingD.Mending54.A.savedB.calledC.judgedD.banned55.A
29、.friendB.daughterC.coworkerD.customer最后一句点明主旨：来自陌生人的善意。后面一句总结善意的具体行为逻辑关系：老人是陌生人，（文章主题：来自陌生人的善意），发现问题，修理，最后表明车足以支撑我完成这次的行程。词汇复现Pronounce,soil熟词生义完形填空技巧总结速读巧做重视首句 预测主题快速浏览 把握大意逐句细读 寻找线索上下求索找信息，复现同现和逻辑 再看选项寻搭配，语义辨析看情景注意连接信号词，上文下文紧联系教学启示：拓展阅读体裁，引导学生理清教学启示：拓展阅读体裁，引导学生理清语篇框架、文章主旨与要点逻辑语篇框架、文章主旨与要点逻辑四、试题拓展与变式1.更多高考完形u2022年全国乙卷体裁：说明文话题：认识自我语篇解读：在全球小孩儿都喜欢玩的捉迷藏里，蕴藏着的是孩子们纯真的天性，而不是自我中心主义。2.试题二次开发完形填空语法填空阅读理解原著阅读读后续写.教学启示：拓展阅读体裁，引导学生理清教学启示：拓展阅读体裁，引导学生理清语篇框架、文章主旨与要点逻辑语篇框架、文章主旨与要点逻辑教学启示：一文多用，教学启示：一文多用，语篇互用，语篇互用，实现语篇实现语篇的多元价值；的多元价值；
