1、Imagism(1900-1910)Imagism:its definition T.E.Hulme:The image must enable one“to dwell and linger upon a point of excitement,to achieve the impossible and convert a point into a line”.Ezra Pound:An image is“that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time”.Richard Aldin
2、gton:The exact word must bring the effect of the object before the reader as it had presented itself to the poets mind at the time of writing.The Coming of Image1.Imagism as a term p.158-1592.T.E.Hulmes definition momentary impression one dominant image personal word for expressionImage The represen
3、tation of sense experience through languages.A concrete representation,as in art,literature,or music,that is expressive or evocative of something else.Types of Image An image is something which evokes a sense experience.A writers imagery can be visual(pertaining to sight),olfactory(pertaining to sme
4、ll),tactile(touch),auditory(hearing),gustatory(taste),or a bodily sensation such as pain or the perception of something cold.Mixed Imagery All the images formed into a meaningful whole in a literary piece is often called imagery.In the case of mixed imagery where two or more senses cross,a strong im
5、pression is made.Kinesthetic Image Besides,words can convey a kinesthetic sense when there is a vivid description of motions indicating body language through the use of active verbs and their various formsImagism Imagism was a poetic vogue that flourished in England and even more vigorously in Ameri
6、ca,between the years 1912 and 1917.The imagist proposals were for a poetry which,abandoning conventional poetic materials and versification,is free to choose any subject and to create its own rhythms,uses common speech,and presents an image or vivid sensory description that is hard,clear,and concent
7、rated.Characteristics of Imagist Poetry Typically written in free verse and undertakes to render as precisely and tersely as possible the writers impression of a visual object or scene.Often the impression is rendered by means of metaphor,or by juxtaposing the description of one object with that of
8、a second and diverse object.Imagism:principles1.Direct treatment of the“thing”,whether subjective or objective;2.To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation;3.As regarding rhythm,to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase,not in the sequence of a metronome.Imagism:it
9、s representatives T.E.Hulme:“Autumn”F.S.Flint:“The Swan”Richard Aldington Hilda Doolittle:“Oread”Amy Lowell:“Wind and Silver”William Carlos Williams:“The Red Wheelbarrow”Ezra Pound:“In a Station of the Metro”Imagism:influences1.A rebellion against the traditional poetics which failed to reflect the
10、new life of the new century.2.A new way of writing which was valid not only for the Imagist poets but for modern poetry as a whole.3.A training school in which many great poets learned their first lessons in the poetic art.4.The first pages of modern English and American poetry.Phases of Imagist Mov
11、ementFirst Phase London,1908-1909;T.E.HulmeSecond Phase Ezra Pound,1912-1914 three imagist poetic principles:p.159 Third Phase Amy Lowell,1914-1917 disagreement between Lowell and Pound;the movement ended in 1917Image and Imagist Poem p.160-161Reading “In a Station of the Metro”巴黎地铁站 “Oread”奥瑞德/林中女仙
12、 “The Red Wheelbarrow”红色手推车Limitation and influences of the Imagist Movement人群中幽然浮现的一张人群中幽然浮现的一张张脸庞，张脸庞，黝黑的湿树枝上的一片黝黑的湿树枝上的一片片花瓣。片花瓣。In a Station of the MetroIn a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough.Peta
13、ls on a wet,black bough.Possible Themes Love,friendship,death.Transience of beauty and the permanence of art The modern culture,alienation from the contemporary world BackgroundThree years ago in Paris I got out of a metro train at La Concorde,and saw suddenly a beautiful face,and then another and a
14、nother,and I tried all that day to find words for what this had meant to me,and I could not find any words that seemed to me worthy,or as lovely as that sudden emotion.The apparition of these faces in the crowd;The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough.Petals on a wet,bl
15、ack bough.人群中幽然浮现的一张张脸庞，人群中幽然浮现的一张张脸庞，黝黑的湿树枝上的一片片花瓣。黝黑的湿树枝上的一片片花瓣。In a Station of the MetroIn a Station of the Metro Ezra PoundIs the air heavy and damp?Is the subway dark and smell of sweat?an image for those beautiful faces,for there is a sense of beauty in thema depiction of the subway station Po
16、und sees the beauty of what each individual contributes to our daily lives and how we as a society rely on one another,even if we are just faces in the crowd.the underground railway of Paris appearanceghostlythe faces of petals of a flower bring beauty to an otherwise dismal,wet and dark existence.人
17、群中这些面庞的闪现；人群中这些面庞的闪现；湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。（赵毅衡）（赵毅衡）这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。（飞白）（飞白）出现在人群里这一张张面孔；出现在人群里这一张张面孔；湿的黑树枝上的一片片花瓣。湿的黑树枝上的一片片花瓣。（张子清）（张子清）这些面孔似幻象在人群中显现；这些面孔似幻象在人群中显现；一串花瓣在潮湿的黑色枝干上。一串花瓣在潮湿的黑色枝干上。（江枫）（江枫）人潮中这些面容的忽现；人潮中这些面容的忽现；湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。（罗池）（罗池）人群中幻影
18、般浮现的脸人群中幻影般浮现的脸 潮湿的，黑色树枝上的花瓣潮湿的，黑色树枝上的花瓣 （钟鲲）（钟鲲）人群里这些脸忽然闪现；人群里这些脸忽然闪现；花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。（流沙河）（流沙河）人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。（余光中）（余光中）In a Station of the Metro an Imagist poem by Ezra Pound published in 1913 in Poetry.The poem attempts to describe Pounds experience upon visi
19、ting an underground metro station in Paris in 1912,and Pound suggested that the faces of the individuals in the metro were best put into a poem not with a description but with an equation.Because of the treatment of the subjects appearance by way of the poems own visuality,it is considered a quintes
20、sential Imagist text.Oread by Hilda Doolittle Whirl up,sea-whirl your pointed pines,splash your great pines on our rocks,hurl your green over us,cover us with your pools of fir.Appreciation“Oread”is a six-line poem published in 1915.In Greek mythology,an oread is a wood nymph.By giving the poem this
21、 title,H.D.(Hilda Doolittle)frames it as an address by the wood nymph to the sea.Although there is no“I,”the poems first-person point of view is further suggested by many of the descriptive words themselves.For example,the second line orders the sea to“whirl your pointed pines,”and the third line re
22、peats the image with“splash your great pines.”Clearly,the ocean has waves,not pines,yet the waves could be referred to as trees if the oread likes.“Oread”well represents H.D.s early lyrical verse and the Imagist movement of poetry early in the twentieth century:Terse and compact,the poem crisply con
23、veys the natural forces at work,or called upon to work,by the series of active verbs and imperatives“whirl,”“splash,”“hurl,”and“cover.”The hard-hitting lines stress a sense of urgency for nature to fulfill this request.The Red Wheelbarrowso much depends upon a red wheel barrow glazed with rainwater
24、beside the white chickens The Red Wheelbarrow is a poem by and often considered the masterwork of American 20th-century writer William Carlos Williams.The 1923 poem exemplifies the Imagist-influenced philosophy of“no ideas but in things.”This provides another layer of meaning beneath the surface rea
25、ding.It creates a typical“American”image.Appreciation Williams wrote The Red Wheelbarrow in less than five minutes while observing a scene out of the window.“So much depends upon a red wheelbarrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens”.With careful word choice,attention to language,and un
26、usual stanza breaks,Williams has turned an ordinary sentence into poetry.The claim that“so much depends upon”this wheelbarrow is quite accurate.On a farm,a wheelbarrow is used for a number of important farm chores.Notice that each stanza is shaped like a wheelbarrow.The colors stand out because of their contrast with one another:the white chickens contrast with the red of the wheelbarrow.The wheelbarrow can be seen as important economically,and it adds beauty to its surroundings.Evaluation of imagism p.162-163
